Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I study of gemcitabine (GEM) and docetaxel (TXT) combination chemotherapy was performed for unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy consisted of a fixed dose of GEM (1,000 mg/m2) on day 1, 8 and an escalated dose of TXT (50, 60, 70 mg/m2) on day 8 every 21 days, > or = 2 courses. Nine patients were entered (each dose level: 3 patients). Leukopenia, neutropenia, GOT increase, GPT increase, anorexia, fatigue, fever, and alopecia occurred, but no dose-limiting toxicity was found at any dose level and no MTD was reached. The recommended dose for the phase II study is GEM 1,000 mg/m2 and TXT 70 mg/m2 with consideration of application to outpatients and continuing courses.
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PMID:[Phase I study of gemcitabine (GEM) and docetaxel (TXT) combination chemotherapy for unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer]. 1246 92

The toxic effects of diet containing 10% of C. senna L. fruits or 10% of N. oleander L. leaves or their 1:1 mixture (5% + 5%) on male Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks were investigated. Diarrhea was a prominent sign of C. senna L. toxicosis. In both phytotoxicities, there were decreases in body weight gains, inefficiency of feed utilization, dullness and enterohepatonephropathy. These findings accompanied by leukopenia and anemia were correlated with alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and other serum constituents. In both phytotoxicities, the ability of the liver to excrete bilirubin remained unchanged. Feeding the mixture of C. senna L. fruits and N. oleander L. leaves caused more serious effects and death of rats. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Toxicological interactions of Cassia senna and Nerium oleander in the diet of rats. 1256 85

A pilot phase I/II study was conducted as a single-institute trial for evaluation of the feasibility and efficacy of a new salvage chemotherapy, CHASE, for patients with refractory or relapsed lymphoma . The CHASE regimen, consisting of cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside, etoposide, and dexamethasone, was administered every 3 weeks in a maximum of 5 courses. A total of 16 patients were eligible and registered for this study. Myelosuppression was the major toxicity. Although grade 4 leukopenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia were identified in 15 and 16 patients, respectively, duration of the nadir was brief (median, 3 days). Nonhematological grade 4 toxicity was not observed, and transient elevations of bilirubin and grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) were observed in 2 and 3 courses, respectively, in a total of 57 courses. Complete and partial response rates were 71.4% (10/14) and 7.1% (1/14), respectively. The median percentage of maximal CD34+ cells was 6.1% on day 15, and a median number of 1.88 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg per apheresis were obtained. Thirteen patients received high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up time of 36 months from the start of CHASE, the overall survival rate for the 16 patients was 66.6%. These results indicated that CHASE is a safe and effective salvage regimen for malignant lymphoma, has sufficient mobilizing effect on peripheral blood stem cells, and warrants further phase II study.
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PMID:Pilot phase I/II study of new salvage therapy (CHASE) for refractory or relapsed malignant lymphoma. 1284 90

Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory diagnostic issues of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) were investigated in a retrospective case study conducted at a national reference laboratory (Focus Technologies, formerly MRL Reference Laboratory), and at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, during 1997 and 1998. Standard questionnaires were sent to physicians for each laboratory-diagnosed patient 2 days to 2 weeks after immunofluorescent antibody assay results were available. Among the 41 cases for which data were obtained, 32 (78%) were definite cases of HME, and 9 (22%) were probable cases of HME. Tick bite or exposure to ticks was recorded in more than 97% of cases. The most prominent clinical findings were fever, abdominal tenderness, and regional lymphadenopathy. There was an association between age and severity of illness. The main laboratory findings included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Clinical and laboratory findings were nonspecific and were not good predictors of the severity of illness. The 90% of patients who received doxycycline treatment underwent rapid clinical improvement with a favorable outcome. The usual duration of effective treatment with doxycycline was 7 to 10 days. This retrospective study is unique because it was based in a commercial reference laboratory setting that receives specimens from different geographic locations. The clinical and laboratory information from 41 patients provides insight into the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of HME.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. 1296 23

Steroid dependency (SD) and frequent relapses (FR) are common with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). We assessed the effectiveness of daily levamisole in 36 children with SSNS with FR and/or SD. Twenty patients (group 1) were given levamisole 2-3 mg/kg q.o.d. for 4-24 months. Sixteen (group 2) had relapses within 3 months: 5 received levamisole q.d. for 3-18 months, and 11 q.d. for 6 months and then q.o.d. for 4-18 months. Follow-up was 4-36 (mean 20.4 +/- 9.2) months. After therapy, relapses (4.82 +/- 3.15 vs. 2.01 +/- 2.5 in group 1; 5.97 +/- 3.38 vs. 1.34 +/- 2.1 in group 2; p < 0.05) and prednisolone doses (0.57 +/- 0.37 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.33 mg/kg/day in group 1; 0.61 +/- 0.42 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.35 mg/kg/day in group 2; p < 0.05) decreased. Relapse frequency, prednisolone dose, response percentage, and survival curves for remission did not differ between groups. Group 1 had five episodes of leukopenia, and group 2 had four. White blood cell counts normalized after levamisole was discontinued. Serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels were normal. Levamisole is effective in maintaining remission in children with SSNS and FR and/or SD. Daily levamisole can be considered when responses to q.o.d. usage are unsatisfactory.
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PMID:Levamisole in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome children with frequent relapses and/or steroid dependency: comparison of daily and every-other-day usage. 1533 36

A 16-year-old Caucasian girl of Albanian origin was admitted to the hospital complaining of intermittent fever (38 degrees C) for a week, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal laboratory findings (elevated serum aminotransferases levels AST/ALT 77/40 U/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 80 mm/first hour, as well as leukopenia 2.5 x 10(3)/mm3), which were found in a blood examination. Physical examination revealed slight hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, as well as cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. A diagnostic open lymph node biopsy was performed and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) was established based on the characteristic histological pattern. Other abnormal laboratory findings were C-reactive protein 6.8 mg/dl and serum lactate dehydrogenase 900 U/l. Her history included a diarrhoea syndrome 2 months before the present admission, during the summer holidays, for which she was treated with metronidazole. At that time, characteristic cysts of giardia lamblia intestinalis were observed in the stools. Herein, we present this case hypothesising that the protozoal infection caused by the giardia lamblia intestinalis was probably triggering an immune response leading to KFD. The patient's age in combination with this firstly reported protozoal pathogen, as a triggering agent leading to KFD, consist a very interesting originality. Additionally, some review data is also given.
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PMID:Giardia lamblia intestinalis: a new pathogen with possible link to Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. An additional element in the disease jigsaw. 1564 21

A late phase II clinical study (II) of a novel vinca alkaloid derivative KW-2307 (vinorelbine ditartrate) in advanced/recurrent breast cancer patients was performed at 22 institutions throughout Japan. An intravenous dose of KW-2307, 20 mg/m2, was administered once a week. Of the 60 patients enrolled in the study, 58 were eligible and 56 were evaluable. The response rate was 33.9% (19/56; 95% confidence interval: 21.8 to 47.8%) with one CR and 18 PRs. The response rate was as high as 37.0% (17/46; 95% confidence interval: 23.2 to 52.5%) when KW-2307 was used as a first-line chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent disease. The most common adverse event was myelosuppression including leukopenia in 96.4% (54/56) and neutropenia in 94.3% (50/53). Other events observed were increased GOT in 51.8% (29/56), increased GPT in 55.4% (31/56), LDH increased in 50.0% (27/54), serum total protein decrease in 39.3% (22/56), anorexia in 41.1% (23/56), nausea and vomiting in 66.1% (37/56), constipation in 30.4% (17/56), alopecia in 33.9% (19/56) and general fatigue in 46.4% (26/56). None of them were serious. This study demonstrated that KW-2307 was an effective and safe treatment for advanced/recurrent breast cancer patients.
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PMID:[Late phase II clinical study of KW-2307 in advanced/recurrent breast cancer patients (II)]. 1604 60

A descriptive observational study was conducted to identify the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and markers for early diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection in adults. We enrolled 404 patients over a period of two years, beginning from 2001, at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Based on serology, 239 patients were grouped as: IgM 43 (18%), IgG and IgM 140 (58%), and IgG 28 (12%). The clinically diagnosed group without serology numbered 165 patients. Most of the parameters between groups showed a similar pattern: mean age of 30 years, mean duration of fever 7 days (range 1-19 days). Mean total white blood cell and platelet counts started to fall from the second day of fever, with the lowest counts on the 5th to 7th days. Packed cell volume (PCV) showed minimum fluctuation. One hundred and sixty (88%) patients showed elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST), with 122 of them having a two-fold increase. Three patients died, and complications such as myocarditis, large effusions, encephalopathy, acute renal failure, acute liver failure and diarrhea were observed. These results suggest that a combination of clinical picture, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes could be used as markers for early diagnosis of dengue infection. Furthermore, evidence-based guidelines should be developed for managing dengue infection in adults.
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory investigations and early diagnosis of dengue fever in adults: a descriptive study in Sri Lanka. 1612 39

In this study one spleen-intact dog (A) and two splenectomised dogs (BSE, CSE) were infected with Babesia canis. All animals developed an acute disease characterised by fever, haemoglobinuria and anaemia, the latter being more severe in the splenectomised dogs. Fever and parasitised red blood cells were detected for three days after imidocarb treatment in the splenectomised animals. Haematological abnormalities included regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia (due to neutropenia and lymphopenia) in the acute phase, soon followed by leukocytosis, neutrophilia and left shift a few days later. Acute hepatopathy was detected in all dogs with elevated ALT activity, which was more seriously altered in the splenectomised dogs. Diffuse changes in liver structure and hepatomegaly were seen by ultrasonography. Liver biopsy and histology revealed acute, non-purulent hepatitis in the splenectomised dogs. Both splenectomised dogs were successfully cured after collection of 400 ml highly parasitised blood, proving that large-amount antigen production is possible with rescuing the experimental animals. Whole blood transfusion, imidocarb and supportive care with infusions, antipyretics, glucocorticoids and diuretics were applied. The spleen-intact dog clinically recovered after receiving supportive treatment, with no imidocarb therapy. Microbial infections developed in both splenectomised animals (BSE: haemobartonellosis, CSE: osteomyelitis caused by Escherichia coli), probably as a consequence of immunosuppression after splenectomy and glucocorticoid therapy.
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PMID:Clinicopathological changes and effect of imidocarb therapy in dogs experimentally infected with Babesia canis. 1661 23

The efficacy and safety of temozolomide were evaluated in 32 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse. Temozolomide was administered orally once daily for the first five days of a 28-day cycle, at a dose of 150 or 200 mg/m(2)/day. The response rate determined by independent central review of MRI was 34% (95% confidence interval: 18.6%-53.2%), with 3 complete response and 8 partial response. The rate of "no change or better" was 91% (95% confidence interval: 75.0%-98.0%). Progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was 40.6%, and the median PFS was 4.1 months. The incidence of constipation (50%) and nausea (25%) was high,but these events were all mild or moderate in severity except in one subject with constipation,and could be managed with standard laxatives and antiemetics. The main laboratory test abnormalities (total incidence and incidence of grade 3/4 change) were lymphocytopenia (50%, 25%), neutropenia (47%, 6%), leukopenia (38%, 3%), thrombocytopenia (31%, 9%), and increased GPT (25%, 3%). Temozolomide was shown to have good efficacy and tolerability in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse--a phase II clinical study]. 1696 25


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