Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of a greater number of biochemical tests in hepatobiliary diseases by means of methematico-statistical methods (calculation of specificity and sensitiveness, variance analysis, discrimination analysis with following discrimination experiments) the parameters should be established which in a step programme with multivariate observation and non-discriminated approach give the best possible information. The recognition of patients with liver diseases (preliminary diagnostics) is at nearly 94% possible with a scale comprising GOT, AAP, some relevant clinical data (touch findings, jaundice, hepatic skin signs) and the hepatitis B-antigen. In non-discriminated approach according to our findings the following scale should not be trangressed: GPT, GOT (compare preliminary diagnostics), LAP, AP, AAP (compare preliminary diagnostics), cholesterol, TTT, bilirubin, beta-GC. As to aimed questionings the bromsulphalein test belongs to the enlarged basic scale.
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PMID:[Laboratory diagnosis of liver and biliary tract disease]. 85 Oct 13

Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (n 1441) and those with post-transfusion hepatitis (n 343), whose medical expenses were subsidized by the Aichi Prefectural Government, were followed up for three years by record linkage with the Aichi Cancer Registry. During the follow-up period, 122 incident cases of liver cancer were identified. Compared with the general population, patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were at a 64.9 times greater risk (50.5 times in males and 100.4 times in females) and those with post-transfusion hepatitis were at a 9.4 times greater risk (8.9 times in males and 13.7 times in females) of developing liver cancer. Information on prognostic factors for 1,068 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis was also collected in a questionnaire survey by the physicians in charge. Patients positive to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and those positive to HBe Ag had a significantly increased risk of subsequent liver cancer. The risk of developing liver cancer was positively associated with base-line levels of GPT and AFP and age and, inversely associated with total alcohol intake and female sex. In multivariate analyses, the associations with HBe Ag, AFP, sex and age remained statistically significant, whereas the associations with GPT, total alcohol intake and HBs Ag were of borderline significance.
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PMID:The risk and predictive factors for developing liver cancer among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. 127 45

Two hundred and forty-three patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) and 20 renal unit staff were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C (HCV). Three patients (1.2%) were positive by the first generation test kit, the lowest rate in patients receiving RRT reported in the literature to date. These three, and eight other patients tested positive by the second generation kit, a prevalence rate of 4.5%. Anti-HCV antibody positivity was associated with higher mean serum alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0003) and aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.018) levels. However, only one of the 11 anti-HCV positive patients had liver transaminase levels more than twice the upper limit of the laboratory reference range. Anti-HCV positivity was associated with a higher mean number of units of blood transfused (p = 0.035). None of 20 staff were anti-HCV positive. Twenty-five of 212 (11.7%) patients reported a history of liver disease; none of these were anti-HCV positive. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in eight of 215 (3.7%) patients, of which three were e antigen positive. There was evidence of past hepatitis B infection in 53 of 215 (24.7%) patients, more frequently in Maoris (p = 0.001). Overall, significantly raised liver transaminases were present in three of 198 (1.5%) patients and in no staff. This unit has a remarkably low prevalence of antibodies to HCV, an observation supported by the low rate of abnormal serum liver enzymes.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients receiving renal replacement therapy, and in the staff caring for them. 128 95

Excluding blood donations with elevated serum ALT from transfusion is only justified under the assumption that these more frequently transmit unrecognized hepatitis infections. The distribution of such infections in the donor population (with respect to age and sex) should be similar to that of hepatitis B and C, respectively. The prevalence of the latter two infections among our blood donors is the same in both sexes. The exclusion rate, however, is 3-4 times higher for men if equal ALT limits are applied. We therefore determined which ALT limits would give equal exclusion rates for donations of male and female blood donors in order to balance the risk of unrecognized hepatitis in blood donations from the two sex groups. In a second step, we also took each donor's age group into account and determined individual ALT limits for different age and sex groups.
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PMID:[Sex and age specific GPT limit values in blood donors]. 128 66

The hepatitis C antibody reactivity rate in 91,748 blood donors tested using the ORTHO HCV C-100 ELISA system was 0.51%. Specificity of ELISA positive reactions was measured using a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). The aim of this study was to identify markers in ELISA positive donors which were predictive of a RIBA positive result. Samples from 430 ELISA positive donors were tested by the first generation RIBA, RIBA-1, which incorporates two HCV peptides C-100 and 5-1-1. Fifty-five per cent (236) were positive and 19% (83) indeterminate. Multivariate analysis of gender, age, HCV ELISA OD ratio, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) status and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) status identified age, magnitude of HCV ELISA OD ratio and anti-HBc status as the only independent predictors of a positive RIBA-1 result. The relative odds of being RIBA-1 positive were 4.6-fold (95% CI 1.3-16.4) higher among donors aged 25-34 years compared with donors less than 25 or greater than 44; 6.1-fold (2.1-17.9) higher if the donor was anti-HBc positive and 273.4-fold (30.9-2417) higher if the HCV ELISA OD ratio was greater than 5.98 compared to those with a ratio less than 1.77. Seventy-eight of the 83 RIBA-1 indeterminates were tested on the second generation RIBA, RIBA-2, which includes two additional HCV peptide, C22 and C33c. Thirty-one per cent (24) were positive and 41% (32) were negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Predictive markers for hepatitis C antibody ELISA specificity in Australian blood donors. 128 10

A variable prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection has been reported in adult patients on hemodialysis. We have studied HCV infection and associated risk factors in a pediatric dialysis unit. Sera from all 27 patients undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in our unit were tested for antibody to HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and seropositives were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay. Records were reviewed for demographic, biochemical, and risk factor data. From the total of 27 patients (12 male, mean age 20.9 years, range 7.3 to 28.1 years), five were anti-HCV(+) (18.5%). All the anti-HCV(+) patients had been on hemodialysis (69 to 194 months, mean 105 months), while of the 22 anti-HCV(-) patients, only 14 had been on hemodialysis (5 to 209 months, mean 41.4 months), P less than .005. All the anti-HCV(+) patients had received blood transfusions (10 to 124 units, mean 61.4 units) as had 12 of the anti-HCV(-) patients (1 to 54 units, mean 14 units), P less than .02. Of the 5 anti-HCV(+) patients, only one had prior hepatitis B infection; of the 22 anti-HCV(-) patients, three had hepatitis B surface antigen, and no others had evidence of hepatitis B infection. The most predictive risk factor for HCV infection was length of time on hemodialysis. Eleven of the 27 patients (40.7%) had abnormal alanine aminotransferase values, of whom four were anti-HCV(+), three were hepatitis B surface antigen(+), and one was seropositive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatitis C infection in a pediatric dialysis population. 131 56

To examine the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance during the course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, serum specimens from 32 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 22 patients with chronic hepatitis type B who underwent spontaneous HBsAg clearance were studied for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) using commercial EIAs. The results were compared with those of control groups matched for age, sex, hepatitis B e antigen, antibody to hepatitis delta virus, and cirrhosis. Eight (25%) of the asymptomatic carriers and 9 (41%) of the patients with chronic hepatitis were seropositive for anti-HCV in contrast to 1.6% and 9.1% of their respective control groups (P less than .01). Serum alanine aminotransferase level was persistently abnormal after HBsAg clearance in one asymptomatic carrier and in four patients with chronic hepatitis. These patients were seropositive for anti-HCV and at least one of them was negative for HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The data suggest that HCV superinfection may not only suppress HBV or terminate the HBsAg carrier state but may also assume the role of HBV as the cause of persistent hepatitis or transaminase elevation.
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PMID:Role of hepatitis C virus infection in spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen clearance during chronic hepatitis B virus infection. 131 69

Responses to the 1990 American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Institutional Membership Questionnaire were submitted by 2126 regional blood centers, hospital-based blood banks, and transfusion facilities. Data from 2117 of these facilities were considered to be valid. The questionnaire included information on blood donor demographics, number of units collected, and collection procedures; services performed; usage of blood components; and transfusion-transmitted diseases reported during 1989. Institutional members collected 7.4 million whole blood units, of which 90.8 percent were donated for allogeneic use, 6.0 percent were donated for autologous use, and 3.2 percent were donated for directed use. Approximately 630,546 allogeneic and directed-use blood donors were deferred, most often for low hemoglobin or hematocrit values. Approximately 225,205 full allogeneic and directed-donor units were discarded, primarily for elevated alanine aminotransferase levels or the presence of hepatitis B core antibody. The 14.3 million transfused components included 56.7 percent red cell-containing components, 27.4 percent platelets, 11 percent fresh-frozen plasma, and 4.8 percent cryoprecipitate. Institutional members reported 1397 cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis. In this group, 921 patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen after the transfusion; 339 (36.8%) were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive. The AABB Institutional Questionnaire results provide recent data on blood donor and transfusion-related activities that are vital to the evaluation of current transfusion medicine practices.
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PMID:Blood donation and transfusion practices: the 1990 American Association of Blood Banks Institutional Membership Questionnaire. 132 95

The natural history of chronic hepatitis B patients who spontaneously cleared serum HBsAg was investigated. A total of 351 patients with chronic hepatitis B were observed in our hospital for at least 3 yr. Seven of these patients became HBsAg negative during the follow-up period. HBsAg disappeared within 6 mo (range = 11 to 169 days, mean = 70 days) after acute elevation of ALT. ALT levels as high as 500 IU were found in three patients, whereas such elevation was not demonstrated in the other four patients. After the disappearance of HBsAg, ALT levels returned to normal in all patients. With one exception, all patients seroconverted to antibody to HBsAg; however, hepatitis B virus DNA remained detectable in serum using the polymerase chain reaction in five patients. The titer of percent inhibition of antibody to HBcAg gradually decreased to less than 70% when a 1:200 dilution of the serum of six patients was used. Four of the patients had active liver disease develop: two had chronic active hepatitis and two had cirrhosis. Three of these four patients subsequently had hepatocellular carcinoma develop. These findings suggest that patients may suffer complications of chronic hepatitis even after normalization of transaminase activities and after the clearance of HBsAg. Thus hepatitis B virus should be considered as a possible factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma even in the absence of HBsAg, particularly if serum hepatitis B virus DNA persists.
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PMID:Clearance of HBsAg in seven patients with chronic hepatitis B. 133 20

The impact of dengue on liver function was studied by biochemical tests on 125 male and 145 female patients diagnosed with this disease during an outbreak that extended from November 1987 to December 1988. Abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G-GT) were observed in 93.3%, 82.2%, 7.2%, 16.3% and 83.0% of the patients, respectively. The elevation of transaminases was mild to moderate in most cases, but was 10-fold greater than the normal upper limit for AST and ALT in 11.1% and 7.4% of the patients, respectively. Initially, the level of AST was greater than that of ALT, increasing to maximum levels nine days after the onset of symptoms, then decreasing to normal levels within two weeks. Results of the biochemical tests did not differ significantly between the cases with and without hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, but significantly higher elevations of AST, ALT, and G-GT were observed in patients with episodes of bleeding. Liver biopsies of two patients showed features of lobular hepatitis. Of the five fatal cases, three died of hepatic failure. It is concluded that dengue fever may cause hepatic injury and transaminase elevation similar to that in patients with conventional viral hepatitis. In epidemic or endemic areas, dengue fever infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis.
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PMID:Liver biochemical tests and dengue fever. 135 50


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