Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A female patient developed a recurrent hepatitis-like liver damage after ingestion of a laxative containing 4,4'-(2-quinolyl-methylene)-diphenol-hydrochloride. After cessation of the drug the clinical picture improved. The hyperbilirubinemia decreased and the definitely elevated GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GTP became normal. Histologically hepato-cellular damage was seen with intra-hepatic cholestasis. As a cause for these symptoms, resembling those after taking oxyphenisatin-containing preparations, immunological procedures were thought responsible, such as "unpredictable hepatic drug reactions".
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PMID:[Liver damage caused by laxatives. A contribution to the hepatotoxicity of 4,4'-(2-quinolylmethylene)-diphenol-hydrochloride]. 16 54

From 1972 to 1974, 8 intraabdominal postoperative suppurations due to Bacteroides have been observed at Hospital Beaujon. Three characteristic features of such infections have been analysed: the high frequency of associated jaundice; the difficulty of isolation of the Bacteroides; their specific sensitivity to some antibiotics. In 5 patients, jaundice related to the bacterial infection has been observed; jaundice was of the cholestatic type; it was mainly due to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia; in approximately 50 p.cent of the cases, serum alkalin phosphatases activity and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity were moderately elevated; the presence of jaundice did not seem to have any influence on the prognosis. The frequent association to Bacteroids of enterobacteria makes isolation of the Bacteroides difficult. The necessity of some precautions in the handling (storage at 4 degrees C or immediate inoculation in anaerobic conditions) is emphasized. Bacteroides are always resistant to penicillin and to the other broad spectrum antibiotics usually effective enterobacteria. They are sensitive to tetracyclins (5/8), lincomycin (2/4), clindamycin (2/3), rifampicin (8/8), pristinamycin (7/7), carbenicillin (3/3), erythromycin (8/8) and chloramphenicol (8/8).
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PMID:[Postoperative intraabdominal suppurations due to Ristella. Clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic characteristics]. 112 59

The authors report the clinical, biochemical, histological and etiologic characteristics of 24 patients with the syndrome of benign intra-hepatic post-operative cholestasis. Jaundice appeared early in the post-operative period, from the first to the 12th post-operative day. All patients had received blood transfusions. In 23 patients, the post-operative course was complicated, chiefly by local infection or septicemia. Hyperbilirubinemia ranged from 2 to 28 mg per 100 ml and was mainly conjugated; serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal or moderately elevated; in 3 patients, it was markedly elevated; serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity was normal on 7 patients, moderatly increased in 15, and markedly increased in one. Liver histology was normal in 6 patients, and showed minimal lesions (cholestasis and slight portal inflammatory changes) in 3. Jaundice did not appear to modify the final outcome. It appears to be due both to increased production of bilirubin (as a result of blood transfusions) and to decreased excretion of bilirubin by the liver (as a result of the surgical operation and of infection).
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PMID:[Benign postoperative intrahepatic cholestasis]. 117 77

Knowledge of the natural history of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn is essential in order to anticipate complications and assess the potential benefit from antiviral therapy. To define the disease course we reviewed data on 106 neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV infection diagnosed and managed by the investigators. Petechiae, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were each noted in 70% or more patients. Microcephaly was noted in 54 of 102 (53%) at birth. Elevated alanine aminotransferase, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia were seen in 83, 81 and 77%, respectively. Eighty-six percent had at least two of the manifestations highly suggestive of congenital infection. Platelet count fell to its nadir during the second week of life whereas elevated alanine aminotransferase and direct bilirubin persisted past the first month. In spite of the difficulty in assessing central nervous system function in the newborn, evidence of damage was present in the majority. Seventy-two had microcephaly, poor suck, lethargy/hypotonia or seizures. Abnormal computerized tomographic scan was present in 16 of 20 (80%) and decreased hearing in 20 of 39 (56%). Cerebrospinal fluid protein was greater than 120 mg/dl in 24 of 52 (46%) and this elevation was associated with neurologic abnormalities as well as hearing loss. The mean length of hospital stay was 13 and 22.4 days for term and preterm infants, relatively. Thirteen infants (12%) died during the first 6 weeks of life. Disseminated CMV infection with multiorgan involvement was evident in 7 of 9 at postmortem examination. We conclude that neonates with symptomatic congenital CMV infection have a multi-system disease with significant morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: neonatal morbidity and mortality. 131 Oct 66

In order to elucidate the frequency of hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis in the elderly, as well as in clinical and histological characteristics, a total of 117 autopsy cases with sepsis were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the clinico-pathological findings, 48 cases with primary hepato-biliary, cardiac, hematological and shock complications, were excluded because these disorders were thought to affect liver function tests. Four cases out of the remaining 69 cases, 5.8% of the total, showed hyperbilirubinemia above 2 mg/dl (average 4.1 mg/dl), which was thought to be associated with sepsis itself. In these 4 cases, disproportionately high levels of blood total bilirubin were characteristic compared to changes of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP and gamma-GTP levels. Blood culture of these 4 cases revealed Gram-negative organisms in 3 cases and Gram-positive in 1 case. Histological findings of the liver included cholestasis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia and cell infiltration in the sinusoid and portal areas, however these findings were mild and nonspecific. It is important to recognize the presence of hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis in order to properly treat febrile elderly patients with hyperbilirubinemia.
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PMID:[Hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis in the elderly]. 159 86

Blood serum free vitamin B12, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase levels were measured and thymol test made in 168 patients with viral hepatitis A, 13 with chronic hepatitis, 8 with mechanical jaundice of neoplastic origin, 7 with calculous cholecystitis, and 8 with functional hyperbilirubinemia by the microbiologic methods. Elevated blood serum levels of free vitamin B12, conforming to the disease severity and stage, were revealed in the patients with viral hepatitis A, chronic active hepatitis, and mechanical jaundice of a neoplastic origin with liver involvement. Correlations between cobalaminemia and other functional liver tests were observed. Therefore blood serum vitamin B12 measurements may be used for the assessment of the disease activity and severity of liver parenchyma injury.
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PMID:[The blood level of cobalamin as an indicator of the functional status of the liver in jaundice of different etiologies]. 172 43

To analyze causes of postoperative hepatic and renal dysfunction in patients with thoracic aneurysm, we examined 31 patients who survived surgeries and 2 patients died of MOF. The patients were separated into three groups as follows; Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used for circulatory support in group A (n = 7), CPB and low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis in group B (n = 13) and temporary bypass or left atrial distal aorta arterial bypass was used in group C (n = 11). Operation time was significantly longer in group A (9.8 hrs) compared with group C (6.1 hrs). Amount of intraoperative blood transfusion was greater in groups A (4980 ml) and B (4860 ml) compared with group C (2320 ml). Postoperative highest total bilirubin level was significantly greater in group A (7.8 mg/dl) than group C (2.5 mg/dl). LDH was higher in groups A (1322 IU/l) and B (1336 IU/l) than group C (991 IU/l). GOT was higher in group B (200 IU/l) than group C (64 IU/l). There were no significant differences in GPT, creatinine and BUN among the three groups. Operation time and amount of intraoperative blood transfusion were positively correlated with postoperative hepatic function parameters. Two patients died of MOF showed severe hepato-renal dysfunction associated with LOS. The results indicate that hypothermic low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis do not induce hepatic or renal dysfunction, and postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is resulted from bilirubin overload which patients can tolerate well if they are not complicated with MOF.
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PMID:[Analysis of hepatic and renal dysfunction after surgery of thoracic aneurysm]. 195 30

Among 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in Taiwan, 27 were females and the median age of symptom onset was 54.5 years. Most had similar clinical manifestations to those reported in the Western countries, but ascites and oesophageal varices as commonly found at the late stages of cirrhosis of liver were noted in nine patients (30%) and 13 patients (43%) respectively. Only one patient was asymptomatic. Hyperbilirubinaemia was noted in 21 patients (70%) and hypoalbuminaemia in 8 patients (27%). All patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase and 28 (93%) had antimitochondrial antibodies. Ten out of 21 patients (48%) were positive in antinuclear antibodies, of which most were of speckled type. Sixteen out of 18 patients (89%) had elevated serum IgM levels. Interestingly, only one of 26 patients (3.8%) was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, in contrast to its high prevalence (15%) in the Taiwan population. Special associated diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, malignant lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, were each noted in one patient respectively. Eight patients had a history of gallstones before the diagnosis of PBC. The mean follow-up period was 23.6 +/- 19.8 months, and nine patients died during that period. In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of PBC in Taiwan are similar to those in Western countries, but most of our cases were at later stages.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis in Taiwan. 212 28

Spontaneous cholelithiasis was found in seven owl monkeys (Aotus spp.) at necropsy. There were four male and three female animals. Antemortem clinicopathologic findings included weight loss, anemia, increased alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and hyperbilirubinemia in several animals. Choleliths ranged in size from sand-like particles to 5 mm in diameter. Gallstones from five animals were analyzed by accepted analytical methods. Results showed the gallstones to be composed primarily of cholesterol (89%). The gallbladder was histologically normal in all cases examined. The etiopathogenesis of cholelithiasis in the owl monkey is unknown.
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PMID:Cholelithiasis in owl monkeys: seven cases. 217 29

We reviewed the clinical presentation, subsequent course, and outcome of 98 patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency seen at our institution during the past 20 years to obtain answers to the following questions: (1) What prognostic factors aid in determining the course of liver disease in affected patients? (2) When is the appropriate time for referral to a liver transplant center? (3) Does breast-feeding prevent chronic liver disease? (4) What is the incidence of severe liver disease in family members? Our analysis revealed that the initial values of alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time, and trypsin inhibitory capacity may have prognostic value. During clinical follow-up the recurrence or persistence of hyperbilirubinemia along with deteriorating results of coagulation studies indicated the need for liver transplantation because of imminent poor outcome. Girls had a worse prognosis than boys. Initial breast-feeding versus feeding of commercial formulas did not influence overall overcome. The incidence of significant liver disease among "at risk" siblings was 21% (3/14); if one assumes mendelian inheritance from heterozygous parents, the overall risk for siblings in our families was 5%.
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PMID:Liver disease in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: prognostic indicators. 224 82


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