Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical picture of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) may significantly vary in pediatric age, ranging from euthyroidism to subclinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism; only rarely HT presentation may be characterized by a severe hypothyroidism also in pediatric age. Here we describe a 3-year-old Caucasian girl who was admitted to our Clinic due to pericardial effusion, muscle weakness and weight gain. At clinical examination, she presented with bradycardia, pale and round face, pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles and no pitting edema of the limbs. Routine blood investigations showed high serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels, low serum ceruloplasmin without clinical signs of Wilson's disease, dyslipidemia. Thyroid function tests revealed a picture of severe hypothyroidism associated with HT. After the replacement treatment with L-T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels gradually decreased, with concomitant resolution of pericardial effusion and normalization of ceruloplasmin levels.
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PMID:Hypoceruloplasminemia: an unusual biochemical finding in a girl with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and severe hypothyroidism. 3051 77

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is identified as a potential biomarker for liver diseases. However, information is limited regarding serum FGF21 and impaired liver function in hyperthyroidism. We aim to determine the potential association of serum FGF21 levels with impaired liver enzymes in hyperthyroid patients. In this case-control study, 105 normal subjects and 122 overt hyperthyroid patients were included. Among them, 41 hyperthyroid patients who obtained euthyroid status after thionamide treatment received second visit. Serum FGF21 levels were determined using the ELISA method. Compared to the normal subjects, patients with hyperthyroidism had significantly elevated serum liver enzymes, including alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001) levels, as well as FGF21 levels (p < 0.001). Further analysis showed serum FGF21 (p < 0.05), as well as thyroid hormone (TH) free T3 (p < 0.05), free T4 (p < 0.05) levels were higher in hyperthyroid patients with impaired liver enzymes than in those with normal liver enzymes. After reversal of hyperthyroid state, elevated serum FGF21 levels in hyperthyroid patients declined significantly (p < 0.001), with a concomitant decrease in serum ALT (p < 0.001), AST (p < 0.001) levels. Correlation analysis showed close correlation between FGF21 and ALT (p < 0.002), AST (p < 0.012), free T3 (p < 0.001), free T4 (p < 0.001). Further logistic regression analysis revealed FGF21 is significantly associated with elevated ALT [Odds Ratio, OR 1.79, (95% confidence interval, CI), (1.30-2.47), P < 0.001], AST [1.59 (1.07-2.34), p < 0.020]. After adjustment of potential confounders, the association between FGF21 and elevated ALT remained significant [1.42 (1.01-1.99), p < 0.043]. In conclusion, serum FGF21 is independently associated with impaired liver enzymes in hyperthyroid patients.
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PMID:Independent Association of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels With Impaired Liver Enzymes in Hyperthyroid Patients. 3069 65

Objective: To study subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD)-subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism-in Chinese patients in relation to body mass index (BMI) and to determine whether a difference between sexes exists. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 13,503 healthy participants (8,345 male, 5,158 female) who participated in a health examination. Clinical data, including anthropometric measurements and serum parameters, were collected. The association between SCTD and the BMI of each sex was analyzed separately by stratifying the data by SCTD type and regarding BMI as a categorical or as a continuous variable in different models. The odds ratio of SCTD was calculated from binary logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of both subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly lower in males compared to females. For subclinical hypothyroidism, we found no significant association with BMI in females. In males, there was a significant negative relationship between BMI and subclinical hypothyroidism. For subclinical hyperthyroidism, we did not find any significant relationship with BMI in either sex after stratifying the data and treating BMI as a categorical or as a continuous variable. Conclusion: For subclinical hyperthyroidism, no significant effect was found in either sex. For subclinical hypothyroidism, high BMI was associated with lower rates of subclinical hypothyroidism in males, and no significant correlation was found in females. The mechanism of this sex-specific association between BMI and SCTD needs more verification. Abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CI = confidence interval; Cr = creatinine; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FG = fasting glucose; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; FT4 = free thyroxine; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; OR = odds ratio; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SCTD = subclinical thyroid dysfunction; TBIL = total bilirubin; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglyceride; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; UA = uric acid; WBC = white blood cell; WC = waist circumference.
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PMID:THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND SUBCLINICAL THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN DIFFERENT SEXES OF CHINESE. 3141 5

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of the antithyroid drugs propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI)/carbimazole (CMZ) in treating hyperthyroidism. Methods: Qualitative analysis was performed for studies identified in a literature search up to April 20, 2019, and 30 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The study designs included case-control, randomized controlled, and retrospective cohort. Patients were in four age groups: childhood, gestating mothers, older adults, and other ages, and all were receiving PTU or MMI/CMZ. Adverse reactions to MMI/CMZ and PTU were evaluated and compared. Results: Odds of liver function injury were higher in the PTU group than in the MMI/CMZ group (odds ratio [OR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 4.96; P = .02). Odds of elevated transaminase were much higher in the PTU group than in the MMI/CMZ group (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.49 to 6.28; P<.00001). No significant between-group differences were found in odds of elevated bilirubin, agranulocytosis, rash, or urticaria; incidence of other adverse events; or in children. Odds of birth defects during the first trimester of pregnancy were higher in the MMI/CMZ group than in the PTU group (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.53; P = .003). Conclusion: The impact of PTU on liver injury and transaminase levels is greater than that of MMI/CMZ, but no significant between-group differences are found in the drugs' effects on bilirubin, agranulocytosis and rash, urticaria, or in children. In treating pregnancy-related hyperthyroidism, PTU should be used in the first trimester and MMI reserved for use in late pregnancy. Abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; ATD = antithyroid drug; CI = confidence interval; CMZ = carbimazole; GD = Graves disease; MMI = methimazole; MTU = methylthiouracil; NOS = Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; OR = odds ratio; PTU = propylthiouracil; RAI = radioactive iodine.
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PMID:SIDE EFFECTS OF PTU AND MMI IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. 3165 2


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