Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoperazone (CPZ), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, were investigated and following results were obtained. (1) Blood level: CPZ was given intravenous dose of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg to each 3 children. In the former, the blood level of 15 minutes after injection was 194.2 mcg/ml on average and the half life was 106.2 minutes. In the latter, the blood level was 320.0 mcg/ml on average and half life was 102.2 minutes. (2) Urinary concentration: In the cases of the dose of 25 mg/kg, 35.9% of CPZ was recovered on average from the urine within 6 hours after injection, and the urinary concentration reached to 2,148.6 mcg/ml (0 approximately 2 hours). And in the cases of the dose of 50 mcg/kg, the recovery rate in urine was 43.6%, and the urinary concentration was 3,008.3 mcg/ml. (3) Cerebrospinal fluid level: CSF level was determined in a patient with bacterial meningitis by S. pneumoniae. Ninety mg/kg of CPZ were given intravenous injection. After 60 minutes CSF level was 3.35 mcg/ml, and after 80 minutes the blood level was 192.0 mcg/ml. (4) Bacteriological evaluation: Against 164 strains isolated clinical specimens, the bacteriological evaluation on CPZ was performed in comparison with cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin (CEZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) by inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml. CPZ showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria almost similar to CTX and PIPC. (5) CLINICAL RESULTS: CPZ was given 48.3 approximately 360 mg/kg/day (average 146.1 mg/kg/day) by intravenous route to 46 patients with various infection. The overall efficacy rate was 80.4%. The rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 78.9% in 19 cases. (6) Side effects: As side effects, diarrhea, fever, rash, urticaria, leukopenia, eosinophilia, elevation of GOT, GPT, and LDH were observed, but not seriously.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefoperazone in pediatrics treatment (author's transl)]. 645 44

Fundamental and clinical studies in the pediatric field on 6059-S, a newly synthesized oxacephem antibiotics, were carried out, and following results were obtained. 1) MIC of 6059-S for K. oxytoca (40 strains), recently isolated from patients, were mostly more less than 0.2 mcg/ml, and that for H. influenzae was 0.05 mcg/ml, but that for non-group A-beta-Streptococcus (2 strains) were 12.5 mcg/ml. 2) In 9 infants, the serum concentration of 6059-S in a dose of 10 approximately 37.5 mg/kg/day with intravenous drip infusion method was measured. The peak serum concentration were 32.8 approximately 241 mcg/ml at end of injection, and serum concentration were 0.6 approximately 3.19 mcg/ml 7 hours after administration. The excretion rates in urine for 12 hours after administration were distributed between 55.8 approximately 89.6%. 3) Clinical evaluation of 6059-S was performed in evaluated 29 cases: 24 cases of respiratory tract infection, 2 cases of cervical lymphadenitis, 2 cases of urinary tract infection, 1 case of enteritis. The overall efficacy rate was 96.6%. 4) Side effects observed during this therapy were 1 case of diarrhea, 2 cases of adverse effect (eosinophilia, elevation of GOT, GPT).
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatric field on 6059-S (author's transl)]. 645 65

A new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam derivative, 6059-S, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-five patients were treated with 10 to 274 mg/kg per day of 6059-S by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (2), pneumonia (4), pertussis (4), acute enterocolitis (2), recurrent urinary tract infection (2), suspected septicemia (3), and acute purulent meningitis (1); and the remaining 5 patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Enterobacter aerogenes (1), Proteus morganii (1), Psuedomonas aeruginosa (2) and Salmonella typhimurium (1). All the patients of bacterial infections were cured after the 6059-S therapy. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium were not eradicated after the 6059-S therapy, and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 75%. Diarrhea (3), precordial pain (2, only in cases with high-dose therapy), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (2), and transient eosinophilia (2) were found to be associated with the 6059-S therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum 6059-S level was 1.34 +/- 0.16 hours. CSF concentrations in a case with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis ranged 4.0 to 9.7 mcg/ml after an intravenous injection of 34.3 to 75 mg/kg of 6059-S. From the present study, 6059-S appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. It remains to be further determined whether 6059-S is superior to ABPC in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of 6059-S therapy in children (author's transl)]. 645 68

Basic and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT) were carried out and the results were as follows: Absorption and excretion Two patients were given 10 mg/kg of CTT by one shot intravenous injection. At 30 minutes after injection, mean serum level was 76.5 micrograms/ml and the half-life time was 2.3 hours. Mean 6-hour urinary recovery in same patients was 57.5%. Clinical evaluation Forty-two patients were treated with CTT, in doses of 19.2-102.9 mg/kg divided 2-4 times per day for 3-10 days intravenously. Responses were excellent in 14, good in 23, fair in 1, poor in 4, and the overall efficacy rate was 88.1%. As to adverse reaction, urticaria was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory data noted were elevation of GOT in 1, GOT and GPT in 2, creatinine in 1, and eosinophilia in 3 patients.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 25

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotetan (CTT) were made in pediatric field and the following results were obtained. Antimicrobial activity MIC80 values of CTT against clinically isolated S. aureus (32 strains), E. coli (33 strains) and K. pneumoniae (33 strains) were 25, 0.1 and 0.1 microgram/ml respectively. Antimicrobial activities of CTT against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were superior to those of CMZ, though the activity against S. aureus was inferior to that of CMZ. Pharmacokinetics When 20 mg/kg of CTT was administered to 3 children, who were 3 to 8 years of age, by a intravenous bolus injection, the mean serum concentrations of the drug after 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours were 110.7 +/- 9.2, 81.7 +/- 10.1, 50.0 +/- 7.5, 25.3 +/- 4.6, 14.9 +/- 5.5 and 7.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml respectively, and the mean half-life (beta) was 2.01 +/- 0.32 hours. The mean concentrations of the drug in urine after 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 hours were 1,377 +/- 787, 1,045 +/- 689, 1,067 +/- 680 and 358 +/- 80 micrograms/ml respectively, and the mean recovery rate by 8 hours was 67.3 +/- 16.2%. Clinical study CTT was administered to 42 children of 2 monthes to 14 years of age, and clinical response, bacteriological effect and adverse reaction of the drug were studied. Clinical effects were evaluated in 8 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, each 1 case of acute otitis media and acute bronchitis, 16 cases of acute bronchopneumonia or acute lobar pneumonia, 9 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 1 case of erysipelas, the results were excellent in 30 cases, good in 3, fair in 2 and poor in 1, and thus 91.7% of efficacy rate was obtained. Out of suspected causative organisms including 12 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, 7 strains of E. coli, 2 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of S. pneumoniae and each 1 strain of S. epidermidis and S. faecalis, all the strains except each 1 strain of H. influenzae and S. faecalis disappeared after the treatment. Thus 92.3% of eradication rate was obtained. No side effects were recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 3 cases (7.1%), including elevation of GOT and GPT in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case, those findings came to be normal after the treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 33

Clinical trials were carried out with cefotetan (CTT) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; The mean serum concentrations of CTT following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 204, 97, 56, 15, 10 micrograms/ml at 15, 60, 120, 360, 480 minutes after injection. The serum half-life was 2.18 hours. 68.3% was excreted in urine within 8 hours after injection. In vitro, the antimicrobial activity of CTT was more active than CEZ and CMZ against E. coli, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae. CTT was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections; 9 pneumonias, 4 bronchopneumonias, 1 acute tonsillitis and 8 urinary tract infections. Overall efficacy rate was 95%. The favorable clinical response could be gained by the doses of 30 mg/kg with being given every 12 hours. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT with mild diarrhea was observed in 2 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. No other serious side effect was observed.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 34

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefotetan (CTT), and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CTT were measured by the plate dilution method against the clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens and Salmonella sp. The susceptibility distribution of S. aureus to CTT was at concentration of 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml and the peak of that was obtained at 6.25 micrograms/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the peaks of susceptibility distribution of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to CTT were obtained at less than 0.1 microgram/ml respectively, and that of S. marcescens was obtained at 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The growth of all strains of Salmonella sp. was inhibited at concentration of less than 0.1 microgram/ml. As for pharmacokinetic study, CTT was given by intravenous bolus injection and drip infusion for 30 minutes at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. After intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg of CTT, the mean peak serum level was 175.0 +/- 7.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, and half-life time was 3.53 hours. After 30 minutes drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CTT, the mean serum concentration was 106.0 +/- 6.0 micrograms/ml at end of infusion, half-life time was 2.41 hours. The mean urinary excretion rates were 49.4% and 64.2% up to 8 hours after drip and bolus injection of 20 mg/kg of CTT, respectively. CTT was given 15 cases with bacterial infection. Daily doses of CTT were from 15.0 to 107.0 mg/kg. Clinical results obtained were excellent and good responses in 12 of 15 cases (80.0%). No side effects were obtained except for 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case with eosinophilia.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 35

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefpiramide (CPM), a newly developed cephem antibiotic with a broad spectrum, were performed and the following results were obtained. The serum levels of CPM after the intravenous injection or the drip infusion of CPM at dose of 10.0 approximately 46.7 mg/kg reached the peak of 75.8 approximately 274.0 micrograms/ml at 30 approximately 60 minutes after infusion and were 3.9 approximately 55.1 micrograms/ml at 8 hours after the infusion. Half-life of CPM in the blood was between 2.4 and 7.0 hours. The excretion rates of CPM into urine up to 24 hours after the infusion were 5.7 approximately 20.4%. Twenty-five patients with acute respiratory tract infection (RTI, 15 cases), urinary tract infection (UTI, 8 cases), cellulitis (1 case) and salmonellosis (1 case) were treated with CPM. The treatment by intravenous injection or drip infusion of 22 approximately 55 mg/kg/day (40 approximately 50 mg/kg/day) for mean 6 days resulted in 100% of good response in 15 cases of RTI and in 88% of good response in 8 cases of UTI. S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella and Salmonella group B were isolated from the culture of sputum or urine in the patients, and they were all eradicated by the treatment with CPM. No side effects were observed except eosinophilia in 1 case and the elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of cefpiramide, a new cephem parenteral preparation developed in Japan, in pediatrics]. 665 36

Six male and 6 female Beagles, 6 to 7 months old, were allotted to 2 groups: group I--inoculated subcutaneously with 30 Dipetalonema reconditum infective larvae/dog, and group II--noninoculated controls. Group comparisons were made in regard to hematologic values, Knott test results, body weights, blood urea nitrogen, total serum protein, serum albumin and alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities. Routine urinalysis data were compared at 1 week before and at 28 weeks after the inoculations. Mean total leukocyte counts were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in group I dogs than in group II dogs at postinoculation weeks (PIW) 4, 5, and 7 to 12, and mean eosinophil counts were significantly greater in group I dogs at PIW 3 to 11, 13 to 15, 20, and 23 to 24. Microfilariae were detected as early as the 10th week and sporadically thereafter. Only 1 D reconditum adult worm was recovered from all of the inoculated dogs. Five other dogs (group III) with chronic, patient experimentally induced dipetalonemiasis, were evaluated with the same tests at PIW 70 to 89. Eosinophilia (greater than 750 cells/microliter) was present in 4 of 5 dogs; lymphocytosis (greater than 4,800 cells/microliter) was evident in 1 dog. Proteinuria (greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl) was detected in 3 of 4 dogs with chronic dipetalonemiasis.
 ...
PMID:Clinical responses of dogs to experimentally induced Dipetalonema reconditum infection. 668 83

The newly developed cefadroxil (CDX) dry syrup in a mean daily dose of 32.9 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. was administered to children for a period of 8 days on the average; viz. a total of 64 cases consisting of 39 cases of tonsillitis, 2 of tonsillitis complicated with otitis media, 1 of bronchitis, 1 of pneumonia, 14 of scarlet fever, and 7 of urinary tract infections; and its clinical and bacteriological effects, and adverse reactions were examined, leading to the following results. 1. The clinical effects were "good" or "excellent" in any of 39 cases of tonsillitis, 2 of tonsillitis complicated with otitis media, 1 of pneumonia, 14 of scarlet fever, and 7 of urinary tract infections, and "fair" only in a case of bronchitis, showing the high efficacy of 98.4%. 2. The clinical effects by daily dose were compared only in the great cases of tonsillitis between the 2 daily dose groups of 30 mg/kg or below and 31 to 40 mg/kg, and both groups showed "good" or "excellent" results, but the latter group revealed that the excellent rate was greater by 20.8% than that of the former group. 3. The frequency of daily administration was 3 times or 4 times and the cases of 4 times administration were few in any disease. In comparison of clinical effects between the 3 times group and the 4 times group in the whole cases, no significant difference was observed between both groups but it is desirable to make the 4 times administration in view of the pharmacokinetics. 4. The bacteriological effects could be judged in 15 cases, namely bacteria were eradicated in 14 cases and unchanged in 1 case, showing a good result of the eradication rate as 93.3%. 5. No adverse reaction was observed and the laboratory test values showed eosinophilia in 7 cases (15.9%) and abnormal elevations of GPT in 1 case (4.5%), of GOT and GPT in 2 case (9.1%), of LDH in 1 case (4.8%) and of BUN in 1 case (4.8%), but 4 of the 7 cases with eosinophilia seemed attributable to underlying diseases or objective diseases. From the above it can be said that this preparation is a useful drug in mild bacterial diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics]. 684 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10