Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of warm ischemia were investigated in obese Zucker rats with severe hepatic steatosis in order to develop a nontransplant fatty liver ischemia model. Obese (Ob) and lean (Ln) Zucker rats were subjected to in vivo partial hepatic warm ischemia of 45 or 90 min. Injury was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase, animal survival, and liver histology. Liver lipids were quantified in control animals. After 90-min ischemia and 2-hr reperfusion, liver malondialdehyde was measured and neutrophils in 12 microscopic fields were counted after esterase staining. After 45 and 90 min of ischemia, Ob animals had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase at 1-hr and 24-hr reperfusion, compared with Ln animals (P < 0.01). After 90 min of ischemia, none of the Ln and 8/9 Ob animals died within 48 hr (P < 0.01). Histologically, Ob animals had more hepatocyte necrosis than did Ln animals. Hepatic neutral and phospholipid content (mg/g) in Ob versus Ln animals was 45.2 +/- 2.6 versus 8.2 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.01) and 36.2 +/- 1.9 versus 27 +/- 2.2 (P < 0.05), respectively. After reperfusion, liver malondialdehyde content increased significantly in Ob animals (8.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 12.3 +/- 0.8 pM/mg protein; P < 0.05), but not in Ln animals. Neutrophils, scant in control livers, increased significantly (P < 0.01) after ischemia/RP, but it increased to a similar degree in Ob and Ln animals. Obese Zucker rats with hepatic steatosis are more susceptible to warm ischemia/reperfusion injury than lean animals, and lipid peroxidation may be an important contributory mechanism. Further studies in this model might help to investigate the human problem.
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PMID:Studies of hepatic warm ischemia in the obese Zucker rat. 770 52

Functional abnormalities of the liver uncovered during preoperative routine evaluation were analyzed in 109 donor candidates for 100 cases of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) performed during the period from June, 1990 to May, 1994 at the Second Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital. High serum transaminase (GOT, GPT) levels were noted in 10 (9.2%) cases among 109 candidates, high alkaline phosphatase in 4 (3.7%), hyperbilirubinemia in 3 (2.8%), anemia in 3 and high choline esterase in 3 cases. Positive hepatitis C antibody (HCV) was also noted in 1 case. Fatty liver was detected in 10 (9.2%) cases, cholecystitis in 2 cases, 1 case each of cyst and calcification in the liver by diagnostic imaging (ultra sonograph and/or computed tomography). These abnormalities of the liver necessitated replacing the initial candidate with the other parent in 9 cases, including 1 case without any functional abnormality whose graft liver was too large to fit the recipient abdominal cavity. There were 14 cases of ABO blood type incompatible combination. Switching the initial candidate due to these abnormalities mentioned above resulted in incompatible combinations in 4 of these 14 cases. Although the advantages of the LRLT are the superior viability of the donor graft and the genetic histocompatibility between recipient and donor, to optimize the advantage of LRLT, all donor candidates should be strongly advised to make every effort preoperatively to improve their physical condition in preparation for the LRLT protocol, since many of these abnormalities are typically reversible.
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PMID:Analysis of functional abnormalities uncovered during preoperative evaluation of donor candidates for living-related liver transplantation. 774 84

The presence of hepatic steatosis was determined in 180 middle-aged male workers by ultrasonography and was found in 39 (22%) of them. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and serum levels of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) were higher in the subjects with hepatic steatosis. Although the volume of alcohol consumed in a week did not differ between the subjects with and without hepatic steatosis, the hepatic steatosis was thought to relate to both increased body mass and alcohol consumption because the elevations of serum AST and gamma-GTP in the subjects depended largely on alcohol consumption but not on BMI. The results of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test showed a higher blood glucose at 120 minutes and a higher plasma immunoreactive insulin at baseline, 60 and 120 minutes in the subjects with hepatic steatosis, being adjusted for age, BMI and alcohol consumption. The significant association between serum gamma-GTP and BP, which had been often observed in alcohol consumers, was no longer significant after adjustment for plasma insulin levels whereas plasma insulin showed a significant association with BP. These results suggest the possibility that hypertension in alcohol consumers, and also in obese people, relates at least partly to hyperinsulinaemia associated with progression in hepatic steatosis.
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PMID:Association between hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia as related to hypertension in alcohol consumers and obese people. 775 70

Of 1,756 liver biopsies performed in the years 1987-1991, in 139 cases the patients exhibited both a nearly normal liver histology and elevated GGT values. After exclusion of patients with known causes for an elevated GGT 15 patients were selected, who over at least one year, were documented as having at least 3 measured GGT values with an average of over 40 U/l. In the follow-up of 1-15 years a typical constellation was detectable: longterm elevation of GGT (average 47-156 U/l, moreover a smaller degree of elevation of GLDH and GPT), minimal deviations from norm in liver histology (periportal fibrosis and/or fatty liver degeneration), and functional abdominal complaints. This triad occurred predominantly in middle-aged males, did not exhibit laboratory-chemical or histological signs of progression or regression tendencies and could be interpreted as a "functional" liver disorder with parelleles to M. Gilbert-Meulengracht.
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PMID:[Increased gamma-GT, minimal changes in liver histology, abdominal complaints--a functional liver liver disease]. 775 3

Family history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as a risk factor of HCC. The pathogenesis is still uncertain. In order to evaluate the risk factors and to detect the small HCC. 721 asymptomatic family members (419 males and 302 females with a mean age of 40.21 years) of the index cases of HCC received a series of examinations including: serum GOT, GPT, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). HBsAg, Anti-HCV, and abdominal ultrasonography (US). Of the 18 patients with liver tumor detected by US. 6 were proved to be HCC, 8 were hemangioma, and the nature of the rest was undetermined. The US found 22 with cirrhosis, 24 with chronic liver disease, 133 with fatty liver, and 14 with a liver cyst. The incidence of HCC in our study was 0.96% in males (4 of 419 cases), and 0.66% in females (2 of 302 cases) which was much higher than that in the general population of Taiwan (0.025% in males and 0.01% in females). The positive rate of HBsAg in the participants, including all the newly detected HCC patients, was 46.5% (335 cases) which was also higher than the prevalence in Taiwan (15-20%). Male, sibling and liver cirrhosis seemed to have higher risk. These results suggest that family members of patients with HCC have a high risk of developing HCC. The hepatitis B virus may be the most important link. Early diagnosis is possible by screening the family members by means of AFP and abdominal US.
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PMID:Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma with familial tendency. 776 61

To evaluate the relation between the working conditions and the workers' health, particularly the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia, we analyzed physiological examination data and the questionnaire survey about life behaviors and working conditions during the terms of car manufacturing work and car sales work among 61 male subjects. In the physiological examination data, compared with the term of car manufacturing work, the values of body weight, body mass index (BMI), GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, TG and T-CHO elevated and the prevalences of obesity and liver disorder increased during the term of car sales work. During the term of car sales work, the prevalences of alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers increased and the changes of food intake behaviors were noted. It was estimated that the changes of food intake behaviors associated with the differences of working conditions contributed increasing number of obesity and liver disorder that was based on fatty liver caused by hyperlipidemia. These results of this study suggested that working conditions associated with the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia were important to conduct the effective health education in the present occupational health administration.
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PMID:[The study of the relation between the working conditions and the prevalences of obesity, liver disorder and hyperlipidemia: evaluation of physiological examination data during the terms of car manufacturing work and car sales work]. 778 Aug 61

We developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) protein, and examined serum OCT concentrations in patients with various liver diseases. OCT concentrations were markedly elevated in cases of hepatic encephalopathy, 'acute on chronic', and those with the acute phase of acute hepatitis, moderately in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, and slightly in those with a fatty liver. High percentages (92-98%) of patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma had higher than normal concentrations of serum OCT protein. There was a close correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and moderate correlations with those of mitochondrial AST, glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The OCT/ALT ratio was higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.001), and was still higher in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.05). In 2 patients with 'acute on chronic' disease, OCT concentrations decreased similarly with or more rapidly than AST or ALT activities after admission. In 2 patients with hepatic encephalopathy, the OCT concentrations changed similarly with AST and ALT activities. This OCT ELISA system will aid in diagnosing various liver diseases and in the follow-up of the patients, and the OCT/ALT ratio may serve for a differential diagnosis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with liver diseases. 778 67

The mitochondrial FAD-linked enzyme glycerophosphate dehydrogenase plays a key role in the pancreatic B-cell glucose sensing device. In the present study, the activity of this enzyme was examined in islets of fa/fa rats in which inherited diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinism and severe insulin resistance. The specific activity of both FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase were decreased in islet and liver homogenates prepared from fa/fa, as compared to Fa/Fa, rats, this coinciding with a low ratio between glutamateoxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity in both islet and liver extracts, islet hyperplasia, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic steatosis in the hyperglycemic fa/fa rats. It is speculated that a low activity of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the pancreatic B-cell may participate to the perturbation of glucose homeostasis in fa/fa rats, like in other animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Impaired FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in islet and liver homogenates of fa/fa rats. 783 41

Liver metastasis located at the confluence of the major hepatic veins developed after an operation for sigmoid colon carcinoma in a 63-year-old patient. Curative resection of the tumor was performed by in situ hypothermic perfusion of the liver and extracorporeal circulation. Intra-abdominal bleeding occurred on the first postoperative day, and ligation of the right inferior phrenic artery was performed via an emergency laparotomy. Only mild elevation of ALT and recovery of the arterial ketone body ratio to the "safety zone" was noted on the second postoperative day. Hepatic function gradually deteriorated after the 4th postoperative day with no distinct cause. Diffuse fatty liver was suspected as a cause of liver failure. The patient died on the 31st postoperative day. The problems encountered in this case are discussed in this paper.
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PMID:Hepatectomy with extracorporeal circulation for liver metastasis from colon carcinoma located at the confluence of the major hepatic vein: a case report. 805 3

Clinical evidence indicates that patients with iron overload are more susceptible to liver cell damage from alcohol than persons with normal iron stores. Iron may act as a co-factor to catalyze the lipid peroxidation induced by hepatotoxic compounds such as alcohol. To elucidate the role of iron in ethanol-induced hepatocellular damage, we developed a new experimental model in the rat. Following dietary carbonyl iron feeding for 8 weeks, animals were pair-fed a liquid ethanol diet for 4 weeks. In iron-fed animals the liver iron content was 6.4 vs. 0.5 micrograms Fe/mg protein in the controls. Blood alcohol concentrations were similar in all ethanol-fed animals. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated to 269 +/- 49 U/l in the iron+alcohol group compared to 52 +/- 6 U/l in the other groups. There was a strong correlation between ALT levels and hepatic iron content in the ethanol-fed animals. Morphologically, the alcohol-fed rats displayed hepatic steatosis, whereas occasional inflammation and iron in Kupffer cells was seen in the iron+alcohol animals. Ultrastructurally, necrotic hepatocytes and cells phagocytosed by Kupffer cells were only encountered in the iron+alcohol group. Compared to controls, the liver content of hydroxyproline was significantly increased in the iron+alcohol group. No morphological evidence of fibrosis was noted. The present study demonstrates biochemical and morphological evidence of increased hepatocellular damage following the combination of iron and ethanol.
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PMID:Iron increases ethanol toxicity in rat liver. 844 9


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