Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-nine Japanese patients were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of alpha-interferon for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: 24 patients received 3 million units of recombinant human alpha alpha-interferon (alpha-2a) thrice weekly for eight weeks, and 25 patients received placebo in a similar schedule. The mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dropped from 155 +/- 91 (SD) to 69 +/- 72 during interferon treatment, but remained unchanged (158 +/- 140 to 147 +/- 130) during placebo treatment (P less than 0.001). Serum ALT level fell to the normal range in 29% of interferon-treated patients, but in only 4% of placebo-treated patients. Pre- and posttreatment liver biopsies were obtained in all but one case. Average histological activity indices (HAI) were markedly improved in the interferon-treated group (9.5 +/- 3.7 to 7.0 +/- 4.3), but were unchanged in the placebo group (8.5 +/- 4.3 to 8.5 +/- 4.9). In addition, we compared the efficacy of interferon treatment between anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive and negative groups. Biochemical and histological improvements were similar and statistically significant in patients with and without antibody to hepatitis C virus. These data indicate that a eight-week course of alpha-interferon induces biochemical and histological improvement in more than half the patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis.
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PMID:Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of eight-week course of recombinant alpha-interferon for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. 165 40

Samples from prospectively followed recipients, their respective donors, and a cohort of random donors were used to evaluate the specificity and efficacy of a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) as an adjunct to anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RIBA reacted (RIBA+) in 100 percent of patients who developed hepatitis associated with anti-HCV seroconversion documented by EIA and in 100 percent of the EIA-positive (EIA+) donors implicated in these cases. In contrast, RIBA reacted in none of 10 recipients who were EIA+ but did not develop hepatitis, in none of 7 EIA+ patients with hepatitis B or cytomegalovirus infection, in 33 percent of EIA+ donors who were not implicated in hepatitis transmission, and in 37 percent of EIA+ random donors. Hence, the vast majority of EIA+ individuals who have ancillary evidence of HCV infection react on RIBA, whereas the majority of EIA+ individuals in low-risk settings do not react (RIBA-negative, or RIBA-). There was a strong association between RIBA reactivity and the presence of a surrogate marker (elevated alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and/or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen); 43 percent of RIBA+ implicated donors had a surrogate marker as compared to none of 14 EIA+, RIBA- donors. Among EIA+ random donors, 77 percent of those with a surrogate marker were RIBA+, as compared with 29 percent of those without a surrogate marker. In addition, in EIA+ donors, RIBA reactivity correlated with the extent of ALT elevation; 86 percent of those with an ALT greater than 135 IU per L were RIBA+ compared with 18 percent of those with an ALT less than 30 IU per L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The use of a recombinant immunoblot assay in the interpretation of anti-hepatitis C virus reactivity among prospectively followed patients, implicated donors, and random donors. 165 53

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was investigated among different populations in Taiwan, where anti-HCV was detected in 0.8% (24/2,994) of adult volunteer blood donors, 0.1% (1/1,305) of youngsters and children, 12.5% (8/64) of adult volunteer blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 36.5% (23/63) of hemodialysis patients, 4.1% (13/318) of male homosexuals, 25.4% (16/63) of cases positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), 82.2% (578/703) of intravenous drug users (IVDUs), and 10.3% (23/223) of female prostitutes (FPs). Among patients with chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the overall prevalence rate for anti-HCV was 34.1% (42/123), and a higher prevalence was noted in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative cases than in HBsAg-positive cases. The prevalence of anti-HCV in volunteer blood donors and high prevalence found in IVDUs, hemodialysis patients, anti-HIV positive cases, and FPs are consistent with those results from other countries. These findings suggest that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is transmitted by both blood-borne and sexual contact routes. Among flavivirus infections, anti-HCV was detected in 0.3% (1/289) and 1.3% (4/310) of Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever patients, respectively. In conclusion, in Taiwan, an area with high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the epidemiological status of HCV infection is similar to that observed in other countries, and no serum cross-reactivity was noticed between HCV and flavivirus infections.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in different populations in Taiwan. 165 45

In order to gain an understanding of the relationship of various markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in acute and chronic cases of the disease, serial blood samples obtained from chimpanzees before and after infection with HCV were analyzed for the presence of the HCV genome by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cDNA (cDNA PCR) synthesized from plasma- and serum-derived RNA. In a chimpanzee with acute hepatitis C, signals detectable by cDNA PCR appeared 1 week before characteristic ultrastructural changes visualized by electron microscopy, persisted throughout the peak alanine aminotransferase levels, and diminished with the disappearance of alterations visualized by electron microscopy. This was in contrast to the results obtained from chimpanzees with chronic HCV infection, in which the HCV genome was consistently detectable for up to 10 years after infection. The results indicate the usefulness of detection of HCV RNA by cDNA PCR as a sensitive and semiquantitative method for monitoring the course of HCV infection and as a potential marker for differentiating between chronic and acute cases of disease.
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PMID:Detection of the hepatitis C virus genome in acute and chronic experimental infection in chimpanzees. 165 34

Stored sera from 52 patients who developed post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) during a prospective study of PTH in Toronto in 1984/85, sera from 111 donors whose blood was transfused into these patients and sera from 50 patients with chronic active hepatitis with a remote history of blood transfusion were tested for anti-HCV. In patients with PTH seroconversion occurred relatively early. Ten converted in less than 14 weeks after transfusion. Only three of the 34 patients (9%) whose hepatitis resolved developed anti-HCV compared to 11 of 18 (61%) whose hepatitis became chronic. Patients who seroconverted had higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values during the phase of acute hepatitis than those who did not seroconvert. Most of the patients who developed PTH received blood that was negative for anti-HCV. Four donors whose blood was positive for anti-HCV transmitted hepatitis. Three of the patients developed anti-HCV and chronic hepatitis. One of the recipients did not seroconvert and the hepatitis resolved. Forty-two of the 50 patients (84%) with chronic hepatitis and a remote history of blood transfusion were positive for anti-HCV. We conclude that anti-HCV-positive donors may transmit hepatitis C; that if anti-HCV is diagnostic of hepatitis C, most cases of acute PTH are either not due to hepatitis C or may represent cases of hepatitis C in which the anti-HCV test was undetectable. On the other hand, most cases of PTH which progress to chronic hepatitis are caused by HCV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anti-HCV in post-transfusion hepatitis: deductions from a prospective study. 165 22

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus recombinant antigen c100-3 was determined in 82 pediatric patients with malignant diseases who received blood transfusions as support during their chemotherapy. By prescreening, 12 of 82 patients were repeatedly positive. No positive correlation was established neither with the number of transfused blood units nor with surrogate markers for hepatitis NANB like ALT or anti HBc. Additional testing by alternate test assays revealed discordant results in 11 of these patients. Possible explanations, like reactivity to test-immanent coexpressed antigens of Saccharomyces cerevisae are discussed.
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PMID:Seroprevalence and significance of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in pediatric patients with malignant diseases. 165 30

11/323 patients (3.4%) with symptomatic chronic hepatitis B were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). The positive rate of anti-HCV in patients with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels greater than 200 U/l (n = 219) did not exceed that of the patients with ALT less than or equal to 200 U/l (n = 104) (2.7% vs. 4.8%). Of the 219 patients who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and/or hepatitis B virus-DNA (HBV-DNA), 5 (2.3%) had anti-HCV, while 6/104 patients (5.8%) who were positive for antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) had anti-HCV (p greater than 0.1). In contrast to the anti-HCV-negative patients, the patients with anti-HCV had a higher percentage of cirrhosis in their liver histological findings (36.4% vs 5.4%, p less than 0.005). In conclusion, the prevalence of HCV superinfection in symptomatic chronic hepatitis B patients is low and HCV superinfection is not an important factor in acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. However, the superinfection with HCV may exacerbate the existing liver disease and accelerate its progression.
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PMID:Superinfection with hepatitis C virus in patients with symptomatic chronic hepatitis B. 165 36

The relationship between alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C virus was studied in 80 patients by searching for hepatitis C virus RNA with the polymerase chain reaction and by measuring hepatitis C virus antibodies. By C-100 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 2 of 10 patients with fibrosteatosis, 8 of 20 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, 14 of 19 patients with chronic hepatitis and 19 of 31 patients with cirrhosis. Percentages of patients with antibodies found by C-100 radioimmunoassay and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on sequence peptide 42 were lower; of the 16 patients with a low titer by C-100 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 10 were negative by radioimmunoassay and 6 were negative by sequence peptide 42. By a second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay, hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 1 of 10 patients with fibrosteatosis, 2 of 20 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, 15 of 19 patients with chronic hepatitis and 18 of 31 patients with cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus RNA was found in 1 of 10 patients with fibrosteatosis, 3 of 20 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, 13 of 19 patients with chronic hepatitis and 20 of 31 patients with cirrhosis. Of the 37 patients with hepatitis C virus RNA, 31 had antibodies by C-100 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (25 patients at a high titer [cut-off index greater than 6]), and 31 had antibodies by second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis C virus RNA had higher ALT activity than such patients without hepatitis C virus RNA (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies and hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with alcoholic liver disease. 166 25

An enzyme immunoassay was used to detect antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in 261 patients and 69 staff members of a hemodialysis unit. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 46.7% in patients and 2.9% in staff members (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV increased significantly with increasing duration of hemodialysis (p less than 0.001), but was not related to age, sex, history of blood transfusion, status of hepatitis B or hepatitis A virus infection, or serum ALT. Patients with hepatitis episode increased with increasing duration of hemodialysis and showed a significantly higher prevalence of anti-HCV than those without (63.1 vs. 34.7%, p less than 0.001). The prevalence of anti-HCV in patients with hepatitis also increased with increasing duration of hemodialysis (p = 0.05). Thus, HCV appears to be the major cause of hepatitis in hemodialysis patients. Besides strict infection control measures, further studies are needed to determine the mode of HCV infection and its prevention in the hemodialysis unit.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in the hemodialysis unit. 166 Feb 21

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been proposed to be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic alcoholism. The demonstration of a different liver histological pattern in anti-HCV positive patients might provide additional evidence. We studied 164 patients with chronic alcoholism, and histologically proven cirrhosis. For all of them, serum samples were collected at the time of a liver biopsy and stored at -80 degrees C. Testing for anti-HCV antibodies was done using the Ortho Diagnostic Systems Anti-HCV ELISA test. Only reproducible results were considered positive. A semi-quantitative assessment of seven histological parameters was made independently on liver biopsy samples. In the study group, 29 patients (18%) had anti-HCV antibodies. When compared with anti-HCV negative patients, both groups had similar ALT and AST seric activities. Anti-HCV positive patients had a greater score of mononuclear cells infiltrate (0.71 +/- 0.57 vs 0.41 +/- 0.52; p less than 0.05) and a lesser score of alcoholic hepatitis (0.19 +/- 0.57 vs 0.74 +/- 0.74; p less than 0.005). The scores for steatosis, perisinusoidal and perinodular fibrosis, and hepatocellular necrosis were similar in the two groups. In anti-HCV positive patients, with a clearly positive recombinant immunobinding assay (RIBA, Chiron-Ortho Diagnostic Systems), a greater score for hepatic necrosis and a lesser one for fibrosis were demonstrated. Among the seven patients with active cirrhosis, six were anti-HCV positive. Therefore, HCV is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of liver damage in a few patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, especially, those with active cirrhosis.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis in alcoholic patients: histological evidence for hepatitis C virus responsibility. 166 14


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