Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were done on the effectiveness and safety of panipenem/betamipron, a new carbapenem antibiotic, in infections in the surgical domain and its safety when dissolved in infusions containing lactate. The obtained results are summarized as follows. The preparation, 0.5 g/0.5 g or 1.0 g/1.0 g, was administered by intravenous drip infusion 2 to 3 times a day to 31 cases of patients with infections in the surgical domain. A physiological saline solution was used as the solvent in 21 cases (group A) of them and Solita T3, an infusion containing lactate, was used as the solvent in the 10 remaining cases (group B). As for its clinical effects, results were rated as "excellent" in 20, "good" in 7, "fair" in 3 and "no response" in 1 out of the 31 cases, and the efficacy rate was 87.1%. Regarding its bacteriological effects, results were rated as "disappeared" in 22, "decreased" in 2, "unchanged" in 1 and "unknown" in 1 out of 26 cases from which bacteria were isolated, hence the bacteria-clearance rate was 88.0%. As for side effects, skin rash was seen in 1 case and slight increases of GOT and GPT were noted as abnormal changes in laboratory data in 2 cases. These side effects were all observed among the cases in group A but not at all in group B where a lactate containing infusion was used as the solvent.
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PMID:[Studies on the efficacy and safety of panipenem/betamipron in infections in surgical domain and the safety when mixed with lactate containing infusion]. 161 72

A 52-year-old woman presented slight fever, diffuse papular skin rash and painful cervical lymph node swelling. Her lymph node swelling generally up to 3 cm in diameter, with petechiae on the lower legs and hepato-splenomegaly within a few weeks. ESR was 45 mm/h, Hb 10.0 g/dl, RBC 345 x 10(4)/microliter, WBC 22,600/microliter (atypical lymphocyte 47%), PLT 1.0 x 10(4)/microliter, GPT 91 U/L, gamma-globulin 34.3%, EBV-VCA x 2,560, EBNA x 20, and anti-rubella antibody x 512. The biopsied cervical lymph node showed histologic features of effacement of nodal architecture by an exuberant vascular proliferation accompanied with infiltration of the immunoblasts, and was diagnosed as immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-type lymphadenopathy. The pulse therapy of methylprednisolone and high dose of gamma-globulin improved lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia and anemia. IBL-type lymphadenopathy after infection of rubella virus may be different from true IBL, but is important to discuss the pathogenesis of IBL.
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PMID:[IBL-type lymphadenopathy after infection of rubella virus]. 171 58

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19

A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to high fever, arthralgia and skin rash. Main laboratory data included the following: WBC 17,100/mm, GOT 58 U, GPT 47 U, LDH 1,510 U, ferritin 19,000 ng/ml, adenosine deaminase 79.1 U/l. She was diagnosed as having adult-onset Still's disease. Aspirin (3.0 g/day) and prednisolone (40 mg/day) were administered. All the symptoms and laboratory data improved rapidly. Adenosine deaminase, ferritin, and LDH are considered to originate mainly from the liver. Liver injury in this disease may be a primary lesion, and various serum markers may be associated with the liver abnormalities.
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PMID:Adult-onset Still's disease: hepatic involvement and various serum markers relating to the disease activity. 192 Sep 66

The effectiveness of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) on severe infections associated with hematological diseases was evaluated in a nation-wide multicenter clinical study. SBT/CPZ (4-6 g/day), a 1:1 combination of SBT and CPZ, was given intravenously to 437 patients with hematological disorders. The underlying diseases included acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome and others. Thus, 94.3% of the patients had hematological malignancies. The complicating infections included sepsis in 41 cases; sepsis suspected in 205; pneumonia in 47; urinary tract infection in 15; fever of unknown origin in 59; and others in 70. Clinical efficacies of SBT/CPZ were as follows; markedly effective, 83 cases; effective, 170; fairly effective, 59; and ineffective, 110. The efficacy rate (markedly effective plus effective) was 60.0% as a whole. The efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ in sepsis and suspected cases, which accounted for 56.3% of the infections, was 59%. Mild side effects such as skin rash were observed in 15 patients (3.1%). As for abnormal laboratory test results, transient increases in GOT, GPT, A1-P, LDH, etc. were observed in 42 patients (8.6%). Therefore, SBT/CPZ is considered to be a useful drug in empiric therapy for severe infections associated with hematological diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone for severe infections associated with hematological disorders]. 196 Aug 59

A newly developed human immunoglobulin liquid preparation for intravenous injection was studied for efficacy, safety, and usefulness in treating severe and/or refractory infections in children receiving antibiotic treatment. It is suggested that C-425 is a useful intravenous preparation of human immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe and/or refractory infections in pediatrics. C-425 was administered to 87 inpatients with severe and/or refractory infections at 23 institutions nationwide. The Committee selected 61 cases for the present analysis. Physicians in charge judged clinical efficacy of C-425 to be "excellent" in 23 cases (40.4%), "good" in 24 (42.1%), "fair" in 7 (12.3%), "poor" in 3 (5.3%), and "unknown" in 4. The efficacy rate was calculated at 82.5% when the "excellent" and "good" cases were combined, and 94.7% when the "fair" cases were also included. According to the Committee's judgement, the efficacy of C-425 was "excellent" in 27 cases (44.3%), "good" in 18 (29.5%), "fair" in 7 (11.5%), and "poor" in 9 (14.8%). The efficacy rate was 73.8% when the "excellent" and "good" cases were combined. The rate increased to 85.2% when the "fair" cases were added. Organisms were identified in 31 cases, and the time course was followed in 19 instances. Organisms were eliminated in 12 cases (63.2%), decreased in number in 2 (10.5%), and persisted in 5 (26.3%). Eradication rate was 63.2%. One of the 87 patients died of fulminant hepatitis 2 days after the end of the treatment. The remaining 86 cases were analyzed for the safety of C-425. A skin rash was observed in one case. Laboratory examination revealed increase in transaminase levels in a total of 8 cases; both in GOT and GPT in 5, in GOT alone in 2, and in GPT alone in 1. These findings were not clinically important.
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PMID:[Therapeutic evaluation of combination therapy using C-425, human native immunoglobulin liquid preparation for i.v. administration, and antibiotics in severe and/or refractory infections in pediatrics]. 218 60

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 219 54

Clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were conducted in 40 pediatric patients. 29 out of the 40 patients were treated for infections and 11 for prophylaxis. The following results were obtained. 1. The response rate in 29 patients with infections was 79.3%. Among the 29 patients, 16 patients who presented with malignant diseases showed the response rate of 68.8%. The response rate was lower in patients with severe infections than in those with mild or moderate infections, and a lower response rate was associated with severe neutropenia. However, there were no differences in the response rates between patients who had previously been treated and those who had been untreated with other antibiotics. The response rate in 6 patients from whom causative organisms were isolated was 83.3% and that in the remaining 23 patients was 78.3%. 2. The response rate in 11 patients to whom IPM/CS was administered prophylactically was 63.6%. 3. As for side effects, a rash was observed in 1 patient and hematuria in another, and the abnormal laboratory test results observed were elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 patient. However, they were not clinically significant. From the above results, it appears that IPM/CS may be used as a drug of the first choice for the treatment of patients with severe infections in which the causative organisms are unknown, and for the prophylaxis of infection in patients with neutropenia.
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PMID:[Clinical study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children with severe infections]. 234 51

A 6-year-old girl with cerebral palsy developed conscious disturbance and generalized convulsion after one-hour hot herb drug bath. Physical examination on admission revealed rectal temperature 41 degrees C, hot skin, respiration 46/min, regular heart beat 98/min, BP 130/60 mmHg, Glascow coma scale 4 (E2M1V1), soft and flat abdomen, no hepatosplenomegaly, no skin rash, no focal neurological sign, increased generalized muscle ton. Laboratory data showed CBC: WBC 20400 cumm (Neutrophils 31%, Lymphocytes 69%), Hb 11.6gm%, ESR 11 mm/hr, arterial blood gas: PH 7.077, PO2 43mmHg, PCO2 57.1mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L, BE-11.5mEq/L, serum sodium 143 mEq./L, potassium 5.2 mEq/L, chloride 101 mEq/L, free calcium ion 3.8mg%, GOT 63IU/L, GPT 263 IU/L, amylase 193 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 388 IU/L, LDH 1245 IU/L, CPK 677 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dl, direct type 0.1 mg/dl, BUN 18 mg/dl, Glucose 35 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria( ) trace hematuria and pyuria, but no cast. Lumbar puncture is within normal limits. Bacteriology including blood and CSF are normal. Multiple organ failure was noted at that time. Intensive cooling methods were performed including central and peripheral cooling. We used luminal and valium to control the seizure. Condition didn't improve. Afterwards cardiopulmonary arrest developed. Patient expired 8 hours after admission despite of resuscitation. Heat stroke in infancy and childhood is different from that in adulthood. The predisposing factors are high ambient temperature, dehydration, very young baby, sweat gland dysfunction, or ectodermal dysplasia. Definition of heat stroke includes 1) rectal temperature above 41 degrees C, 2) behavioral change, 3) warm skin, wet or dry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Status epilepticus induced by prolonged immersion in hot herb bath: report of one case]. 263 19

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was evaluated for clinical efficacy on uncomplicated and complicated pyelonephritis by administering 2 g once daily for 5 days to 16 female patients between 20 and 65 years old (average: 39.7 years); i.e., 3 with uncomplicated pyelonephritis and 13 with complicated pyelonephritis. The pathogens in all 3 cases of uncomplicated pyelonephritis were E. coli. All of them disappeared after the treatment. Twenty-two strains of 10 strains of bacteria were isolated from the 13 cases of complicated pyelonephritis. Twenty of the 22 (91%) strains disappeared. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the Criteria for Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents on UTI Japan in 15 cases except for 1 case of the complicated type where the CTRX administration was discontinued after the initial dose due to an adverse event. The efficacy rate was 100% in the 3 uncomplicated cases; 'excellent' in 1 case and 'good' in 2, and 92% in 12 of the complicated cases; 'excellent' in 9, 'good' in 2 and 'poor' in 1 (infection was with multiple pathogens including P. aeruginosa). No abnormal values were observed in any cases except for a slight increase in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in one case and skin rash in another case which appeared following the initial dose and required the immediate withdrawal of the drug. CTRX is characterized by a long half-life and shows a strong antibacterial activity against GNRs, especially E. coli. The efficacy rate was high particularly following the initial dose in the acute stage of pyelonephritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone administered once daily against pyelonephritis]. 265 12


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