Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of screening blood donors for non-A, non-B Hepatitis using GPT as the surrogate marker has been debated for long time. Since January 1990, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers have introduced anti-HCV screening with EIA. Approximately 1.1 percent of blood donors screened was anti-HCV positive in Kyushu district. Studies comparing with seroconversion rates showed discrepancy between anti-HCV and anti-HTLV-1 in some regions [Kagoshima: 0.9% (anti-HCV)/5.7% (anti-HTLV-1), Okinawa: 0.7%/5.2%, Nagasaki: 1.0%/3.7%]. Seropositivity of anti-HCV progressively increased with the age and GPT value in both male and female. In blood donors having history of transfusion, anti-HCV reactive rate was more than 10%. Results of Japanese Red Cross Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Research Group show the effectiveness of implementation of anti-HCV screening to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis.
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PMID:[Current status of anti-HCV screening and posttransfusion hepatitis]. 127 46

Stored serum samples from 7,179 nonselected blood donors were tested for anti-HCV using Ortho EIA first generation. Results were compared to data acquired by anti-HBc testing and ALT levels found in routine testing. 24 donors (0.33%) were repeatedly reactive with Ortho HCV EIA, 230 (3.20%) were anti-HBc-positive and 138 (1.92%) had raised ALT levels > or = 36 IU/l. A low correlation was found between HCV antibody screening with EIA and surrogate testing. When tested in addition with the Abbott HCV EIA, 20 of the 24 Ortho EIA-positive subjects showed a positive reaction. In the Abbott neutralization test 13 of these 20 (65%) were reactive. 8 (33.33%) of the 24 Ortho-EIA-positive donors were positive in the two-antigen-RIBA (first generation), 8 were indeterminate and 8 were nonreactive. The neutralization test and the RIBA can be used as supplementary tests fo further analyze HCV-EIA-positive specimens.
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PMID:Detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood donors and their relationship to surrogate markers. 128 65

Anti-HCV prevalence in 284 hemodialysis patients was assessed using the Abbott HCV-EIA test. Anti-HCV positivity was found in 19.4% of patients, was higher in males than in females and progressively increased with age. A correlation between time of dialysis treatment, transfusions and ALT course was found. These data suggest that HCV infection is a very important risk in dialysis units.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients. 132 76

The prevalence of anti-C100-3 increases with age from 0.41% to 1.26%. It is more frequent in donors with elevated ALT (4.5%). Most ALT elevations, however, are not related to anti-C100-3. Low EIA signals (< 3 x cutoff) are often non-specific. The cutoff value should be 2.5 times higher. High EIA signals correlate with ALT elevations.
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PMID:Assay of antibodies to hepatitis C virus protein C100-3 in blood donors from northern Germany. 145 Jun 97

The prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was assessed in 246 hemodialysis patients who attended a dialysis unit in Bari, using a recombinant enzyme immunoassay test (Abbot Lab.). Fifty-six (22.8%) sera were reactive to anti-HCV. The reactivity was confirmed in 46 specimens (18.7%) using the Abbott EIA HCV neutralization test. The anti-HCV prevalence was higher in males than in females and increased with age, duration of dialysis and number of transfusions. Moreover, a correlation between the presence of anti-HCV and the persistent increase of ALT was noted. The HCV-infection attack rate was calculated using the frozen sera collected from 1984 to 1990: the incidence of infection in the first year was 6.1%, and in following years 4.6%, 4.9%, 3.1%, 2.1% and 2.2%, respectively.
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PMID:Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients: study of risk factors. 149 69

An epidemic of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (PT-NANBH) occurred in plasmapheresis donors in Guan County, Hebei Province, China, in 1985. PT-NANBH was diagnosed by epidemiological studies and serological exclusion of HAV, HBV, CMV and EBV infections. Recently, 163 sera samples of 108 patients with PT-NANBH and 65 sera samples of 49 cases with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels collected during the epidemic were tested by anti-HCV EIA (Chiron C100). The positive rates of anti-HCV in these two groups were 89.8% (97/108) and 93.9% (46/49), averaging 90.8%. The figures increased with the course of illness and persistance of ALT elevation, i.e., 17.6% and 55.6% within 1 month, 88.9% and 87.5% at 6 months and 100% and 100% after 2 years. Five patients with PT-NANBH and 1 with elevated ALT levels were followed up for 3 to 4 years. We demonstrated that anti-HCV remained positive after the disease had resolved and ALT levels had normalized.
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PMID:A serological study of hepatitis C infection in plasmapheresis donors. 165 30

All the 51 patients had history of plasma donation before onset of the illness. All had no evidences of recent infection with following viruses: HAV, HBV, CMV and EBV and were confirmed recently as hepatitis C by the Chiron C-100 EIA test. The incubation period was 35 to 90 days, with an average of 57.9 +/- 19.8 days. The ratio of icteric to anicteric was 1.0:1.55. Only a few cases had fever in the acute phase (13.7%). 36 cases showed acute onset of illness; 15 cases, however, had ALT elevation before the onset. 33 cases became chronic hepatitis after 1 year (64.7%), 14 out of the 33 cases had persistently abnormal ALT and 19 cases showed repeated elevation of ALT. The chronicity rate in 2 years was 38.6%. These results indicate that hepatitis C has the features of high chronicity rate and prolonged clinical course.
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PMID:[Clinical and consequence study on 51 cases of hepatitis C]. 165 36

The aim of this study was to elucidate the positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic (with negative HBsAg and without blood transfusion history) and non-alcoholic (type-B and type-NANB) patients with chronic liver diseases. The clinico-pathological difference between anti-HCV positive and negative alcoholic patients was also investigated. Anti-HCV (Chiron C-100-3) was assayed with Ortho EIA kit in 196 patients. Liver function tests and the histological findings were evaluated in 111 cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) and 39 of liver cirrhosis (LC). Following results were obtained. [1] Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic patients was 40% in CH, 36% in LC and 100% in hepatocellular carcinoma. In non-alcoholic type-NANB group, it was 75%, 68% and 69%, respectively. [2] Serum GGT/ALT ratio was higher in anti-HCV negative patients than positive patients both in CH and LC alcoholics. In non-alcoholic group, it was higher in type-NANB patients than type-B patients. [3] Among the histological findings in CH alcoholics, lymph follicles in the portal area were characteristic in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were not seen in negative patients. [4] In LC alcoholics, regenerative nodules were irregular in size in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were even and small in negative patients. [5] Serum HCV-RNA was detected in two out of 14 anti-HCV negative patients. [6] A female alcoholic patient who showed positive serum anti-HCV and negative HCV-RNA was presented. [7] For the evaluation of the influence of HCV in alcoholics, further studies have to be continued with more sensitive HCV markers.
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PMID:[Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in various liver diseases and the clinico-pathological study of chronic liver disease in alcoholics]. 166 37

An epidemic of hepatitis C virus infection in plasmapheresis donors which occurred in 1985 in Gu-An county, Hebei province, was studied. A total of 3,496 persons in five villages were investigated. The prevalence rates of viral hepatitis and elevated ALT levels alone in plasmapheresis donors were 17.10% and 23.23%, respectively, which were significantly higher than these of whole blood donors and controls. 59 sera collected from plasmapheresis donors with viral hepatitis and elevated ALT levels alone were sent to the Centers for Disease Control, USA, for detection of anti-HCV with Chiron C100 (EIA). The positivity rates of anti-HCV were 97.06% and 100%, respectively, indicating that the epidemic was caused by hepatitis C virus.
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PMID:[Epidemiological and serological study on hepatitis C virus infection in plasmapheresis donors]. 166 79

In order to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where a high prevalence of false-positive anti-HCV reactions is reported, we studied 79 patients affected with RA. In these subjects we recorded some clinical and anamnestic data (history of blood transfusion, risk factors of liver disease, therapy) and determined, besides a few routine laboratory parameters including rheumatoid factor (RF), AST and ALT, the anti-HCV serology using the 1st (EIA, Ortho and Abbott; Neutralization test, Abbott; RIBA, Chiron-Ortho) and the 2nd generation tests (EIA, Ortho; RIBA, Chiron-Ortho). Four patients (of whom three were RF seronegative) were anti-HCV reactive by the 1st generation EIA tests (5.1%). According to the results of the confirmatory tests, and particularly of the 2nd generation, two patients resulted infected by HCV. These results do not confirm the previously reported high prevalence of false-positive anti-HCV reactions in RA, and demonstrated the usefulness of the 2nd generation tests in diagnosing the HCV infection.
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PMID:[Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in rheumatoid arthritis. Study using second-generation tests]. 166 11


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