Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteriological and clinical studies with flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new oxacephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The antimicrobial activity of FMOX against clinically isolated organisms was determined. FMOX had a good antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and especially against Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin resistant S. aureus). 2. Mean serum concentrations of FMOX following intravenous bolus injection of 20 and 40 mg/kg (in 7 and 4 cases, respectively) were 35.3 and 77.7 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after administration with mean serum half-lives (T1/2) of 0.75 and 0.95 hours and mean urinary recovery rates up to 6 hours after administration were 71.9 and 65.1%, respectively. 3. Twenty-five pediatric patients (19 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pyothorax and 5 cases of urinary tract infection) were treated with FMOX in doses ranging from 50 to 138 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 times a day. The rate of clinical effectiveness was 100% and the bacterial elimination rate was 90.6%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were eosinophilia in 1, thrombocytosis in 2 and slight elevations of GOT and GPT in 3 patients. These results indicate the usefulness and the safety of FMOX in the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics]. 343 Jul 15

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to the oxacephem group, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 17 patients with ages ranging from 1 month to 9 year-8-month who had bacterial infections. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 20 mg/kg FMOX administration by intravenous bolus injection showed that the half-life of FMOX (beta phase) was 39.8 minutes and the urinary excretion of FMOX in the first 6 hours was 76.5%. 2. FMOX was administered to 3 patients with pneumonia, 8 patients with bronchopneumonia, 2 patients with tonsillitis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis, one patient each with cervical lymphadenitis, and pustulosis associated with severe varicella at daily dosage levels of 61.9 approximately 87.2 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4 administrations by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 17 patients were as follows; excellent: 14 patients, good: 2 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 94.1%. 3. No clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the 17 patients. Neutropenia, eosinophilia, a slight elevation of GPT and slight elevations of GOT & GPT were observed in 1, 1, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. No abnormality in coagulation system was observed in any of 10 evaluable patients. 4. MICs of FMOX against 13 strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against 2 out of 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.20 micrograms/ml and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics]. 343 Jul 17

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of carumonam (CRMN, AMA-1080), the drug was used in the treatment of 10 patients including 4 with pneumonia and each with acute tonsillitis, chronic bronchitis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia (PAP), chronic pyelitis, and acute cystitis. Since beta-lactam antibiotics were not active against Mycoplasma pneumonia and PAP, these diseases were excluded from the clinical efficacy evaluation of CRMN. Responses were excellent in 1 patient and good in 7. Side effects were not observed. The laboratory test recognized slight elevations of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia in 1 patient and a slight leucopenia in another upon the administration of CRMN.
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PMID:[Clinical study of carumonam]. 344 30

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 7 pediatric patients with infections. The clinical efficacy ratio was 100 percent. No side effect was observed except for elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT and eosinophilia in 1 patient. It may be considered that MK-0787/MK-0791 is a safe and useful antibiotic for the treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field]. 346 76

Fundamental and clinical evaluations of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) were carried out in pediatric patients. The following results were obtained: After intravenous drip infusion of single doses of 10 mg/10 mg/kg to 20 mg/20 mg/kg of MK-0787/MK-0791 in children, peak plasma levels of MK-0787 ranged from 32.0 to 82.0 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. The half-life was 49.9 to 64.0 minutes. The cumulative urinary recovery at 6 to 7 hours after the 1 hour drip infusion ranged from 65.5 to 88.9%. Fecal levels of MK-0787 were 4.2 and 23.1 micrograms/g at 6 hours after a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion of 200 mg/200 mg of MK-0787/MK-0791. MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered by intravenous drip infusion to patients with purulent meningitis. Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid was satisfactory, as were the clinical responses. MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered clinically in doses of 30 mg/30 mg/kg/day to 200 mg/200 mg/kg/day by intravenous drip infusion 3 or 4 times a day for 3 to 22 days to 26 patients with acute pediatric infections. The clinical response was excellent in 18 patients and good in 8 patients. Eradication occurred with 16 isolates; only two strains of Salmonella-B were not eradicated. Anorexia in 1 patient was the only clinical adverse effect reported, and the only adverse effects found in laboratory tests were eosinophilia and thrombocytosis in 1 patient, respectively, and elevation of the S-GOT and S-GPT in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies with imipenem/cilastatin sodium, a new carbapenem antibiotic, in the field of pediatrics]. 346 77

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefixime (CFIX) in children were done and the following results were obtained. Serum and urinary concentrations of CFIX were determined in 6 children aged 5 to 14 years given single doses of 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg. Mean serum concentrations peaked at 4 hours after the administration of either 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg, and respective peak values were 0.71 and 4.46 micrograms/ml. Biological half-lives for the low and the high doses were 5.28 and 4.45 hours, respectively. The 12-hours urinary recovery ranged from 7.0 to 13.8% after administration of 1.5 mg/kg, and the 8-hours urinary recovery was 18.1% after administration of 6.0 mg/kg. Therapeutic responses were recorded as excellent or good in 43 (97.7%) of the children, comprising 13 with tonsillitis and 31 with scarlet fever. The microbiological effectiveness of CFIX on identified pathogens comprising 29 strains of S. pyogenes and 2 strains of S. aureus was satisfactory as evidence by a high eradication rate of 93.5%. No clinical side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were elevation of GOT and/or GPT in 4 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. In conclusion, CFIX was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefixime in pediatric field]. 353 65

Clinical evaluation and kinetics in serum of cefoperazone (CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been conducted as a multicenter trial participated by 20 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 8 months from October 1984 to May 1985. Mean serum CPZ levels up to 4 hours following the end of intravenous infusion of either 1 or 2 g CPZ remained higher than the MIC80 of CPZ against major causative organisms of lower respiratory tract infections such as H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae. Serum half-lives of CPZ following intravenous infusion were prolonged in the elderly and in patients who showed moderate liver or kidney dysfunction, but did not exceed twofold of normal value. Clinical efficacy rates of CPZ were 82.9% (34/41) against pneumonia, 80% (4/5) against lung abscess, 88.9% (32/36) against acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 66.7% (2/3) against panbronchiolitis, 100% (1/1) against acute bronchitis, and 85.7% (12/14), 64.3% (9/14) and 70.0% (7/10) against infections concurrent to chronic respiratory diseases, pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis, respectively. The overall efficacy rate was 81.5% (101/124). Bacteriological eradication rates against P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were 60% (6/10), 88.9% (8/9) and 100% (3/3), respectively. The overall eradication rate including polymicrobial infection was 67.5% (27/40). The clinical efficacy rate of CPZ in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumoconiosis, etc. was not significantly different from the efficacy rate in patients without these underlying diseases. Of 20 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 13 were effectively treated by CPZ. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.7% (11/164) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash, fever, diarrhea and loose stool. Laboratory abnormalities were seen in 5 patients during the study. These included elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, eosinophilia and neutropenia. CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections because of its excellent clinical efficacy and rare incidence of abnormal accumulations in sera following the recommended 2-4 g/day administration even in the elderly.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 354 33

Laboratory and clinical study was carried out on miconazole (MCZ), a new synthetic imidazole. The antifungal activity of MCZ was studied and expressed as MICs for clinical isolates. The drug proved to have the highest activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with MICs of no more than 0.16 micrograms/ml for all isolates of this species. MICs of Torulopsis glabrata were 0.08-5 micrograms/ml for all isolates and those of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were 5-20 micrograms/ml for more than 90% of the isolates. Most of other strains were less than 10 micrograms/ml. When 3 healthy adult men were administered each with 200 mg of MCZ by intravenous drip infusion for 1.25 hours, the mean serum MCZ concentration was 1.39 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion, then decreased rapidly to 0.49 microgram/ml in following 30 minutes, and then decreased gradually to 0.17 microgram/ml 6 hours later. The mean cumulative urinary excretion rate of the drug was as low as 3.0% at this stage. A total of 25 patients with ages of 30-78 years, comprising 17 men and 8 women, were treated with 200-1,800 mg of MCZ daily for 3-93 days. The clinical effectiveness was ascertained in 19 cases among the patients; 9 cases with candidiasis, 3 with cryptococcosis and 7 with aspergillosis. Clinical responses were excellent in 2, good in 9 and poor in 8 cases, and its efficacy rates was 58%. The efficacy rate of the combination therapy with other antifungal agents was 60% in comparison with 57% of MCZ alone. Adverse reactions to the drug such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia were observed in 3 cases (12%). Abnormal changes in laboratory parameters were also observed: 3 patients with elevations of GOT and GPT, and another with eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical study of intravenous miconazole]. 359 80

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Gemcadiol is a medium-length diol moiety with lipid-regulating properties in animals and man. The compound was not toxic when single doses were administered to rodents with the lethal dose greater than 7000 mg/kg in rats and mice. Rats treated for 13 or 52 weeks with 30 to 300 mg/kg had reversible food intake suppression and weight gain inhibition, decreased blood cholesterol, slight anemia, and generally dose-related but reversible decreases in glucose, and increases in alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. Liver weights were increased, and there was accompanying hypertrophy and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia of hepatocytes with associated peroxisome proliferation. Rats treated for 52 weeks also had mild renal tubular dilatation. Dogs given 25 to 300 mg/kg of gemcadiol for up to 52 weeks tolerated the compound better than rats. Effects related to compound administration were elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity in female animals only, and microscopic cytoplasmic vacuolation and hyaline body formation in both sexes. Monkeys given 25 to 300 mg/kg gemcadiol for 13 weeks had slightly decreased serum cholesterol and slightly increased serum creatine phosphokinase. Teratology studies in rats or rabbits indicated no teratogenic response. Gemcadiol affects principally the liver, and the hepatic alterations seen in rats and dogs may reflect compensatory manifestations of altered metabolism related to the lipid-regulating activity of the compound.
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PMID:Preclinical toxicology studies with the lipid-regulating agent gemcadiol. 369 36


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