Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-HBc IgM was evaluated by testing 202 sera from acute viral hepatitis B (AVHB), hepatitis B (HB), chronic hepatitis (CAH), chronic liver disease (CLD), cirrhosis, primary hepatoma, HBsAg carrier, acute viral hepatitis A (AVHA), hepatitis A (HA), non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and miscellaneous conditions other than hepatic disease, and 19 additional various hepatic disease cases were examined for anti-delta. In clinical situations the accurate diagnosis of HB is not always possible and the differential diagnosis seems to be very important especially in making decisions of treatment and estimation of prognosis. In overall cases the highest positive rate of anti-HBc IgM was found in AVHB as shown as 74.3% (26/35) comparing to other conditions in which the positive rate was extremely low (2.1%). The anti-HBc IgM appeared to be highly specific to AVHB (83.9%) as compared to the other. The positive rate of HBsAg was high in AVHB, CAH and HBsAg carrier (100.0%) followed by CLD, cirrhosis and HB (up to 70.8%). The ALT activities and ALPalb fractions were significantly high in AVHB (p less than 0.005). The correlation between the positivity of anti-HBc IgM and highly abnormal ALT appeared be high. AVHB was confined mostly to 10-20 age group and the male to female ratio was about 6 to 1. Subgroup of AVHB II with positive anti-HBc IgM appeared to have a greater chance being positive for HBsAg and ALPalb. The S/N ratio of anti-HBc IgM was as high as 20 which was unique to AVHB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anti-HBc IgM and anti-delta screening by EIA method. 307 4

HBV DNA was measured in the sera of 69 patients with hepatitis B virus infections. Sixteen patients had acute hepatitis B, 24 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 6 had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 5 had cirrhosis without CAH and 18 were asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. In patients with acute hepatitis B who recovered, HBV DNA was present in the serum transiently early in the illness. HBV DNA persisted in the serum in the two patients who developed chronic hepatitis. Sera of 23 of 24 patients with CAH were persistently positive for HBV DNA. There was no relationship between the quantity of HBV DNA in the serum and the histological intensity of activity. Thirteen of the 24 patients with CAH had histological evidence of cirrhosis in addition to CAH and HBV DNA was detected in the sera of all 13. The sera of 2 of 6 patients with CPH were positive for HBV DNA. In one it was positive only where there was clinical evidence of reactivation of HBV infection. The other patient subsequently developed CAH. Sera of 5 patients with established HBsAg positive cirrhosis but without evidence of CAH were negative for HBV DNA. Two of these patients had hepatocellular carcinoma. Sera of 18 asymptomatic anti-HBe positive carriers with normal ALT were negative for HBV DNA. HBeAg and HBV DNA were not always found in the serum together. In acute hepatitis 5 patients with HBV DNA in the serum were HBeAg positive, but in 6 patients the sera were HBeAg positive inthe absenceof HBV DNA.
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PMID:Serum HBV-DNA (hepatitis B virus DNA) in acute and chronic hepatitis B infection. 316 50

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect circulating autoantibodies to three liver cell membrane surface antigens, i.e., liver cell membrane specific antigen (LCM), liver specific lipoprotein (LSP), and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP). In autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune CAH), the positive rate and mean titer (normal range, less than 5.5 units) for anti-LCM were 100% and 13.5 units before corticosteroid treatment and 100% and 9.9 units during the treatment. The corresponding values for anti-LSP were 84% and 11.8 units, and 81% and 8.9 units, and those for anti-THGP were 84% and 12.3 units, and 81% and 7.9 units. In an autoimmune CAH patient, elevation of the plasma levels of autoantibodies during the treatment apparently preceded the elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). However, the ALT elevation induced by transcatheter arterial embolization was not associated with the elevation of these autoantibodies in an autoimmune CAH patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. In primary biliary cirrhosis, drug-induced hepatitis, and non-hepatic immunological disorders, the production of the three autoantibodies did not directly correlate with liver cell damage. These findings suggest that the elevation of autoantibodies against LCM, LSP, and THGP can be a useful guide for the prednisolone treatment of autoimmune CAH.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of autoantibodies to liver cell membrane specific antigen, liver specific lipoprotein, and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. 356 52

We measured the activity of carnosinase, a prominent hepatic peptidase, in sera from 69 patients with liver disorders. Mean values (and SDs) for those with liver cirrhosis (17 cases) and hepatoma (seven cases) were 0.51 (0.28) and 0.68 (0.21) mumol/mL per hour, respectively--clearly less than for normal adults: 4.19 (0.95) mumol/mL per hour. Samples from 17 cases of chronic hepatitis also showed moderately decreased activity, 1.41 (0.97) mumol/mL per hour. In contrast, 14 cases of acute hepatitis generally showed values falling within the normal limits: 3.41 (1.97) mumol/mL per hour. Our results for carnosinase correlated with those for cholinesterase (r = 0.70) and with the concentration of albumin in serum (r = 0.59), but not with the activity of either creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase in serum. Carnosinase values differed more among groups of disorders than did the values for cholinesterase or albumin. Measurement of serum carnosinase activity may be of clinical value in assessing the severity of chronic liver-cell damage, but not in differentiating liver disease from nutritional, muscle, or endocrine disorders.
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PMID:Decreased activity of carnosinase in serum of patients with chronic liver disorders. 373 53

The expression of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), an enzyme that is inducible in the liver, has been examined in somatic hybrid cells formed by crossing well-differentiated rat hepatoma cells with rat diploid epithelial cells, the former characterized by high activity and inducibility of the enzyme, and the latter by the absence of detectable activity. The hybrid cells that contain essentially complete chromosomal sets of the two parents show only very low activity and little inducibility. Among numerous "segregated" hybrid subclones, which have lost up to 40% of the chromosomes initially present, several show expression of intermediate levels of enzyme activity and very little inducibility, and two independent subclones are characterized by full re-expression of both baseline and inducible enzyme activity. The electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme from the latter hybrids, from the hepatoma parental cells, and from rat liver is identical. The absence of a correlation between total chromosome number of the hybrid cells and re-expression of alanine aminotransferase suggests that the loss of specific chromosomes is required for re-expression. In these hybrid cells, the re-expression of alanine aminotransferase baseline and inducibility is independent of that of tyrosine aminotransferase inducibility.
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PMID:Expression of differentiated functions in hepatoma cell hybrids: alanine aminotransferase. 434 88

Growth of cultured rat hepatoma cells in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine results in a rapid inhibition of the synthesis of adrenal steroid-inducible tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) and slower decreases in the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), alcohol dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.1), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49). During the same period, neither overall cell growth nor the concentrations of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), or alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) were significantly decreased by the base analog. Addition of thymidine to the growth medium rapidly counteracts the inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis but restores the normal concentrations of lactate-, alcohol-, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases much more slowly. Growth of the cells for only one generation in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine, followed by the addition of thymidine, produces transient decreases in the concentrations of the three "late-responding" dehydrogenases, beginning 2-3 generations after exposure to the analog.It is concluded that the selective inhibitory effects of the analog could result from a mechanism in which bromodeoxyuridine is uniformly incorporated into cellular DNA, but inhibits the transcription of only certain genes into messenger RNA. A mathematical model is derived to account for the observed differences in the kinetics of the inhibition of synthesis of the gene products that are sensitive to the analog.
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PMID:Differential effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the concentrations of specific enzymes in hepatoma cells in culture. 439 42

We assayed type III procollagen peptide in the sera of 213 patients with various liver diseases and 23 normal controls by radioimmunoassay. The non-cancerous limit of the serum level of type III procollagen peptide was defined as the mean +/- 2 SD of the patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease; it was 50 ng/ml. The percentage of type III procollagen peptide in sera exceeding this limit was 22.2% in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 17.4% in metastatic liver cancer. Only patients with liver cirrhosis accompanied by alcoholic hepatitis exceeded this limit. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with peptide concentrations above 50 ng/ml, the serum level of GOT, GPT, LDH, T. Bil., LAP, gamma-GTP and T. Chol. was significantly higher than in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose serum peptide level was below 20 ng/ml.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of type III procollagen peptide in sera of patients with liver cancer]. 608 78

A 57-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma with left thigh-bone metastasis is reported. He was admitted to the hospital with left leg pain. A diagnosis of bone metastasis of unknown origin was based on X-ray films. Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly. Liver function tests showed a slight increase of alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT. In serological tests, the levels of alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were high. HBs antigen was negative. From the above data, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed.
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PMID:[A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with left thigh-bone metastasis]. 608 80

The clinical effectiveness of conservative therapeutic modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was evaluated in terms of extension of survival. The therapeutic methods included one-shot therapy (OST) using Mitomycin C (MMC), Adriamycin (ADM), simultaneous ADM & MMC, with or without transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Prior to estimating the effectiveness, the subjects were graded into three stages according to the pretreatment severity of their residual liver function, based on total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, and ascites as constituent factors. OST with or without TAE significantly prolonged the mean survival time in stage I cases in good condition and in stage II cases in fair condition, but not in stage III cases in poor condition. Concerning OST without TAE, the results of ADM were slightly better than MMC in terms of extension of survival. OST combined with TAE was far more effective than OST without TAE. Extension of survival by simultaneous ADM & MMC is now under observation, but the toxicity of the modality has so far not proved serious. The long-term influence of repeated TAE on liver function was revealed to be mild within an average observation period of approximately one year. This study confirmed the validity of the present staging system in evaluating the efficacy of OST and TAE in terms of extension of survival.
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PMID:Evaluation of conservative therapeutic modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma--analysis of 206 cases. 609 97

Nineteen enzymes showing highest activity in liver were examined in human and rodent tissues and cultured cells using starch-gel electrophoresis. The rat hepatoma line Faza 967 strongly expressed 13 of these enzymes. A series of somatic cell hybrids, constructed between Faza and cells of non-hepatic origin derived from man or from Chinese hamster, were examined for expression of these enzymes. Some of the human/rat hybrids continued to produce rat liver-specific enzymes, and the human forms of the enzymes glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase L were reexpressed in a few cases.
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PMID:Regulation of expression of liver-specific enzymes. I. Detection in mammalian tissues and cultured cells. 612 89


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