Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen patients with biopsy proven chronic hepatitis B and markers of ongoing viral replication were treated with interferon alpha-2b (Intron A) while 24 similar patients served as control group. Permanent termination of HBV replication and normalization of ALT and AST activity was seen in 7 (39%) treated patients and in only two (8%) controls (p less than 0.05). Adverse reactions were few and subsided with the termination of therapy. These results of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B seem encouraging.
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PMID:[Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)]. 184 9

One hundred eighty-four patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chronic hepatitis were evaluated for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Only 11 (8%) of 136 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication (HBV-DNA-positive in serum) while 7 (35%) of 20 positive for antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) but HBV-DNA-negative were positive for anti-HCV. By contrast, anti-HCV was never found in 30 anti-HBe-positive "healthy" carriers. Anti-HCV was more frequent in hepatitis D virus (HDV)-positive than in HDV-negative cases (32% vs. 12%). During 1-11 years of follow-up, anti-HCV persisted in 90% of cases, who showed continuing alanine aminotransferase elevation. Liver histology deteriorated in 2 of 4 anti-HCV-positive, anti-HBe-positive, HBV-DNA-negative patients. These results demonstrate the existence of a subgroup of patients with anti-HBe-positive, HBV-DNA-negative, HDV-negative chronic hepatitis B, where HCV may play a leading role in causing liver disease.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. 172 90

Non-A, non-B hepatitis is a significant cause of liver disease among renal allograft recipients. In order to assess the impact and prevalence of hepatitis C in a series of renal allograft recipients, we retrospectively screened 621 consecutive patients transplanted between 1979 and 1989 and 484 cadaver organ donors retrieved in the same interval for serologic evidence of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection using the enzyme-linked assay for anti-HCV antibody. Of 596 HBsAg negative patients, 180 (30%) were anti-HCV positive at the time of transplant. One-year posttransplant, 117 (22%) had detectable levels of anti-HCV antibody. Chemically significant hepatitis developed in 52/234 (22%) anti-HCV positive patients, and 26 of these followed a clinical course consistent with chronic hepatitis. Significantly more males and patients with antibody to HCV detectable at 1 year posttransplant were in the group experiencing an increase in liver enzymes. Ten-year patient and graft survival was 78% and 50%, respectively, for the anti-HCV positive patients who had an elevation of alanine aminotransferase, and 76% and 57% for the cohort maintaining normal liver function (P = NS). There were also no differences in patient and graft survival among the anti-HCV positive group and the consistently sero-negative patients. Of 484 cadaver organ donors with serum available for analysis (out of 1200 retrieved), 67 (14%) were anti-HCV positive at the time of organ donation. Among 23 anti-HCV negative kidney recipients who received a kidney from an HCV antibody positive donor, only one had seroconverted at 1 year posttransplant. Antibody to HCV appears to be widespread among renal transplant recipients and cadaver organ donors. We were unable to demonstrate any evidence of long-term adverse effects on patient and graft survival among anti-HCV positive patients employing the first generation anti-HCV assay.
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PMID:Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in renal transplant recipients. 184 50

In samples collected from 170 dogs suspected of having hepatobiliary disease, preprandial serum bile acids (PRSBA) and postprandial serum bile acids (POSBA) concentrations were measured, using a spectrophotometric enzymatic method. Dogs were assigned to 8 disease groups and 1 control group on the basis of hepatic histopathologic findings. Pre- and postprandial SBA concentrations and results of routine biochemical analyses (including total bilirubin, albumin, and BUN concentrations, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities) were expressed, using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Single tests and combinations of tests in series were evaluated. For diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease, the specificity of PRSBA was 100% at values greater than 20 mumol/L and of POSBA was 100% at values greater than 25 mumol/L. Test combinations with the best sensitivity for diagnosing the following diseases were: PRSBA-POSBA for cirrhosis, portosystemic vascular anomaly, and glucocorticoid hepatopathy; PRSBA-POSBA or PRSBA-ALP for cholestasis; PRSBA-POSBA or ALT-AST for chronic hepatitis; PRSBA-ALT for hepatic necrosis and passive congestion; and PRSBA-ALP for neoplasia. Test combinations with the overall highest sensitivity and positive predictive value for the fewest number of tests were PRSBA-POSBA, and either PRSBA or POSBA combined with an enzyme activity (ALT, AST, or ALP). The overall test efficacy for PRSBA vs POSBA was nearly identical: for PRSBA, it was 82.4%, and for POSBA, it was 82.3%. On the basis of the results of this study, PRSBA greater than 20 mumol/L or POSBA greater than 25 mumol/L (measured by use of an enzymatic procedure) indicates histopathologic abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system or portosystemic vascular anastomosis. Seemingly, determination of SBA concentrations can be used to indicate the propriety for hepatic biopsy. Pre- and postprandial serum bile acids concentrations should be evaluated in conjunction with routinely used hepatobiliary screening tests for best diagnostic advantage.
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PMID:Evaluation of twelve-hour preprandial and two-hour postprandial serum bile acids concentrations for diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in dogs. 189 31

Chronic hepatitis C is often a progressive liver disease for which there is no satisfactory treatment. We studied the efficacy of recombinant alpha-interferon or gamma-interferon in the treatment of this disease in comparison with a control group. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to three groups. Ten patients received 7.5 MU alpha-interferon/m2 body surface three times weekly for 3 mo, then 5 MU/m2 for 3 mo and 2.5 MU/m2 for 6 mo. Ten patients were treated with gamma-interferon at a dose of 2 MU/m2 for 6 mo and the other 10 served as controls without treatment. The mean serum ALT levels and liver histological findings improved significantly only in the patients treated with alpha-interferon. No changes were observed in patients treated with gamma-interferon or in controls. Five of 10 patients treated with alpha-interferon had complete responses (mean ALT normal during therapy). After treatment ALT returned to pretreatment levels in two of 5 patients. The long-term response rate after alpha-interferon therapy was 30% at 18 mo. We conclude that alpha-interferon is effective in controlling disease activity in a portion of patients with chronic hepatitis C. High doses of alpha-interferon do not appear to add further benefit in the response rate or relapse rate. gamma-Interferon therapy is ineffective.
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PMID:High doses of recombinant alpha-interferon or gamma-interferon for chronic hepatitis C: a randomized, controlled trial. 189 52

To verify the existence of chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol, the clinicopathological features of chronic hepatitis in heavy drinkers were studied using various viral markers. Histological features of chronic active hepatitis were seen in 27 heavy drinkers. These patients were divided into four groups. The AL group (seven cases) consisted of alcoholics who were negative for both hepatitis C antibody and HBsAg; the HB group (four cases) was positive for HBsAg; the HC1 group (seven cases) was positive for hepatitis C antibody but negative for hepatitis C virus-RNA genome; and the HC2 group (nine cases) was positive both for hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis C virus-RNA genome. Serum AST and ALT activity declined during 4 wk of abstinence in most patients in the AL group and in the HC1 group. The response of serum AST and ALT to abstinence was poor in most patients in the HB group and the HC2 group. Serum desialo-transferrin and alcohol liver membrane antibodies were detected more frequently in the sera of patients in the AL group and HC1 group. A trend toward increased frequency of centrilobular ballooning existed in the AL group, but this did not reach statistical significance. These results suggest that chronic active hepatitis in patients in the AL group, in whom markers of HBV and hepatitis C virus were absent, may be caused by alcohol. Patients in the HC1 group who had hepatitis C antibody but not hepatitis C virus-RNA may represent cases where both alcohol and hepatitis C virus are involved.
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PMID:Different types of chronic hepatitis in alcoholic patients: does chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol exist? 190 24

We treated 41 chronic hepatitis C patients with recombinant interferon alpha 2a, 6 X 10(6) IU/day, for three weeks daily followed by intermittent therapy, 3 X 10(6) IU/day, three times weekly for 6 months and more. After 6 months of intermittent therapy, serum aminotransferases (AST, ALT) decreased to normal or nearly normal levels in 29 of 41 patients (70.7%) with histological improvement. The HCV (C100-3) antibody disappeared during and after IFN therapy in 7 of 34 HCV antibody positive patients (20.6%). Serum aminotransferases levels of all such patients were normalized or nearly normalized. The IFN antibody was detected in 8 of 41 patients (19.5%) including one whose IFN antibody was already present before starting IFN therapy. IFN treatment was discontinued in 22 of 41 patients (53.7%) because they responded completely or nearly completely to IFN therapy. All of the 22 patients have been maintaining normal aminotransferase levels for 1 to 24 months (mean, 12 months) after the treatment period. We conclude that long-term IFN therapy is greatly beneficial in controlling hepatic inflammatory changes in chronic hepatitis C.
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PMID:[Clinical study on long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon]. 190 7

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for serological diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, using HCV core protein (p22) synthesized by a recombinant baculovirus. Among 58 clinically well-defined chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) patients, 49 (84.5%) were positive for p22 antibody (anti-p22), whereas 42 (72.4%) were positive for C100-3 antibody (anti-C100-3), as measured by the present assay using the HCV nonstructural protein as antigen. Thirty-nine patients (67.2%) had both antibodies. No significant level of anti-p22 was detected in sera of chronic hepatitis B patients or normal blood donors. In typical post-transfusion NANBH patients, anti-p22 could be detected at, or even before, the first alanine aminotransferase peak. Anti-p22 was also detected in blood donors who were previously shown to be involved in transmitting HCV but in whose serum anti-C100-3 was not detectable. The ELISA detecting antibody to the HCV core protein expressed and properly processed in animal cells will be useful for mass screening of donor blood as well as for early diagnosis of hepatitis C.
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PMID:Serodiagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with an HCV core protein molecularly expressed by a recombinant baculovirus. 190 12

Ninety patients with histologically documented chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis were randomly allocated to receive SC injections of placebo or of 1 or 3 MU of recombinant interferon alfa-2b three times weekly for 24 weeks. Complete normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels occurred posttreatment in 43.3% of patients receiving 3 MU, in 20% of those receiving 1 MU, and in 6.7% of untreated patients (P less than 0.0005 vs. those treated with 3 MU). Alanine aminotransferase normalization was sustained for 6 months after therapy in 13.3% of the patients treated with 3 MU and in 3.3% of those given 1 MU or placebo. The decline of alanine aminotransferase levels following interferon therapy showed independent, positive correlations with female sex (P less than 0.03) and younger age (P less than 0.05). The Knodell's fibrosis score was strongly positively correlated with age (P less than 0.0001). It is concluded that 3 MU of interferon is a more effective dose than 1 MU for controlling disease activity in non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis patients. Women and younger and noncirrhotic patients are more likely to respond.
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PMID:Comparison of 1 or 3 MU of interferon alfa-2b and placebo in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. 190 28

To determine the effect of a recombinant alpha interferon 2b (Intron-A) and possible benefit of prednisolone pretreatment in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, 75 Chinese patients with clinico-histologically proven chronic hepatitis were randomly allocated to one of the following regimens: (A) 3 million units of Intron-A trice weekly for 6 months; (B) dose titration according to ALT-AST values; (C) prednisolone withdrawal followed by regimen A; (D) control group: no treatment for 6 months but followed by alternating treatment with 3 million units of Intron-A trice weekly for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks no treatment for 6 months. Up to September 30, 1990, 67 patients have been followed for a minimum of 2 months. At the end of the second month, complete response (normal ALT) was achieved in 71% of group A, 50% of group B, 50% of group C and 0% of group D. At the end of the 6th month, the complete response rate was 62%, 47% and 64% respectively in groups A, B and C. The response rates in groups A and C were significantly better than the 7% in the control group. Complete response usually (91%) occurred within 2 months after the first dose of interferon. Relapse occurred in 40% of the complete responders, usually within 2 months of the last dose. The cumulative relapse rate was significantly lower in responders of group C (11% vs 43% in group A and 86% in group B during a period of 6 months). Only mild adverse effects were reported though two patients withdrew because of intolerable fatigue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prednisolone withdrawal followed by recombinant alfa-interferon in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: interim results of a randomized controlled trial. 190 74


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