Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to investigate the objective index of the type of differentiation of symptoms and signs between chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, the levels of serum Tes, ALD, HCT, INS, GR, gastrin, T3, T4, TSH were tested in the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of 27 cases of sthenia-syndrome and 61 cases of asthenia-syndrome. Meanwhile, 30 cases of healthy people were taken as the control. The results indicated that the levels of serum Tes, T3, T4, gastrin in the group of asthenia-syndrome (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05). The levels of serum T4 and gastrin were increased in the group of sthenia-syndrome than in the groups of asthenia-syndrome and control (P less than 0.01). The levels of serum ALT, HCT, INS, and GR were significantly different between the group of asthenia-syndrome and that of sthenia-syndrome. This suggests that clinic symptoms were concerned with the level of serum endocrine on chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, such as the function of genital, thyroid, adrenal gland and pancrease. The observation of the levels of serum Tes, T3, T4, ALT, INS, GR and gastrin may be an objective index to differentiate the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Relation between chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in the type of differentiation of symptoms and signs and endocrine hormone]. 206 92

To determine the frequency of liver profile abnormalities in hereditary hemochromatosis, we under took a retrospective survey in 100 patients, all of whom had undergone liver biopsy. Liver histology was compared with the biochemical profile, which included aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and albumin determinations. Mild abnormalities in the AST and ALT levels were seen in more than 65% of patients. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly greater elevations in AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase, and a significant decrease in albumin (p less than 0.05). Proband cases had more frequent abnormalities than discovered cases within families. Accordingly, we find that mild abnormalities in the biochemical liver profile are common in hemochromatosis and suggest that patients with an unexplained abnormality in the liver profile should be screened for hemochromatosis with a serum ferritin and transferrin saturation.
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PMID:Biochemical liver profile in hemochromatosis. A survey of 100 patients. 206 47

Because of the liver's dependence on arterial blood to exert its metabolic functions in cirrhosis of the liver, with or without thrombosis of the portal vein, the interruption of hepatic arterial flow for the palliative treatment of malignant tumors of the liver is counterindicated. However, the effects of arterial devascularization on the cholestatic liver are not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate hepatic alterations due to hepatic artery ligation in rats with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis. Serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase were measured in rats 3 h after sham operation (group A, N = 29) or ligation of the hepatic artery (group B, N = 29). Alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in group B, demonstrating acute hepatocellular damage in animals with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis.
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PMID:Effect of hepatic artery ligation in rats with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis. 210 Oct 73

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the response of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to recombinant alpha-interferon was related to the presence or absence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in patients with chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis. A group of 65 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was studied. The source of contamination was blood transfusion or administration of blood products in 32, intravenous drug addiction in 14 and unknown in 19. The patients received 1, 3 or 5 MU of recombinant alpha-interferon, three times a week, for 6 months. A complete response was defined as normal ALT by the end of recombinant alpha-interferon treatment. Sera collected before treatment were tested for anti-HCV with an enzyme immunoassay. The overall percentage of anti-HCV positive patients in the study group was 75%. There was no difference between the anti-HCV positive and the anti-HCV negative patients before the treatment with respect to age, sex ratio, source of contamination, serum albumin, prothrombin, bilirubin, ALT or prevalence of cirrhosis. In the anti-HCV positive and the anti-HCV negative groups, there was no difference in the proportion of patients receiving the 1, 3 or 5 MU dosage. The percentage of patients with complete response was not different in anti-HCV positive patients (48%) and in anti-HCV negative patients (50%). There was also no difference in the kinetics of the decrease of mean serum ALT levels between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Is the response to recombinant alpha interferon related to the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis? 164 37

Alpha-interferon has emerged as the most effective agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis when active replication of virus B, C, or D is present. Exogenous administration of human alpha-interferon, now possible through modern large-scale production methods, is associated with suppression of virus in blood. Amelioration of liver disease occurs in 35% of patients with hepatitis B virus and in 50% with hepatitis C virus with interferon doses of 30 and 10 MU per week, respectively, for 16-26 weeks; after therapy, persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase is observed in 35% and 27%, respectively. Similar results have now also been reported for chronic hepatitis D. Enhanced response rates (greater than 50%) may be obtained by prolonged intermittent interferon therapy. Combination of interferon with another 'antiviral' agent (vidarabine, acyclovir, prednisone) has not increased therapeutic efficacy. Alpha-interferon induces side effects such as fatigue, flu-like syndrome, myalgia, and changes in mood and granulocytes. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are particularly prone to bacterial infection and disease exacerbation and should receive lower doses. Interferon, when applied skillfully, induces the highly beneficial transition of active viral replication into viral latency, thereby greatly reducing infectivity, symptoms, and activity of the liver disease. Prevention of death from liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma is to be expected.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis anno 1990. 212 46

Non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis is a serious world problem which typically results in chronic hepatitis and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. alpha-Interferon has recently been studied in a number of randomized controlled trials throughout the world. The results of those studies are reviewed here. ALT levels were normalized by 2-3 MU recombinant interferon alfa-2b, three times per week s.c. for 6 months (p less than 0.001 vs. control) in 36% of patients in five trials. Biopsy tests also demonstrated histological improvement in lobular and periportal inflammation. Unfortunately, relapse is a common problem in these studies, occurring in 49% of patients treated with 3 million units and 57% of those treated with 1 million units. Retreatment usually brings remission once again. In the future, long-term studies will further elucidate the natural history of the disease and documented guidelines for interferon dosage and duration of dosing in a wider range of patient subgroups will become available.
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PMID:Recombinant alpha-interferon treatment of non-A, and non-B (type C) hepatitis: review of studies and recommendations for treatment. 212 92

Among 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Taiwan, 27 were females and the median age of symptom onset was 54.5 years. Most had similar clinical manifestations to those reported in the Western countries, but ascites and oesophageal varices as commonly found at the late stages of cirrhosis of liver were noted in nine patients (30%) and 13 patients (43%) respectively. Only one patient was asymptomatic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was noted in 21 patients (70%) and hypoalbuminaemia in 8 patients (27%). All patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and 28 (93%) had antimitochondrial antibodies. Ten out of 21 patients (48%) were positive in antinuclear antibodies, of which most were of speckled type. Sixteen out of 18 patients (89%) had elevated serum IgM levels. Interestingly, only one of 26 patients (3.8%) was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, in contrast to its high prevalence (15%) in the Taiwan population. Special associated diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, malignant lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, were each noted in one patient respectively. Eight patients had a history of gallstones before the diagnosis of PBC. The mean follow-up period was 23.6 +/- 19.8 months, and nine patients died during that period. In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of PBC in Taiwan are similar to those in Western countries, but most of our cases were at later stages.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis in Taiwan. 212 28

Serum CA 19-9 was determined in 83 control subjects, 99 patients with pancreatic cancer, 104 with chronic pancreatitis and 137 with extra-pancreatic diseases mainly of gastrointestinal origin in order to evaluate whether hepatic factors can influence circulating CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this test in determining pancreatic malignancy were: 74%, 83% and 57%. We divided patients into two groups: group A (159 cases) and group B (181 cases) with and without anatomical liver damage (presence of primary or metastatic cancer, cirrhosis, hepatitis, steatofibrosis, cholangitis). Group A presented higher CA 19-9 values as compared to group B. Significant correlations were found in group B but not in group A between CA 19-9 and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin. Multiple regression analysis (CA 19-9 dependent and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin predictor variables) was significant only in group B. The standardized partial regression coefficients found to be significant were those of ALP and total bilirubin. We can conclude that CA 19-9 is an index of pancreatic cancer with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. The presence of anatomical liver damage seems to increase the value of this index, probably releasing CA 19-9 into the bloodstream. Extra-hepatic cholestasis may also be an important factor in elevating CA 19-9 probably by reducing the hepatic catabolism of this glycoprotein.
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PMID:How does liver dysfunction influence serum CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer? 213 20

Radiation tolerance of the partially irradiated liver was studied in eight patients with primary hepatoma treated by a multimodal approach. Seven patients were treated by transarterial embolization therapy (TAE) with Lipiodol-MMC, and two patients were treated by operation, combined with radiotherapy. Six patients had liver cirrhosis and the other one had renal dysfunction. Respiration-gated irradiation was employed to reduce a treatment volume for seven patients. Radiation portals were carefully tailored using the embolized Lipiodol or a metal clip inserted into the tumor as references. Two or three portals were used for each patient. The treatment volume ranged from 64 to 1400 cm3. The target dose ranged from 50.4 Gy to 81.0 Gy, from 73.5 to 108.6 in TDF. Liver function tests (GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP, ChE and total Bilirubin) were examined for 30 weeks after initiation of irradiation. Three patients showed abnormal value in more than 5 tests. Of these three patients, the hepatic hilum was included in the treatment volume in two, and the tumor progressed during the observation period in two. Leukopenia and thrombopenia were observed, but these values were not below 2000 and 40000/mm3, respectively, although the thrombocyte count before irradiation was below 100000/mm3 in 7 patients. AFP titers decreased after the treatment in six out of seven patients with abnormally elevated pretreatment titer. The survival period after staring irradiation was 6.5 to 25 months. "The volume dose" did not correlate well with the degree of the liver function aggravation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Radiation tolerance of partially irradiated liver in a multidisciplinary treatment for hepatoma]. 216 20

In 100 adult patients with severe haemophilia A (78 patients) and B (22 patients) sera were screened for the presence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and liver function tests were performed which included measurement of serum aminotransferase AST and ALT activities, total bilirubin concentration and plasma levels of factor VII and X. In all the patients at least one out of five determined HBV markers (HBsAg. HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and anti-HBe) was detected. HBsAg was found in 10% of the patients, and its prevalence in haemophiliacs B was higher than than observed in haemophiliacs A (22.7% and 6.4%, respectively). HBsAg appeared more frequently in patients receiving factor VIII concentrates (16.7%) than in those treated with cryoprecipitate (4.5%). Anti-CMV antibody was detected in sera of 98% of the patients. In 1/3 samples of cryoprecipitate anti-HBc or anti-HBs were present, and in the half of samples anti-CMV occurred. Abnormal liver function tests indicating chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis were obtained in 8 patients. Raised ALT activity which could suggest chronic infection with non-A, non-B virus occurred in 6 cases. The present study indicates that haemophiliacs frequently transfused with plasma products are at high risk for viral infections leading to liver dysfunction.
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PMID:[Serological markers of hepatitis B virus and cytomegalovirus in patients with hemophilia]. 217 33


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