Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Clinical pharmacology The pharmacological studies on tobramycin (TOB) were studied in clinical patients. The peak serum levels following intravenous drip infusion (i.v.d.) administration of TOB 60 mg were 4.62 mcg/ml in 0.5 hour and 4.09 mcg/ml in 1 hour respectively which achieved at the discontinuance of the drug. In 1 case, the concentration in serum and urinary recovery were determined when 60 mg of TOB was given twice a day in i.v.d. at an interval of 5 hours. The peak serum level was 4.11 mcg/ml at the first administration, and 4.96 mcg/ml at the second. No significant accumulation of the drug was observed. The urinary recovery of TOB during 0 approximately 11.5 hours was 44%. 2. Clinical results Tobramycin was administered in a dose of 60 approximately 120 mg once or twice a day by i.v.d. against 18 cases of chronic complicated UTI. The duration of treatment varied but generally 5 days. An overall excellent or moderate effect was seen in 81%. 3. Clinical chemistry The clinical abnormal values from laboratory tests of renal, hepatic function and peripheral hematology in patients treated with TOB were observed in 2 cases. In 1 case BUN increase (17.6 leads to 23 mg/dl) and in the other GOT and GPT elevations (GOT 24.1 leads to 66.7 u, GPT 26.2 u leads to 68.8 u). The abnormal values, however, returned to normal within 2 weeks after the discontinuance of the drug. 4. Clinical tolerance Adverse reactions were encountered in 2 cases. The 1 case yielded skin rash with itching in the second day after therapy. The other case complained of general itching with mild headache 2 days after starting therapy. In the above cases TOB treatment was discontinued, soon after appearing these symptoms. The complete recovery was recognized within 2 days in each case. 5. Summary Based on the clinical pharmacology and clinical studies, intravenous drip infusion administration of tobramycin can be given safely and effectively in treatment of chronic complicated UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluations of tobramycin in treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infections by intravenous drip infusion administration (author's transl)]. 708 77

A 75 year-old man developed fever after one month of quinidine administration 800 mg/day. Significant enlargement of the liver and spleen became evident, associated with marked rise in serum GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. Arthritis also developed, but there was no skin rash nor any changes in the haemoglobin, leucocytes or platelets. The signs and biochemical findings regressed within a few days of stopping quinidine and the temperature became normal. Rechallenge with four doses of the drug produced a rise in the GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. It is thought that this hypersensitivity response is consistent with the description of granulomatous hepatitis, and represents a much less common manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity than the well known skin, gastro-intestinal and haematological side-effects.
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PMID:Hepatosplenomegaly as a manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity. 721 71

Fundamental and clinical studies were made on cefadroxil, a new oral cephalosporin, and the following results were obtained. (1) Antibacterial activity of the drug against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella and P. mirabilis was almost equal to that of cephalexin. The MIC of indole positive Proteus. Enterobacter, Citrobacter, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa to cefadroxil was higher than 100 microgram/ml in almost all strains. (2) Serum concentrations following an oral administration of 10.0 to 14.3 mg/kg of cefadroxil dry syrup was highest at 2 hours in 2 cases and 1 hour in 1 case, respectively, which were 13.4 to 17.1 microgram/ml, and 1.8 to 6.8 microgram/ml at 4 hours with an T 1/2 of 1.04 to 1.62 hours and apparently longer continuation of serum concentration than that of cephalexin. Urinary recovery rate was 75-96% up to 6 hours. (3) Fourteen patients, i.e., 6 with tonsillitis and 8 with urinary tract infection, were treated with a daily oral dose of 30-50 mg/kg divided in 4 doses except 1 case divided in 3 doses. The overall efficacy rate was 100%, i.e., excellent in 13, good in 1 and no failure. Causative organisms disappeared in all cases. (4) Adverse reactions, such as diarrhea and skin rash, were not noted at all and 1 case presented a mild elevation of GOT and GPT. (5) Taste and flavor of the drug was well palatable to children. (6) Based on the above results, it is concluded cefadroxil dry syrup is a new potent cephalosporin for oral use in the treatment of acute bacterial infection in children. Daily dose of 40 mg/kg in 3-4 divided doses appeared to be appropriate.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefadroxil dry syrup in children (author's transl)]. 724 5

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a newly introduced antibiotic of the cephamycin series, cefoxitin (CFX), and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Employing clinical isolates, MICs were determined and comparisons made with those of cephalosporins. The MICs of CFX against S. aureus and S. pyogenes slightly inferior to those of the cephalosporins, while the MICs of CFX against Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, Proteus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were considerably superior to those of CER and CET, and slightly superior to those of CEZ. 2. The peak serum concentrations were 34.7 mcg/ml and 67.6 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after an intravenous injection in doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The peak serum concentration was 40.8 mcg/ml at the end of 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion when it was given in a dose of 25 mg/kg. In these cases, the serum half life were 25.8-51.2 minutes, and their urinary recovery were 67-90%. 3. Clinically, CFX was given to the 29 children with a total of 31 of varying bacterial infections: 6 cases of urinary tract infection (U.T.I.), 19 of respiratory tract infection (R.T.I.), 2 of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.), 2 of purulent lymphadenitis and 2 cases of soft tissue dermatological infections. Overall efficacy rate was 83.9% (26 cases). No significant adverse reaction was noted except for 1 case of rash. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 patient and of GPT in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 728 20

Clinical trials of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic were carried out on 17 infantile patients with infections (respiratory tract infection 15, meningitis 1 and sepsis 1). Two patients of the above patients were excluded from the clinical evaluation except side effects because diseases were out of the object of this study. Cefoxitin was given at a dose of 50-104 mg/kg/day q.i.d. except 1 patient (b.i.d.) by a single intravenous injection for 2-27 days. The clinical efficacy obtained was good in 11 patients, fair in 2 patients and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 73.3%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (eosinophilia 1, skin rash 2 and transient elevation of GOT, GPT and LDH 1).
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PMID:[A clinical study of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. 728 23

Using a new cephamycin antibiotic, cefoxitin, clinical studies were carried out, and the following results were obtained: (1) Cefoxitin was administered to 52 children with 38 respiratory tract infections, 2 urinary tract infections, 1 acute otitis media and others, who ranged in age from 2 months to 11 years old. (2) Cefoxitin was given intravenously at a daily dose of 27.3 mg/kg to 110.5 mg/kg. (3) The overall efficacy rate was 80% in 46 cases, i.e., excellent in 10, good in 27, fair in 7 and poor in 2. (4) Clinical side effects were not seen except exanthema in 1 patient. Elevation of GOT and GPT was seen in 2 patients, elevation of A1-P in 1 and eosinophilia in 2 by laboratory tests. However, these findings were alleviated rapidly following the cessation of therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefoxitin in bacterial infections of children (author's transl)]. 728 28

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefroxadine (CXD) were carried out, and we have obtained the following results. (1) Sensitivity distribution: As for the sensitivity distribution in S. aureus, the peak was within the ranges from 3.13 to 6.25 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml, the distribution was less than or equal to 0.1 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, with the peak at 1.56 to 6.25 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, the sensitivity distribution ranged between less than 0.1 and 1.56 microgram/ml, with the peak at 0.1 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml. In the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, however, the all strains were distributed within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.78 microgram/ml, and the growth of 49 out of 54 strains (91%) was inhibited at less than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml. In E. coli, the sensitivity peak was at 25 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml, and 5 strains (9.3%) were detected with greater than 100 microgram/ml. Of the 5 strains, 1 strain showed cross tolerance with CEX, the remaining 4 strains was at 50 microgram/ml and at 25 microgram/ml in 2 strains each. In the case of inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, the sensitivity distribution was all within the ranges from 0.78 to 12.5 microgram/ml, except for 1 strain at 100 microgram/ml, with the peak being within the ranges from 3.13 to 12.5 microgram/ml. As for the above 100 microgram/ml-strain, it was showing cross tolerance with CEX. (2) Serum concentration: CXD was administered at a dose level of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg between meals to 5 children, and CXD concentration in their serum was measured. In the group of the 10 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 8.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 9.15 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 7.4 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 2.85 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 1.0 microgram/ml and 6 hours value; 0.32 microgram/ml, with half-life of 0.88 hours. In the group of the 20 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 11.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 16.8 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 10.7 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 8.15 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 3.33 microgram/ml, 6 hours value; 1.22 microgram/ml, with half-life of 1.03 hours. A significant interrelation in dose response was observed between the 2 groups. (3) CLINICAL RESULTS: Clinical investigation were held in 29 cases (47 boys and 32 girls). Their diseases comprised of 2 acute pharyngitis, 28 acute purulent tonsillitis, 11 scarlet fever, 3 cervical purulent lymphadenitis, 14 acute bronchitis, 7 acute pneumonia, 11 urinary tract infection and 3 skin soft tissue infection. The drug was effective in 74 out of the 79 cases (93.7%). Causative organism was proved in 60 out of the 79 cases. Fifty-five cases (91.7%) were observed bacterial disappearance or reduction in the 60 cases. Side effects were observed in a total of 3 cases (3.8%), i.e. 2 cases of abnormal values in the laboratory findings (an eosinophilia and/or an elevation of the GPT readings) and 1 case of manifestation of exanthema.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefroxadine in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 733 86

A clinical study was conducted on fleroxacin (FLRX) in 143 patients and carriers with infectious enteritis (shigellosis, Salmonella enteritis, Campylobacter enteritis, pathogenic Escherichia coli enteritis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis, cholera, multiple bacterial infections, pathogen-negative enteritis). Furthermore, its antibacterial activity against clinical isolates, fecal concentration and effect on fecal microflora were conducted. FLRX was administered orally in doses of 200 mg once a day (200 mg group) or 300 mg once a day (300 mg group) for 3 days to cholera, for 7 days to Salmonella enteritis and for 5 days to the other infectious enteritis. The clinical efficacy rates were 100% in both the 200 mg and 300 mg groups. The bacteriological efficacy rates were 100% against Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., pathogenic E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae O1, and 63.6% against Campylobacter spp. in the 200 mg group. The rates of the 300 mg group were 93.3% against Shigella spp., and 100% against Campylobacter spp. and pathogenic E. coli. As adverse effects, skin rash was observed in 1 case each in both groups (1.1%, 2.1%). Abnormal laboratory findings consisted of 1 case of increased eosinophils and 1 case of elevated GOT and GPT levels in the 200 mg group (2.8%), and 1 case of elevated GPT in the 300 mg group (2.9%). The clinical usefulness rates were 92.9% and 93.3% in the 200 mg and 300 mg groups, respectively. Antibacterial activity was somewhat inferior to that fo ciprofloxacin and equal to or better than that of norfloxacin, demonstrating MIC90 values against Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., pathogenic E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus and Campylobacter spp. of 0.1, 0.2, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. Peak fecal concentrations of the drug were 49.0 micrograms/g and 274.4 micrograms/g in the 200 mg group, and 43.3 micrograms/g and below the detection limit (5.0 micrograms/g) in the 300 mg group. With respect to fecal microflora (4 cases), a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae was observed in 3 cases during dosing. But this change showed a tendency to recover after completion of dosing. No effects were observed on anaerobic bacteria.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies of fleroxacin on infectious enteritis. Research Group of AM-833 on infectious enteritis]. 782 8

We carried out clinical studies on cefozopran (CZOP, SCE-2787). The results are summarized as follows. Treatment with CZOP was made in 17 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 2 cases of purulent tonsillitis, 11 cases of acute pneumonia and 2 cases each of urinary tract infections and enteritis. Results obtained were excellent in 12 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. All of 9 isolated bacteria were eradicated by the treatment. As side effects and laboratory test results, rash was observed in one case and transient increase of platelets in one case, slight increase of eosinophil in 2 cases and transient elevation of GPT and GOT.GPT in one case.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatric field]. 785 84

We conducted clinical studies on cefozopran (CZOP), a newly developed parenteral cephalosporin, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 16 children with infections, including 9 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute bronchitis, enterocolitis, purulent lymphadenitis, 4 with skin and soft tissue infections. CZOP was administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion. Doses varying from 20 to 35 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 14 days. 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 10 and good in 6 cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. The overall bacterial eradication rate for the pathogenic bacteria was also 100%. 3. Side effect was noted in 1 case with skin rash. Abnormal laboratory test data were found in 5 cases including slight elevations of GPT in 4 cases and GOT in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatrics]. 785 88


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