Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The similarities between clinical features of erythema infectiosum and collagen disease or other viral infections prompted us to investigate clinical manifestations and laboratory data of parvovirus B19 (B19) infection in adults. We diagnosed all five patients as acute B19 infection by antibody assays. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 39 years old (mean 29), and all patients were female. All five patients showed high fever, arthralgia and edema of the extremities. Four of the five patients showed skin rash of the extremities or cheeks. Two patients were diagnosed as erythema infectiosum by family physicians before coming to us. The three remaining patients were suspected to be systemic lupus erythematosus, adult Still disease or rubella indivisually and referred to our hospital. A-27-old female (case 5) visited our hospital because of polyarthralgia and butterfly rash on her face. A test for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was positive at a dilution of 1:320. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was also detected by latex fixation test. Her AST was 51 IU/L, ALT 68 IU/L and LDH 568 IU/L. Her symptoms persisted for 3 weeks and hepatic dysfunction recovered within 3 weeks. Five months later. ANA was negative at the dilution of less than 1:40. We suggest that the similarities between some symptoms of B19 infection and clinical and serological manifestation of collagen diseases merit closer attention.
 ...
PMID:[Five cases of erythema infectiosum in adults]. 1149 63

A 26-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of arthralgia and general fatigue. On examination, she had malar rash and arthritis. Laboratory data revealed AST, ALT and gamma-globulin elevation, antinuclear antibody and double-stranded DNA antibody positivity, and LE cell phenomenon. Liver biopsy showed marked lymphocytic infiltration and slight fibrosis in the portal areas. She was diagnosed with lupoid hepatitis, and also satisfied the criteria for SLE including malar rash, arthritis, immunologic disorder and antinuclear antibody. She was administered prednisolone, after which AST and ALT decreased. She developed psychosis and her electroencephalogram showed diffuse slow waves corresponding to psychosis by SLE. Lupoid hepatitis is frequently associated with various systemic manifestations. However, only a few cases of lupoid hepatitis satisfying the criteria for SLE associated with psychosis have been reported.
 ...
PMID:[A case of lupoid hepatitis satisfying criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus associated with psychosis]. 1155 25

The recombinant dengue virus type-4 vaccine candidate 2AA30 was attenuated in rhesus monkeys due to an engineered 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3'-untranslated region of the viral genome. A clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of 2Adelta30 was conducted with 20 adult human volunteers. The vaccine candidate was well tolerated and did not cause systemic illness in any of the 20 volunteers. Viremia was detectable in 14 volunteers at a mean level of 1.6 log10 plaque-forming units/ml of serum, although all 20 volunteers seroconverted with a seven-fold or greater increase in serum neutralizing antibody titer on day 28 post-vaccination (mean titer = 1:580). A mild, asymptomatic, macular rash developed in 10 volunteers, and a transient elevation in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase was noted in five volunteers. The low level of reactogenicity and high degree of immunogenicity of this vaccine candidate warrant its further evaluation and its use to create chimeric vaccine viruses expressing the structural genes of dengue virus types 1, 2, and 3.
 ...
PMID:Attenuation and immunogenicity in humans of a live dengue virus type-4 vaccine candidate with a 30 nucleotide deletion in its 3'-untranslated region. 1171 91

The diagnosis of obstetric cholestasis (OC) has serious implications for maternal, and especially fetal, health. Total serum bile acid concentration is an important investigation in any woman with itching in the absence of a rash during pregnancy. Results should be available within 1-2 working days. Pruritus plus raised total bile acids in the third trimester suggests a diagnosis of OC. Other biochemical abnormalities, usually a raised alanine aminotransferase, accompany or follow the finding of raised bile acids. Bile acids are sensitive, but not specific, markers for OC. The diagnosis is one of exclusion. The clinician should remain alert to other causes of liver dysfunction, either specific to pregnancy or not. Effective treatment is available that improves maternal biochemical indices and well-being. It is not clear whether such treatment reduces the risks to the fetus. More active management of OC pregnancies has reduced the associated fetal and perinatal mortality.
 ...
PMID:Role of bile acid measurement in pregnancy. 1192 58

Surveillance for scrub typhus was conducted in Japan in 1998 using a questionnaire. A total of 462 cases were reported. Scrub typhus occurred in both the fall and spring in the northern part of Honshu (the main island), and in the fall in the central part of Honshu and on the island of Kyushu. The occurrence of the disease varied with age, gender, and activity. Seventy-six percent of the patients were more than 51 years old, and 36% and 16% of the patients were engaged in farm work and forestry, respectively. Fever, rash, and eschar were detected in 98%, 93%, and 97% of the patients, respectively. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase were detected in 96%, 87%, and 77% of the patients, respectively. Disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in 34 cases and had a unique regional distribution. This study shows the status of scrub typhus in Japan in 1998 and provides important information for diagnosis and prevention.
 ...
PMID:Scrub typhus in Japan: epidemiology and clinical features of cases reported in 1998. 1238 41

This randomized, double-blind study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol and Octa-60 in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. After 4 weeks on a diet, 110 patients were randomized to policosanol or Octa-60 5 mg tablets once a day for 5 weeks. The dose was then doubled to 10 mg/day for the next 5 weeks. Policosanol 5 and 10 mg/day significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.0001 and p<0.00001), the main efficacy variable, by 18.6% and 30.2%, while Octa-60 significantly reduced (p<0.05) LDL-C by 10.0% at study completion only. The frequency of policosanol patients reaching reductions of LDL-C > or = 15% after 5 mg/day (37/55; 67.3%) and 10 mg/day (47/55; 88.7%) was greater (p<0.01 and p<0.01) than in the Octa-60 group, which was 5/55 (9.1%) and 20/55 (36.4%). Likewise, the frequency of patients reaching LDL-C values of <3.4 mmol/l at study completion was greater (p<0.001) in the policosanol group (39/55, 70.9%) than in the Octa-60 group (6/55, 10.9%). Policosanol 5 and 10 mg/day significantly lowered (p<0.00001) total cholesterol (TC) (13.4% and 20.4%), LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (22.1% and 37.0%) and TC/HDL-C (17.2% and 28.2%). Octa-60 at 10 mg/day lowered (p<0.05) TC (8.7%), LDL-C/HDL-C (12.6%) and TC/HDL-C (9.4%). HDL-C was increased (p<0.001 and 0.0001) by policosanol 5 and 10 mg/day (5.6% and 12.5%) but was unchanged by Octa-60. In both groups, triglycerides remained unchanged. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated. Octa-60, but not policosanol, significantly increased glucose and alanine aminotransferase, but individual values were within the normal range. Four patients (two from each group) discontinued the trial, but only one (in the Octa-60 group) did so because of an adverse event (AE) (skin rash). Overall, three patients (all from the Octa-60 group) reported AEs. In conclusion, original policosanol at 5 and 10 mg/day, but not Octa 60, was effective in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Thus, policosanol reached the efficacy criterion for LDL-C reduction in both steps, while Octa-60 failed to reach this goal. In addition, policosanol was better tolerated than Octa-60.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of original policosanol versus other mixtures of higher aliphatic primary alcohols in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. 1250 76

The efficacy of a newly developed macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin, for infections in the field of surgery, was investigated clinically by means of collaborative studies conducted in 17 major institutes and their affiliated hospitals throughout Japan. The following results were obtained. Clinical assessment: Azithromycin was administered at a dose of 250 mg or 500 mg once a day for 3 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 170 patients. These subjects consisted of 81 with superficial purulent diseases, 12 with mastitis, 25 with periproctal abscess, 42 with superficial secondary infection due to trauma, burn and operative wound, 5 with cholecystitis or cholangitis, and 5 with other infections. The clinical efficacy rate was 96.3% (78/81) for superficial purulent diseases, 83.3% (10/12) for mastitis, 84.0%(21/25) for periproctal abscess, and 76.2%(32/42) for superficial secondary infection due to trauma, burn and operative wound. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 88.8%(151/170) respectively. The bacteriological eradication rate was 87.9%(116/132) for gram-positive bacteria, 85.0%(34/40) for gram-negative bacteria, and 100%(63/63) for anaerobic strains of casual bacteria, which were isolated from 140 patients. The overall bacteriological eradication rate was 90.6%(213/235) respectively. Adverse effects were observed in 6 of 170 patients in whom they were evaluated. They consisted of gastrointestinal symptoms in 5 patients and exanthema in 1. Abnormal changes in clinical laboratory test values were observed in 5 patients, and consisted of eosinophilia in 1, elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT in 1, elevations of S-GOT, S-GPT and gamma-GTP in 1, elevation of S-GPT in 1, and elevations of AL-P and gamma-GTP in 1. These results suggest that azithromycin is very useful for surgical infections in the field of surgery.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies of azithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, for infections in the field of surgery]. 1257 91

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Although many of its adverse effects are well recognized, TMP-SMZ related hepatotoxicity is considered rare and is usually characterized by cholestasis or mixed hepatocellular-holestatic reactions. In this study, we describe the case of a previously healthy young man with acute fulminant liver failure caused by TMP-SMZ. The patient presented with complaints of 'flu-like' symptoms with myalgia and fever after taking TMP-SMZ for 7 d for otitis externa. The patient subsequently developed fever, worsening jaundice, and a rash on his neck and chest. Liver enzymes peaked on day 3 with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 11,549, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 23,289, alkaline phosphatase 245, and total bilirubin 10.3 mg/dL, with a conjugated bilirubin of 8.3 mg/dL, prothrombin time (PT) 60.5 s, partial normalized ratio (PTT) 49 s, and international normalized ratio (INR) 7.5. Of note, acetaminophen level on admission was undetectable. Serology for hepatitis A, B, C, cytomegalovirus, HIV, toxoplasmosis, and blood cultures were all negative. The patient developed hepatic encephalopathy with hallucination on day 4. Laboratory tests revealed a serum ammonia level of 190 U, serum creatinine kinase (CK) 10,466 (42 on admission), serum creatinine 8.2 mg/dL (1.2 on admission), and significant metabolic acidosis. Renal ultrasound was unremarkable. The patient was started on hemodialysis for acute renal failure. Meanwhile, liver transplantation assessment was also initiated. On day 8 post-admission (15 d after taking TMP-SMZ), the patient received a successful orthotopic liver transplant.
 ...
PMID:Successful orthotopic liver transplantation after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole associated fulminant liver failure. 1470 31

Between the dates of May 4th-August 6th 2002, 46 cases were detected with abdominal pain nausea, vomiting, arthralgia/myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea and rash, in the middle Blacksea and north inner Anatolia regions. Their laboratory findings yielded elevated levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH), leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. As the infection was treated easily with tetracyclines, clinical diagnosis was considered to be rickettsiosis or ehrlichiosis. Serum and blood samples obtained from some of the patients were tested against Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Leptospira and Coxiella, in the national and international laboratories. Samples from 19 patients were sent to National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Rickettsial Reference and Research Laboratory, France, and 7 of them were reported as acute Q fever while 8 of them were reported as passed Q fever (QF) cases. In May 2003, new cases with similar symptoms have been reported from the same regions, with different epidemiologic and serologic findings (tick exposure history was higher, response to tetracycline was lower, C. burnetii antibodies were negative), indicating a viral etiology. The samples of these patients have been sent to National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Viral Heamorrhagic Fevers, France, and the initial reports were marked as Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Then the serum samples of previous 26 patients which were stored in National Serum Bank have been retrospectively investigated for viral aetiology in the same center, and 17 of them have been found positive for CCHFV IgM antibodies. Four of these patients were diagnosed as acute QF in 2002, one was passed QF, 2 were negative for QF and 10 were patients not investigated for QF. As a result, the detection of the both infections together in the same area shows the essential need for further epidemiological investigations.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiological evaluation of a possible outbreak in and nearby Tokat province]. 1529

We have performed a case-control analysis to determine the significance of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features as predictive factors of rickettsioses among patients in Sangkhla Buri, Thailand (Thai-Myanmar border). Fifteen serologically-confirmed rickettsiosis patients including Spotted Fever Group (SFG) rickettsioses, scrub typhus, and murine typhus were classified as 'cases'; one hundred and sixty-three acutely febrile patients presenting to the same hospital during the same time period, who had no serological evidence of acute rickettsiosis, were classified as 'controls'. Patients' report of rash/arthropod bite [Odds ratio (OR) 22.90, 95% CI (confidence interval) 6.23, 84.13] and history of jungle trips (OR 5.30, 95% CI 1.69-16.62) were significant risk factors. Elevated ALT (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.04, 8.88) and depressed platelet count (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.13, 10.10) were also useful differentiating markers of rickettsioses in this population. Definitive diagnosis of rickettsioses is difficult without specialized diagnostic capabilities that are rarely available in remote areas such as Sangkhla Buri, where other acute febrile illnesses with similar presentation are commonly found. The relative importance of predictive factors presented here may provide clinicians with some useful guidance in distinguishing rickettsioses from other acute febrile illnesses. Timely administration of empiric treatment in highly suspicious cases can deter potential morbidity from these arthropod-borne infections.
 ...
PMID:A study of'febrile illnesses on the Thai-Myanmar border: predictive factors of rickettsioses. 1568 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10