Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten children, three girls and seven boys, aged 4-10 years, were admitted with benign acute childhood myositis during spring and winter months (March 1988 to March 1990). They presented with an acute onset of symmetrical calf muscle pain and tenderness, weakness and inability to walk a few days after a flu-like illness. All had raised serum creatine kinase and a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the majority had low peripheral white blood cell counts with relative lymphocytosis. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to be raised in four patients. Virological studies performed in six children gave negative results. Full clinical recovery was achieved within 1-7 days. One child developed a second episode. These ten cases of benign acute childhood myositis are the first to be reported from this region.
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PMID:Benign acute childhood myositis in Kuwait. 128 48

Interferon alpha is the only available therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. With interferon alpha 3-15 MU thrice weekly or 5 MU daily during 3-6 months one-third of the patients achieve seroconversion of HBeAg and HBV-DNA together with normalization of aminotransferases and slight improvement of histology. Loss of HBsAg is reported in a minority of responders during treatment, but increases during follow-up. Patients with baseline alanine aminotransferase of at least twice the upper limit of normal and low HBV-DNA concentration achieve the best response rates. HIV-positive patients with low CD4 counts and Asians are poor responders. As side-effects influenza-like symptoms are experienced by almost all patients. Mild leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and decreased hairgrowth are frequently reported. Severe depression, depersonalization and psychosis are reported in a small number of patients but tend to be poorly recognized in some studies. The decision whether dose reduction is indicated seems strongly related to the opinion of the investigator. Although long-term effects on the occurrence of cirrhosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are not available yet, the achieved results are promising.
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PMID:Current status of interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 143 94

Alpha-interferon has emerged as the most effective agent for the treatment of chronic hepatitis when active replication of virus B, C, or D is present. Exogenous administration of human alpha-interferon, now possible through modern large-scale production methods, is associated with suppression of virus in blood. Amelioration of liver disease occurs in 35% of patients with hepatitis B virus and in 50% with hepatitis C virus with interferon doses of 30 and 10 MU per week, respectively, for 16-26 weeks; after therapy, persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase is observed in 35% and 27%, respectively. Similar results have now also been reported for chronic hepatitis D. Enhanced response rates (greater than 50%) may be obtained by prolonged intermittent interferon therapy. Combination of interferon with another 'antiviral' agent (vidarabine, acyclovir, prednisone) has not increased therapeutic efficacy. Alpha-interferon induces side effects such as fatigue, flu-like syndrome, myalgia, and changes in mood and granulocytes. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are particularly prone to bacterial infection and disease exacerbation and should receive lower doses. Interferon, when applied skillfully, induces the highly beneficial transition of active viral replication into viral latency, thereby greatly reducing infectivity, symptoms, and activity of the liver disease. Prevention of death from liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma is to be expected.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis anno 1990. 212 46

Comparison of large groups of patients with acute viral hepatitis A (HA), B (HB) and non-A, non-B (HNANB) revealed that the highest percentage of anicteric forms is found in HA (44.8%) followed by HNANB (27.3%) and the lowest percentage in HB (23.6%). Investigation of mean values of biochemical functional liver tests showed that 1. the highest mean values of bilirubinaemia, ALT and AST were recorded in HB. The differences are statistically significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the two remaining types. 2. The difference between the cholesterol serum level, GMT and ALP in HB and HNANB on the one hand and HA on the other hand was at the same level of significance. 3. The transaminase activity is only slightly higher in HA than in HNANB, the differences are not significant (p greater than 0.05). 4. The cholestatic features are more marked in HNANB than in HA. The differences are also significant (p less than 0.01). In the clinical picture in acute HNANB symptoms of influenza predominated (53.33%), followed by digestive complaints (47.5%) and the percentage of articular complaints was lowest (24.17%). Analysis of 24 cases of fulminant forms of viral hepatitis revealed that this course was most frequent in HB (50%), followed by HNANB (41.7%) and least frequent in HA (8.3%).
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PMID:[Clinical problems in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. II. Clinical picture of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis in the acute stage]. 212 47

A total of 740 consecutive children aged between 6 months and 12 years who presented with acute encephalopathic illnesses during a three year period were assessed both clinically and by laboratory investigations. Cerebrospinal fluid was examined for the presence of cells or other abnormal substances, and any organisms were cultured. Blood examination included white cell count and estimations of haemoglobin, urea, glucose, and electrolyte concentrations and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. A firm diagnosis was established in 278 patients (38%). Pyogenic meningitis (n = 134), measles encephalopathy (n = 38), and electrolyte imbalance (n = 23) were important causes in this group, cerebral malaria (n = 4) was uncommon and there were no cases of Reye's syndrome. The diagnoses of the remaining 462 were combined under the heading 'acute unexplained encephalopathy'. Altogether 394 of the 462 patients underwent virological investigations for arboviruses and 92 (23%) had one or more indicators of Japanese encephalitis. No other arboviruses could be isolated. Throat swabs from 187 patients with acute unexplained encephalopathy were studied on monkey kidney tissue cell lines of which 14 were positive (8%). These were identified as adenovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, poliomyelitis, Coxsackie, and echovirus; in two cases the virus was untypable. Japanese encephalitis is an important cause of acute childhood encephalopathy in this region. Clinical features of the illness may be mimicked by several disorders which require specific treatment. Thirty four of the 92 died (37%).
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PMID:Virological investigations of acute encephalopathy in India. 203 25

During the last week of December 1989, an outbreak of respiratory system infection involved 32 hospital personnel and 2 patients was detected in Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital. White blood cells count of the patients were either normal or there were a slight leucopenia. Throat cultures of the most patients were normal. Serum ASO, CRP, bilirubin, AST and ALT were usually within normal limits. According to symptoms, signs and laboratory data we considered a viral disease, especially influenza. All patients recovered without any sequelae. Of 34 in-patients, 8 paired sera, 2 acute phase sera, and 10 convalescent phase sera were tested for the presence of Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) antibody to three influenza virus strains recommended by WHO in the 1989-1990 season: Influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1 N1), Influenza A/Shanghai/11/87 (H3 N2), Influenza B/Victoria/2/87. All of the sera were negative for Influenza B/Victoria/2/87. There were no significant rises in HT antibody titer for Influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1 N1). The sera for 4 of 8 patients examined both acute and convalescent phase sera had fourfold or greater rise in HI antibody for Influenza A/Shanghai/11/87 (H3 N2). Four patients examined only convalescent sera had 1/40 or greater rises in HI antibody for this influenza subtype. It was considered that this influenza outbreak was probably caused by Influenza A/Shanghai/11/87 (H3 N2).
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PMID:[An outbreak of influenza in hospital personnel]. 228 92

We measured activities of alpha- and gamma-interferon simultaneously in 198 sera of 70 patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis using specific and sensitive enzyme immunoassay and immunoradiometric assay. The results were compared with those in patients with influenza and in healthy controls. Twelve out of 28 patients with acute viral hepatitis showed positive alpha-IFN and/or gamma-IFN activities. alpha-IFN was detectable throughout the clinical course while gamma-IFN levels rose in the convalescent phase regardless of etiology. Conversely, in patients with influenza, both alpha-IFN and gamma-IFN levels of initial samples tended to be higher than those of late samples. Six out of 12 patients with chronic active type B hepatitis showed increased alpha-IFN and/or gamma-IFN values during acute deterioration with marked elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase. However, the two interferons did not always appear simultaneously, although either was detectable in both acute and chronic hepatitis. Enhanced alpha-IFN or gamma-IFN activity was not found in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B carriers or in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, with the exception of 2 cases. Our results indicated that circulating multiple IFN species were present during the clinical course in some patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
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PMID:Serum levels of alpha-interferon and gamma-interferon in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis. 249 28

A clinical Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) was performed in patients with malignant tumors; twenty of them received an American product and seven others a domestic product. Both products were administered in single intramuscularly injected doses of 18, 36, 50, 75 and 100 X 10(6)U. Main side effects included fever and influenza-like symptoms (headache, chill/shivering, general fatigue, lumbago), and digestive symptoms (anorexia, nausea/vomiting). Numbness of fingers or limbs and somnolence were also observed in higher dose groups, but these symptoms all disappeared on the day of administration or by the 3rd day after administration. Abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, granulocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased GOT/GPT/LDH, but these returned to normal by the 10th day after administration. The peak blood concentration was correlated with the dose, falling to the base line 72 hr after administration. The American product and the domestic product were nearly comparable in the type and incidence of their side effects, and also produced generally comparable blood concentrations. Furthermore, increased anti-IFN-alpha antibody titer was not observed in any of the patients; and the Prick Test proved negative in all of them. No significant changes were observed in any immunological parameters, either.
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PMID:[Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) in patients with malignant tumors]. 400 81

Clinicians and nurses should obtain a history of antecedent illness occurring within 2 weeks of the onset of vomiting. Ninety percent of school-age children will give a history of an antecedent illness (varicella or influenza-like respiratory illness) within 1 week of the onset of vomiting. The vomiting of Reye's syndrome is usually persistent, lasting for 24 to 96 hours before the onset of serious brain signs. We believe that any child with the history of flu or chickenpox within 1 week of the onset of vomiting, which lasts for more than 12 hours, and is unusually severe or is associated with lethargy, should have an SGPT (alanine aminotransferase). This laboratory measure is clearly elevated in most cases of Reye's syndrome.
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PMID:Management of Reye's syndrome: need for early diagnosis and intravenous treatment of stage I non-comatose cases. 402 67

In the course of the A/Brazil (H1N1) outbreak of 1978-1979, two cases of Reye's syndrome occurred in Grayling, Michigan, an area with a county-wide population of 2056 school age children. School absenteeism peaked at levels between 16-28 per cent. Clinical histories and paired blood specimens were collected from 860 school children; the initial blood was obtained shortly after the peak of the outbreak. Serologic results confirmed that type A H1N1 virus was the cause of the outbreak. Serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values were determined on all initial blood specimens and a sample of the second specimens. CPK results did not correlate with infection, illness or SGPT values. SGPT values of 60 IU/l or greater were found in 1.5 per cent of those tested. The elevated values were not associated with illness but were associated with influenza infection. Based on the excess number with elevated results in those with recent infection, it is estimated that at least 2.7 per cent of individuals infected by type A (H1N1) influenza had associated elevated SGPT.
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PMID:Liver function abnormalities in the course of a type A (H1N1) influenza outbreak: relation to Reye's syndrome. 730 2


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