Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most important cause of transfusion-related non-A, non-B hepatitis. It is also thought to be the prime cause of non-transfusion-related or sporadic chronic liver disease. To assess the extent of HCV infection and its significance in this last form, we evaluated the clinical, serological and histological features of 84 consecutive HCV-related patients without a history of blood or blood products transfusion, alcohol or intravenous drug abuse or other known risk factors. Our results indicate that 68 patients (81%) had signs of chronicity, and 33 (39.2%) had superimposed cirrhosis. Serum abnormal alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities represented good predictive markers of liver histological signs of chronicity. The levels of serum gammaglobulins were found to parallel histological severity of liver disease. One or more hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated markers were present in 52 patients (61.9%). Only 6 (7.1%) were chronic HBV carriers, and 3 of them had signs of active virus replication. These data indicate that HCV plays a major role in the etiology of sporadic chronic liver disease. Its presence is associated with histological forms of chronic liver disease in most patients, who likely represent chronic HCV carriers.
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PMID:Hepatitis-C-virus-related chronic liver disease of sporadic type: clinical, serological and histological features. 137 48

To evaluate the role of IgM specific antibody in the diagnosis and monitoring of the patients with chronic hepatitis C, sera from 114 cases with chronic hepatitis C and liver cirrhosis were tested. IgM antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 40.0% of CAH, as compared with 21.4% of CIH, 17.4% of LC, 20.0% of LC with HCC. IgM antibody was also detectable in cases with high level of s-ALT. Patients with positive this antibody have high titer of IgG antibody to hepatitis C virus. In summary, testing for this antibody may be useful to evaluate the recurrence or disease activity and may also be helpful in IFN therapy.
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PMID:[IgM HCV antibody in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. 138 May 70

Three patients with submassive hepatic necrosis developed acute liver failure during the severe reactivation of chronic hepatitis B. The activity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase increased in all three patients immediately before the onset of hepatic failure. Liver biopsy specimens obtained before and after the episode of submassive hepatic necrosis showed progression to advanced liver cirrhosis. The nucleotide sequences of the precore and core regions of HBV-DNA were investigated in two of the three patients and in another two patients with piecemeal and bridging necrosis. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the HBV-DNA core region changed after reactivation in the the two patients with submassive hepatic necrosis, while the sequences in the other two patients with piecemeal necrosis remained unchanged before and after reactivation. These results suggest that the antigenicity of the HBV-DNA core region may have been changed before and after severe reactivation. Due to mutation at the core region, a different type of epitope would be expressed on the hepatocytes after submassive hepatic necrosis, which would not be a target for the cytotoxic T cell. This was evident by the continuation of the normal serum GPT for 5 and 9 years, respectively.
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PMID:Mutation of the core region of HBV-DNA and submassive hepatic necrosis in patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B. 139 28

In Okinawa prefecture, prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among blood donors is 3.5% and is twice as high as the average for the whole of Japan (1.5%), and is the highest in Japan (p less than 0.005). In contrast, mortality rates of both liver cirrhosis (LC) and primary liver cancer (PLC) in Okinawa are the lowest in Japan. Many epidemiological studies have shown that the positive rate of HBsAg correlates with mortality rate of PLC. To elucidate the cause of this epidemiological discrepancy, cross-sectional seroepidemiological studies and a prospective clinical study were conducted. In the cross-sectional studies, the following results were obtained; (1) Positive rate of HBsAg among patients with LC in Okinawa was 15.2% and lower than the average for the whole of Japan (23.4%). A similar comparison among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showed 24.4% in Okinawa Vs. 31.4% in the whole of Japan. (2) The age-specific hepatitis B e antigen positive rate among 829 HBsAg positive health examinees tend to decrease with increase in age; 50% in less than 20 years old age group, 15.7% in third decade and 2-3% or less in 30 or more age group. Of the 829, 431 HBsAg positive subjects were referred our liver out-patient clinic. Then, of the 431, 27 (6.3%) were diagnosed or suspected as having chronic hepatitis and one (0.2%) was diagnosed as having cirrhosis. Of the 431, 381 (88.4%) were diagnosed as healthy HBsAg carrier, the great majority (94.0%) of whom had positive reaction of anti-HBe antibody and normal values of both GOT and GPT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and chronic liver disease in Okinawa]. 140 58

A 42-year-old male was admitted with subarachnoidal hemorrhage. Dexamethasone 224 mg was used to reduce brain edema. His operation was successful without blood transfusion. No remarkable signs and symptoms were found except HBsAg positive and mild GPT elevation during his admission. He was discharged on the 33rd day. But 2 weeks later, he felt general fatigue and became worse day by day. He was re-admitted on the 75th day. Several therapies were given but he died of hepatic failure on the 85th day. The autopsy showed liver cirrhosis with massive necrosis. We believed that the steroid-withdrawal-phenomenon caused excessive immunological response and this process caused his hepatic failure leading to death.
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PMID:[A case of HBsAg positive liver cirrhosis who died after withdrawal of steroid]. 140 69

An ELISA was developed for measuring serum antibodies against the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and a closely related isolate termed callitrichid hepatitis virus (CHV). The ELISA was used to test sera from healthy adults and from hepatitis patients. In Birmingham, Alabama, the seropositivity rate for healthy black women was 5.1% (7/138), and the rate for patients with all types of hepatitis or cirrhosis was 4.3% (2/46). In San Antonio, Texas, the seropositivity rate among a clinical series of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis was 0 (0/20), and the rate among persons rejected from blood donation because of high serum alanine aminotransferase levels was 2.4% (2/82). These results indicate that infection with LCMV or CHV is common in Birmingham but that infection is not associated with hepatitis.
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PMID:Prevalence of serum antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in selected populations from two U.S. cities. 140 29

Serum hepatocyte growth factor levels were measured in hepatectomized and nonhepatectomized surgical patients. The levels were significantly increased and reached a maximum within 7 days after surgery in both groups, returning to preoperative levels 28 days after partial hepatectomy and 7 days after other operations. Multiple regression analysis showed that such maximal hepatocyte growth factor levels were significantly related to having liver cirrhosis and postoperative maximal serum total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels and peripheral white blood cell counts in the hepatectomized group and to postoperative maximal peripheral white blood cell counts and serum C-reactive protein levels in the nonhepatectomized group. However, the levels showed no relation to the resected liver volume and increment of the remaining liver volume 28 days after partial hepatectomy. It is concluded that serum hepatocyte growth factor levels were increased after partial hepatectomy in association with hepatocellular dysfunction and necrosis and systemic inflammation. It is unlikely that the increase was related to liver regeneration.
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PMID:Serum hepatocyte growth factor levels in hepatectomized and nonhepatectomized surgical patients. 133 Aug 2

The serum cholylglycine (CG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin levels were studied in 210 patients with hepatobiliary disease and in 70 healthy subjects. Serum CG concentrations in all the hepatobiliary diseases were found to be significantly higher than those of their controls. Patients with abnormal increases in ALT and bilirubin levels also showed raised CG concentrations; however, some patients with normal ALT and bilirubin levels, still had markedly elevated CG values. Patients with hepatic cirrhosis had high serum CG levels, followed, in descending order, by chronic active hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis. In the cholecystitis and cholelithiasis cases, their CG levels were significantly higher than those of the controls but lower than the values in hepatic disease patients; however, more cholecystitis cases had abnormally high serum bilirubin levels than CG. The results also show that serum CG concentrations vary in the different hepatobiliary diseases, and that serial CG measurements are more sensitive than measuring ALT and bilirubin levels in the diagnosis of hepatic diseases. Serum CG can be used as an index for evaluating the activity of chronic hepatitis; it can also be employed as a diagnostic tool in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.
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PMID:A correlative study on serum cholylglycine levels in hepatobiliary disease. 142 17

Eighteen immuno-compromised children (malignancies, hematological diseases, collagen diseases) with neutropenia and infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), and the efficacy and the safety of the drug were evaluated. 1. Responses to IPM/CS were excellent in 13 patients, good in 1, and fair in 4. None of the patients displayed a poor response to the treatment thus the efficacy rate was 77.8%. 2. Of 5 patients with sepsis, 4 had excellent or good responses. IPM/CS was effective against sepsis caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. In patients with severe neutropenia (WBC less than 100/mm3), the efficacy rate was 70%. 4. As for side effects, elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 patient with liver cirrhosis. These results indicate that IPM/CS is safe and effective in immuno-compromised children with neutropenia and infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium against infections in compromised children (malignancy, hematological disease, collagen disease)]. 143 90

Interferon alpha is the only available therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. With interferon alpha 3-15 MU thrice weekly or 5 MU daily during 3-6 months one-third of the patients achieve seroconversion of HBeAg and HBV-DNA together with normalization of aminotransferases and slight improvement of histology. Loss of HBsAg is reported in a minority of responders during treatment, but increases during follow-up. Patients with baseline alanine aminotransferase of at least twice the upper limit of normal and low HBV-DNA concentration achieve the best response rates. HIV-positive patients with low CD4 counts and Asians are poor responders. As side-effects influenza-like symptoms are experienced by almost all patients. Mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and decreased hairgrowth are frequently reported. Severe depression, depersonalization and psychosis are reported in a small number of patients but tend to be poorly recognized in some studies. The decision whether dose reduction is indicated seems strongly related to the opinion of the investigator. Although long-term effects on the occurrence of cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are not available yet, the achieved results are promising.
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PMID:Current status of interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 143 94


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