Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Whereas glucocorticoids induce TAT, TRP, GPT in liver and only TAT in HTC cells, no hormonal effect on the synthesis of these enzymes was found in Zajdela hepatoma cells grown in vivo as an ascitic tumor, or in vitro as layer cultures. Although these cells remain uninducible, the hormone penetrates normally, but a strong decrease of the specific binding of cytosol and nuclear proteins with the hormone was observed. The impairment at the level of the hormone receptors could account for the non-inducibility of enzyme synthesis in ZHC cells.
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PMID:Impairment of enzyme induction by glucocorticoids in Zajdela hepatoma cells. 1 35

Most of the hybrid clones derived from a cross of Chinese hamster fibroblasts (DON) with rat hepatoma cells (Faza 967) showed preferential loss of rat chromosomes. Two of the hybrid clones retained the rat chromosomes, and both showed extinction of 4 liver-specific enzymes: aldolase B, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and the inducible enzymes tyrosine aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Subcloning of 1 of these hybrids, which contained 2 sets of hepatoma chromosomes and 1 set of hamster chromosomes, permitted the isolation of some clones which reexpressed 1 or more of the liver-specific enzymes. Liver alcohol dehydrogenase was the most frequently reexpressed enzyme and aldolase B the least. Tyrosine aminotransferase inducibility was reexpressed independently of basal activity, and the enzyme produced by the reexpressing hybrid cells was precipitated by a specific antiserum. No correlation was detected between the presence or absence of the marker chromosomes (large metacentrics) of the hamster parent and the extinction and reexpression of the hepatic enzymes. The results reported confirm and extend to interspecific hybrids the observation of the stable and independent reexpression of tissue-specific enzymes.
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PMID:Expression of differentiated functions in hepatoma cell hybrids: IX extinction and reexpression of liver-specific enzymes in rat hepatoma-Chinese hamster fibroblast hybrids. 1 64

A cross has been performed between dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells and the differentiated cells from which they were derived. 10 hybrid clones, containing the complete chromosome sets of both parents, show extinction of 4 liver-specific enzymes: tyrosine aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.5), alanine aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.2), and the liver-specific isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.1) and aldolase (E.C. 4.1.2.13). Moreover, the 4 hybrid clones examined do not produce albumin . The only function of the differentiated parent which is not extinguished in the hybrid cells is inducibility of the aminotransferases. For 3 of the hybrid clones, extinction of 3 of the 4 enzymes is incomplete, but these clones do not differ in modal chromosome number from those which show more complete extinction of the enzymes. Subcloning of several of the hybrids revealed that the phenotype of the hybrids is very stable; 4 subclones showing reexpression of intermediate levels of the enzymes are characterized. These results show that dedifferentiation of the parental cells is not due to the simple loss of some factor required for the maintenance of expression of differentiated functions, and suggest that dedifferentiation is due to the activation of some control mechanism, whose final effect is negative, and which may be a part of the epigenotype of the embryonic hepatocyte.
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PMID:Extinction of liver-specific functions in hybrids between differentiated and dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells. 1 65

(1) Passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are suitable methods for the detection of AFP in the low concentration range. (2) In 3.72% of the cases a clinically unknown carcinoma was found in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis. (3) 21.9% of the patients showed AFP elevations up to 2000 ng/ml. In 10.6% of this group, increasing titers demonstrated a primary liver cell carcinoma. In 89.4% a transitory rise of AFP was not associated with tumor growth. Levels return to normal values within three months in 90% of the cases. (4) Transitory AFP elevations are not correlated to clinical conditions (praecoma, coma, delirium, bleeding, ascites, shunt) or to biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, bilirubin, prothrombin complex time, gamma-globulin). (5) A temporary rise in AFP is more frequently observed in groups with high hepatoma incidence than in groups with low hepatoma incidence. (6) Therefore, it may be suggested that a transitory rise of AFP could reflect a "primary reaction" of carcinogenesis. (7) Primary liver cell carcinoma is found to be more frequent in posthepatitic than in postalcoholic, cryptogenic, and other cirrhosis and to be more frequent in australia-antigen positive than in australia-antigen negative cases. (8) Routine serological tumor antigen screening of patients with a precancerous disease is useful.
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PMID:Early detection of hepatoma: prospective study in liver cirrhosis using passive hemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay. 5 21

The activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD) were determined in liver biopsy specimens and sera of patients with various liver diseases. Mitochondrial and cytosol isozymes of GOT were also separated for their assay. The activity ratio of GOT/GPT in serum was found to reflect the ratio in liver cytosol. The increased ratio in advanced or severe liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, was due to the greater decrease in liver cytosol GPT activity, this being pronounced in primary hepatoma. The activity of GLD decreased similarly but less markedly. The relatively greater decrease in GPT compared with GOT in advanced liver diseases was not mainly due to leakage of the enzyme from the liver, but to a specific mechanism associated with hepatic injury or its progression. Other pathological conditions of the liver such as those in obstructive jaundice and alcoholic liver injury also appeared to result in reduced liver GPT activity, which was reflected in the serum as an increased GOT/GPT ratio.
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PMID:The mechanism of release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. II. Altered activity ratios of GOT to GPT in serum and liver of patients with liver diseases. 16 Jan 82

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

Two liver cirrhosis (LC) patients with all major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had, at presentation, serum alfa-fetoprotein levels (AFP) higher than 500 ng/ml, usually considered diagnostic for HCC. They had elevated serum ALT levels too. No neoplastic liver lesions were detected by imaging techniques in both cases. During the following three months we noted a progressive improvement of clinical conditions with contextual normalization of AFP and ALT values. Therefore we suggest, when AFP is strongly elevated in LC patients but no hepatic lesion is detectable, a check for AFP and ALT time-course, before diagnosis HCC.
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PMID:[Two patients with liver cirrhosis who presented with alpha-fetoprotein values diagnostic of hepatocarcinoma but without evidence of neoplasms]. 127 60

Antihepatitis C virus (HCV) status was investigated in 100 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 1980 and 1989. The clinicopathological findings and operative results, in patients with or without HCV marker, were compared retrospectively. The positivity rate of anti-HCV was 51 per cent. In this group there was a higher mean age, fewer symptoms, raised alanine aminotransferase level, higher 15-min indocyanine green clearance rate and earlier tumour stage compared with the anti-HCV negative group. Positive tumour margins and vascular invasion were seen less frequently in the anti-HCV positive group. HCC with HCV marker showed characteristic features of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis and of HCC originating from liver cirrhosis. There was a better cumulative 1-year survival rate for anti-HCV positive patients, but 3- and 5-year survival rates after hepatectomy were similar in both groups. Although HCV-related HCC had typical features of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis and a relatively early stage of tumour, biological features and operative results were similar with or without the HCV marker.
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PMID:Antihepatitis C virus status in hepatocellular carcinoma and the influence on clinicopathological findings and operative results. 128 33

Increased concentrations of neopterin have been found in conditions causing a stimulation of cellular immunity, including various malignancies. In liver diseases, serum or urinary neopterin levels have been studied in acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver and liver cirrhosis. In the present study neopterin serum levels have been measured in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in 32 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in 28 healthy subjects as controls. Mean values of serum neopterin were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in patients with HCC (15.89 +/- 6.34 nmol/l) when compared with those of normal subjects (4.74 +/- 2.13 nmol/l), but no difference was observed between patients with HCC (associated or not with liver cirrhosis) and patients with liver cirrhosis. Neopterin concentrations are not affected by liver cirrhosis aetiology, nor by its clinical severity, and are not correlated to the values of serum alpha-fetoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and gamma-globulin. The results show that there is a consistent overlap of values in patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis; macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases, irrespective of HCC development.
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PMID:Serum neopterin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 128 21

The presence of antibody to the hepatitis C virus was determined in 254 alcoholic patients with non-B chronic hepatitis and a titre of antinuclear antibodies of 1/40 or lower. Alcoholic hepatitis was present in 12 patients, steatohepatitis in 20, active chronic hepatitis in 22, cirrhosis in 181, and hepatocarcinoma in 19. Twenty patients had previously received blood transfusion alone or during surgery, 49 had undergone previous surgery without transfusion, a clinical episode of hepatitis could be traced in 14, 4 patients were drug addicts, 41 had received blood transfusion after the diagnosis was made, and 128 presented with alcoholism alone. Anti-hepatitis C antibody was found in 20 out of 2,000 blood donors (1%) in our hospital. Anti-hepatitis C antibody was found in 87 patients (34.2%) in our series, a figure unaltered by past medical history. Patients with anti-HC antibody had higher levels of AST, ALT, total proteins, gamma-globulin, and IgG. The incidence of active chronic hepatitis was higher among patients with anti-HC antibody, whereas the incidence of steatohepatitis was higher among patients without anti-HC. Regarding findings on liver biopsy, the incidence of anti-HC was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) among patients with active chronic hepatitis (72.7%) than in any other group; no significant differences were found between patients with cirrhosis (33.3%), hepatocarcinoma (31.5%), steatohepatitis (15%), or alcoholic hepatitis (16.7%). Among HBsAg-negative patients, the incidence of anti-HC was similar between those with (39.7%) and without other serum markers of HB (32.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevalence and significance of the C virus antibody in chronic hepatopathy not related to B virus in alcoholics]. 131 33


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