Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-one patients with serious gram-negative infections were treated with aztreonam. Twenty of these were clinical and microbiologic cures; there was one clinical improvement with microbiologic persistence. No bacteria became resistant. Cure rates were: bone and joint (11 of 11); skin and soft tissue (six of six); pneumonia (two of two); perinephric abscess (one of one); and intra-abdominal abscess (zero of one). The bacteria responsible for these infections included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12), Serratia marcescens (two), Enterobacter gergoviae (three), Enterobacter aerogenes (two), Escherichia coli (one), Citrobacter diversus (one), and Hemophilus influenzae (one). Aztreonam was well tolerated. Significant serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase elevations developed in three patients, but none was symptomatic and all resolved after therapy was stopped. Two patients in whom a rash developed were receiving other antibiotics (vancomycin and metronidazole), making the cause of the rash unclear. Diarrhea developed in a single patient with Pseudomonas osteomyelitis, who also was receiving cefazolin for Staphylococcus aureus superinfection of his decubitus ulcer. Aztreonam was highly effective against gram-negative bacilli, including P. aeruginosa. The only clear-cut side effect was an asymptomatic rise in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels in three patients.
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PMID:Treatment of gram-negative infections with aztreonam. 403 77

Cefotaxime (CTX) was administered to 130 children with various bacterial infections of 41 to 400 mg/kg/day for 2 to 21 days. The clinical effect of CTX was very satisfactory in respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and meningitis. The overall clinical effect was excellent in 59, good in 39, fair in 17 and failure in 8 with effective rate of 79.7%. During this therapy, side effects were seen in 3 cases, diarrhea in 1 and rash in 2. Abnormal laboratory findings were seen in 5 cases, elevation of GOT in 1, GOT, GPT and A1-P in 1, GOT, GPT and T. Bil. in 1, elevation of BUN, increase of number of basophils and albuminuria in 1 and observation of albuminuria in 1. The above results demonstrate that CTX is a clinically useful antibiotic for the therapy of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effect of cefotaxime in the field of pediatrics]. 406 18

A multicenter cooperative clinical trial was carried out on S6472 (a long-acting preparation of cefaclor (CCL)) to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. The results are as follows: The clinical efficacy of the drug could be evaluated in 114 patients. An efficacy rate of 65.8% was obtained. The efficacy rate for each disease was found to be 60.0% for acute suppurative otitis media, 12.5% for chronic suppurative otitis media and 44.4% for acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of suppurative otitis media was 46.4%. The efficacy rate for acute tonsillitis was found to be 93.1%. In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, the efficacy of the drug was rated as excellent or good in all cases. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of tonsillitis was found to be 93.9%. In the treatment of other infectious diseases, the efficacy was rated as excellent or good in all cases. When the cases by resistant organisms to CCL were excluded from the evaluation, the overall efficacy rate of the drug was found to be 74.2%. The bacteria could be identified in 106 cases. Regarding the bacteriological efficacy of single infections, its bacterial elimination rate was found to be 81.1% for Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, etc., while it was 42.9% for Gram-negative bacteria. The overall elimination rate of bacteria in single infections was 73.1%. The bacterial elimination rate for mixed infections was found to be 85.7%, whereas it was 76.8% when the single and mixed infections were combined. Regarding side effects, 1 case each of diarrhea, soft stool and rash, or 3 cases in total (2.4%), were recorded in a total of 123 patients. However, the severity of each side effect was mild. Regarding abnormal laboratory findings, there were 1 case each of an increase in S-GPT, leukopenia and complication of eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia, or 3 cases in total (7.0%). Each of these adverse reactions was, however, transient in nature, and no serious cases were observed. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that S6472 can provide sufficient clinical efficacy when it is administered at daily dosage of 750 mg or 1,500 mg in 2 divided doses after the breakfast and dinner.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of S6472 in otorhinolaryngologic infections]. 406 19

Aztreonam (AZT), a new synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, which is resistant to beta-lactamase and has a strong and specific activity against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patients of 13 cases with localized peritonitis due to acute appendicitis, 3 cases with panperitonitis (1 case with perforative appendicitis, 1 with acute cholecystitis and 1 with pancreatic necrosis) and 4 cases with skin and soft tissue infection (anal fistula and abdominal abscess etc.) were treated by AZT. AZT was administered in a dose of 1 g twice a day by intravenous drip infusion using 100 ml-volume bottle preparation with saline for 4 to 10 days. Clinical efficacy was rated excellent in 2 cases, good in 16 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case (efficacy rate 90.0%). Adverse effects were small skin rash in 1 case, and increased GOT and GPT in 1 case. No adverse effect was recognized in other cases. Therefore, AZT appears to be very useful drug when used for chemotherapy of infectious diseases in surgery.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on aztreonam following intravenous drip infusion]. 407 96

Pharmacokinetics, in vitro, and in vivo effect of aztreonam (SQ 26,776, AZT), a newly synthesized monobactam antibiotic, were investigated in pediatric patients. The pharmacokinetics were studied in 12 children without renal or hepatic impairment, each of whom received single 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg intravenous doses of drug. Serial samples of serum and urine were assayed for AZT. Serum pharmacokinetics of AZT were described by an open, linear, two-compartment kinetic model. After intravenous administration, AZT was eliminated primarily by urinary excretion of unchanged drug (60.4%). The average biological half-lives of AZT in serum were 1.33 (10 mg/kg, n = 1), 1.69 +/- 0.40 (20 mg/kg, n = 8), and 1.51 +/- 0.61 (40 mg/kg, n = 3) hours. The antibacterial activity of AZT against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was equal or slightly stronger than that of CPZ, LMOX, and CTX. It had no antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci. In vivo effect of AZT was evaluated in 13 children with various infections. The result was excellent in 7 cases, good in 1 case, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case, with effective ratio of 66.7%. Exanthema or elevation of GOT and GPT were noticed in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of aztreonam in pediatrics]. 409 61

A randomized double-blind study was performed to compare the side effects of long-term chemoprophylaxis of malaria with Fansidar (1 tablet a week) with those of a 300-mg weekly chloroquine regimen. This study was designed as a field trial with Austrian industrial workers in Nigeria and included 173 volunteers, 86 taking Fansidar and 87 taking chloroquine for 6 to 22 months. Only a few complaints were reported during that time, gastrointestinal disorders predominating in the Fansidar group and insomnia in the chloroquine group (3 cases each). The other complaints in both groups included one case each of skin rash and of visual disturbance, as well as one case of facial erythema after alcohol consumption in the Fansidar group and one of hair loss in the chloroquine group. Laboratory checks were performed at 3-monthly intervals, and included white and red cell counts, platelet counts and determination of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase. There were no signs of drug-associated liver damage. In the Fansidar group there occurred a slight and transient decrease in the red cell count and in the chloroquine group a slight and transient decrease in the white cell count. Although statistically significant, these changes were without clinical significance. It is noteworthy that there were no cases of leucopenia in the Fansidar group. With the exception of one volunteer, who had discontinued his prophylactic drug regimen, malaria did not occur. Antibodies against blood stage parasites as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), however, could be found at different stages of the study, which indicates that these two antimalarials are not causal prophylactic agents.
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PMID:Tolerability of long-term prophylaxis with fansidar: a randomized double-blind study in Nigeria. 615 20

We studied 28 women and two men, with a median age of 20 years, who first had toxic shock syndrome between 1 February 1980 and 15 July 1981. Two of these patients died. All patients had intense myalgia, high fever (greater than or equal to 38.9 degrees C), hypotension or syncope, skin rash and desquamation, and abnormalities in at least three organ systems. Over half had sterile pyuria; immature granulocytic leukocytosis; coagulation abnormalities; hypocalcemia; low serum albumin and total protein concentrations; and elevations of blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, and creatine kinase. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from cultures from sites of soft-tissue infection in both male patients and from 13 of 19 vaginal and eight of 12 cervical cultures. All isolates produced both pyrogenic exotoxin C and enterotoxin F. All patients with a febrile, exanthematous, multisystem illness, particularly one associated with menstruation or a staphylococcal infection, should be promptly evaluated and empirically treated for toxic shock syndrome.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory manifestations of toxic shock syndrome. 621 6

27 episodes of infection in patients with acute leukemia were treated with combination of cefmetazole and piperacillin. Causative bacteria were isolated in each infection. The patients were treated with 6 g cefmetazole and 15 g piperacillin per day in three divided doses. Among the episodes of infection, 21 (78%) of 27 responded to cefmetazole and piperacillin. Adverse reactions were skin rash in 2 patients, transient elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in 3 patients and elevation of creatinine in 1 patient. Cefmetazole and piperacillin appear to be an effective combination, with acceptable adverse reactions, for the empiric therapy of infection in patients with acute leukemia.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of combination of cefmetazole and piperacillin in the treatment of infections in patients with acute leukemia. 622 92

The basic and clinical studies of cefotiam (CTM) in pediatric infections were carried out, and the following results were obtained: 1. The antibacterial activity of CTM against S. aureus was equal or slightly less than that of cefazolin (CEZ). Those of CTM against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were eight times more active than those of CEZ. 2. CTM 20 mg/kg was administered wither by 30 minutes or 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. The peak serum levels were obtained at the end of each drip infusion, with the mean peak levels being 44.8 and 41.4 mcg/ml respectively. The serum levels at 1.5 and 2 hours after drip infusion were 2.8 and 2.2 mcg/ml respectively, and at 3.5 and 4 hours after drip and 4 hours after drip infusion were 0.3 and 0.7 mcg/ml respectively. The half lives were 0.62 and 1.15 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion over 6 hours were 52.8% in ;the 30 minutes drip infusion group and 42.6% in the 1 hour drip infusion group. 3. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in sixteen cases suffering from tonsillitis (4 cases), pneumonia (4), bronchitis (2), cervical lymphadenitis (2), purulent meningitis (2), suppurative arthritis (1) and suspected sepsis (1). Good and excellent responses were obtained in 15 of 16 cases (93.8%). Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted in 4 of 6 cases. Side effect observed was rash in 1 case, and laboratory abnormalities were elevation of BUN in 1 case and elevation of GPT in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 19

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were investigated and following results were obtained. 1) Ceftizoxime was given by intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 95.9 mcg/ml at 15 minutes and half-life time was 1.18 hours. After 1 hour drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 79.5 mcg/ml at the end of infusion and half-life time was 1.20 hours. The urinary level was high and the mean urinary recovery rate was 69.6% and 63.4% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and 1 hour drip infusion, respectively. 2) CZX was administered in dose of 39--76 mg/kg to 7 pediatric patients (4 cases of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, and 1 of aseptic meningitis) by a single intravenous injection. In patients with purulent meningitis, passage into the cerebrospinal fluid was relatively as good as 30% of serum level at the same time in the presence of remarkable signs of inflammation, but poor in cases of mild inflammation or aseptic meningitis. 3) Cerebral puncture fluid level in 1 patient with cerebral abscess was as good as 65.5% of serum level at the same time. 4) CZX was given to 28 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 of tonsillitis with otitis media, 6 of scarlet fever, 1 each of maxillary sinusitis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia, 5 of septicemia suspected, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, 1 each of osteomyelitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis and biliary tract infection, 16 of urinary tract infection, 14 of skin and soft tissue infection, and 1 of external otitis, totaling 87 cases. The mean daily dose of 101.6 mg/kg was administered for an average of 10 days mainly by intravenous injection 4 times daily. Clinical results obtained were excellent in 34 cases, and good in 46. Bacteriological effectiveness rate was 100%. As for side effects, fever, fever with rash, fever with cough and diarrhea appeared in 1 each case out of 182 cases including 95 drop out cases. As for laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, that of GOT with GPT, and that of GOT with LDH appeared in 10, 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 4


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