Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
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PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

It has been generally accepted that congestive heart failure does not lead to fulminant hepatic failure, unless it is associated with cardiac shock or low cardiac output. Only three cases have been reported, in which liver congestion is followed by fulminant hepatic failure without a history of shock or low cardiac output. Here we present a case of a 48-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and pulmonary infarction, who developed fulminant hepatic failure from congestion. When he was admitted for the control of diabetes mellitus, hepatomegaly of 3-finger breadth and marked cardiomegaly without pulmonary congestion was noted. Diabetes was controlled using insulin. But 3 weeks after admission, he sometimes complained of back dullness because of pulmonary infarction. His heart gradually increased in size, and Jugular venous dilatation and pretibial pitting edema also worsened. Jaundice was noted and serum GOT and GPT increased. A large liver of 6-finger breath below the right costal margin was able to be felt. But within one week, the size of the liver markedly decreased and the signs of hepatic failure such as jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy and numerous petechiae appeared. Blood pressure was maintained and no hypotension or cardiac shock was noted. The patient died of fulminant hepatic failure on the 20th days after onset of the hepatic failure. The autopsy revealed liver atrophy with severe central lobular necrosis, and thrombus in the right main pulmonary artery which caused severe pulmonary infarction. The mechanism of fulminant hepatic failure not accompanied with low cardiac output is discussed.
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PMID:[A case of fulminant hepatic failure secondary to congestive heart failure]. 187 44

4'-Epidoxorubicin (Epi-A) administered immediately prior to liver resection has been suggested as treatment for patients with primary liver carcinoma. Long-term toxicity was studied in rats given a single dose of Epi-A intravenously immediately prior to a standard partial hepatectomy (PH). After 52 weeks only 9% of the rats given 5 mg/kg + PH were alive, 79% of the rats given 2 mg/kg + PH and 92% of the PH control survived. The weight gain of the rats given 5 mg/kg + PH was only 17% of that of PH controls. Signs of congestive heart failure were observed in some rats while in others moderate kidney lesions. No histopathological lesions were detected by light microscopy in heart, liver, spleen and bone marrow. For the rats given 2 mg/kg + PH body weight gain, microscopic observations and blood chemistry data (total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea) were comparable to the PH controls. No significant differences in survival were registered between partially hepatectomized and sham-operated rats. The results indicate that Epi-A may be given preoperatively to liver resection without inducing long-term effects on vital organs.
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PMID:Long-term toxicity of preoperative 4'-epidoxorubicin (Epi-adriamycin) in partially hepatectomized rats. 193 80

A sharp and unusually high increase in the serum of glutamic-oxalacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and of lactic-dehydrogenase accompanied the terminal events, acute pulmonary edema with cardiogenic shock, in 2 patients suffering from chronic congestive heart failure caused by dilatative myocardiopathy. Experimental and clinical data raises the possibility that the considerable enzymic increase may be due to the combined effect of chronic stasis and acute ischemia on the liver.
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PMID:[Acute hepatic ischemia and cardiogenic shock in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. 208 28

To characterize the incidence and severity of liver function abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure, we analyzed systemic hemodynamics and biochemical profiles in 133 patients with stable chronic congestive heart failure, secondary to a dilated cardiomyopathy. The patients were divided into three groups, based on the severity of the reduction in cardiac index (CI). The mean values of all liver function tests in groups 1 (n = 43; CI greater than or equal to 2.0 L/min/m2) and 2 (n = 48; CI greater than 1.5 and less than 2.0 L/min/m2) were essentially normal, except for minimally elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and slightly decreased albumin levels in both groups, and slight increases in levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and total bilirubin in group 2. In contrast, group 3 patients (n = 42; CI less than or equal to 1.5 L/min/m2) had the most severe heart failure, as assessed by the lowest CI and highest cardiac filling pressures, and significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (65 +/- 82 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (77 +/- 102 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (282 +/- 91 U/L), and total bilirubin (29 +/- 14 mumol/L [1.7 +/- 0.8 mg/dL]). The percentage of patients in group 3 with these abnormalities ranged between 27% and 80%. Although linear regression analysis showed that the elevations in right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressures, and the decreases in CI, were significantly correlated with liver function abnormalities, the correlation coefficients were small. Thus, liver function abnormalities remain common in patients with congestive heart failure but are generally small in magnitude and not associated with clinically apparent hepatic disease. It is likely that reduced forward flow and passive backward congestion are both contributing factors in the pathogenesis of these biochemical abnormalities, although nonhemodynamic factors may also be important.
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PMID:Liver function abnormalities in chronic heart failure. Influence of systemic hemodynamics. 360 80

Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 131 cats during a 3 1/2-year period. The cats ranged in age from 6 to 20 years; there was no breed or sex predilection. The most frequent clinical signs included weight loss, polyphagia, increased activity, polydipsia, polyuria, and vomiting. Common serum biochemical abnormalities included high values for alkaline phosphatase activity (75%), lactate dehydrogenase activity (66%), aspartate transaminase activity (66%), and alanine transaminase activity (54%). Electrocardiographic changes included tachycardia (greater than or equal to 240 beats/min) and increased R-wave amplitude in lead II (greater than or equal to 0.9 mV) in 66% and 29% of the 131 cats, respectively. Thoracic radiography in 82 cats revealed cardiomegaly in 40 (49%) of these cats; 16 cats with congestive heart failure also had pulmonary edema or pleural effusion. In 5 cats with markedly increased fecal volume, mean 48-hour fecal fat content was significantly greater than normal, with daily fat excretion 2 to 15 times the upper limit of normal. Base-line serum thyroxine concentrations were increased above normal range in all cats, whereas triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in 127 (97%) of the 131 cats. In 11 cats tested, mean thyroxine concentration did not increase significantly after thyroid-stimulating hormone administration. Mean 24-hour percentage of thyroid radioiodine uptake in 32 hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (39.1%) than normal (9.2%). Thyroid scans, performed on 126 cats, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 36 (29%) and both lobes in 90 (71%) of the cats.
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PMID:Feline hyperthyroidism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 131 cases. 687 10

Acute idopathic pericarditis can be accompanied by myocarditis, and in all types of acute pericarditis there are electrocardiographic signs of myocardial lesions. In order to determine the severity of the myocardial disease in acute idiopathic pericarditis, a prospective study has been carried out in a group of 25 patients with this diagnosis. The clinical evaluation included phonomecardiographic measurements of the systolic intervals, Weissler index in 24 cases, and echocardiographic study of the left ventricle in eight cases. Besides that, the serum levels of the myocardial enzymes (GOT, GPT, CPK, and LDH and its isoenzymes) were determined in all cases. The results showed a gallop rhythm in 8 percent of the cases, supraventricular arrhythmias in 4 percent, dysfunction of the left ventricle by systolic intervals and/or echocardiography in 32 percent, and increase of the myocardial enzymes in 24 percent, which represents a global incidence of myocardial disease of 44 percent. However, only three patients presented clinical manifestations of myocardial disease, although the congestive cardiac failure was always secondary to cardiac tamponade and not to myocardial failure. The increase of myocardial enzymes can determine important problems of differential diagnosis with an acute myocardial infarction. The clinical course was favourable in all of the cases, including the ones which showed myocardial disease.
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PMID:[Myocardial disease in acute idiopathic pericarditis (author's transl)]. 736 77

We report the usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation (ShVO2) during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction. The patient was a 55-year-old man who had been suffering from acute aortic regurgitation due to bacterial endocarditis. Indocyanine green retention test at 15 min was 55%. Serum GOT, GPT and T bilirubin were 56 U.l-1, 35 U.l-1 and 1.5 mg.dl-1 respectively. Aortic valve replacement was scheduled in spite of severe liver dysfunction because amelioration of congestive heart failure after the operation was expected to improve liver dysfunction to the previous chronic state. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by intermittent administration of diazepam and low dose of fentanyl with 100% oxygen. After induction, we inserted a balloon tipped pulmonary catheter with ultra-red beam into hepatic vein by fluoroscopy guidance and monitored ShVO2 as an index of hepatic oxygen supply/demand balance. During re-insertion of a thoracic catheter, we could detect the continued decrease in hepatic vein saturation even after the improvement of systemic circulatory state. Postoperatively, liver function became slightly worse for a short period and improved thereafter. These results suggest that ShVO2 monitoring is clinically useful in detecting hepatic oxygen supply/demand imbalance which circulatory monitoring could not uncover during open heart surgery.
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PMID:[The usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction]. 763 78

A 3-year-old patient treated with nitroprusside for congestive heart failure had 6.5 mmol/L thiocyanate (toxic, >1.5 mmol/L) and 110 micromol/L cyanide (toxic, >5 micromol/L) present in her blood. At this time a whole-blood glucose concentration assayed on the Nova Stat Profile 5 Plus (Stat Profile) was 25.1 mmol/L. Plasma from that specimen analyzed on a Kodak Ektachem 700 analyzer (E700) indicated 5.2 mmol/L glucose. We investigated the potential interference of dissolved thiocyanate or cyanide on glucose and other routine assays. Toxic concentrations of thiocyanate increased Stat Profile glucose values and E700 total calcium, chloride, and creatinine values. Stat Profile ionized calcium values were decreased by toxic concentrations of thiocyanate. Cyanide (100 micromol/L) decreased alanine aminotransferase activity measured on the E700. Interference with the Stat Profile glucose assay may have been caused by thiocyanate oxidation at the glucose electrode.
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PMID:Interference in glucose and other clinical chemistry assays by thiocyanate and cyanide in a patient treated with nitroprusside. 867 10

We report the case of a young man first seen by is in 1989 at the age of 20 years. The diagnoses of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolf-parkinson-White syndrome, congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension were made. One month later the patient had jaundice and hepatomegaly and a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis A was established by laboratory findings. The ALT and AST levels were persistently elevated, seven times the normal mean, during six years. Two liver biopsies in 1991 and 1993 showed liver injury secondary to congestive heart failure (CHF) as the only abnormality. This case illustrates the importance of liver injury secondary to CHF as a cause of a marked and persistent increase of ALT and AST that resembles that of other liver diseases.
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PMID:[A case of elevated transaminases caused by congestive heart failure simulating chronic hepatitis]. 938 Sep 78


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