Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of levamisole hydrochloride as a microfilaricidal agent when used 3 weeks after thiacetarsamide sodium therapy for canine dirofilariasis, was studied in 6 experimental dogs and 20 clinical cases. The drug, when administered orally in gelatine capsules daily, cleared microfilariae from the circulation in the experimental dogs in 7 to 11 days. A dose rate of 10mg/kg appeared as effective as 15mg/kg. In the clinical group 70% of dogs had zero microfilarial counts after 4 to 8 doses at 10mg/kg daily. Vomiting, diarrhoea and inappetence were observed in some animals, but were not a significant problem. Elevations in plasma GPT and AP levels were recorded during the administration of levamisole in some dogs while GOT levels rose in 1 dog only. Urea and creatinine levels were unaffected in all dogs. The only haematological parameter affected was the eosinophil count which rose during levamisole administration. All levamisole-treated animals, were successfully commenced on daily DEC, as a prophylactic measure, while an anaphylactic-type reaction occurred when this drug was administered to 1 of the 2 control animals.
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PMID:Levamisole as a microfilaricidal agent in the control of canine dirofilariasis. 116 38

Total serum creatine kinase (CK) and its isozyme activities were determined in dogs with dirofilariasis. Before heartworm removal, total CK and isozyme activities in dogs of the mild group were not different from those in dogs of the heartworm-free group. BB activity was higher in dogs of the hemoptysis group. Dogs of the ascites group displayed a mild increase in MM activity. In dogs of the caval syndrome (CS) group, total CK and MM activities were highest among the heartworm-free and heartworm-infected dogs, and MM isozyme accounted for most (75%) of total CK activity. MB and BB activities were also higher. However, there were no significant differences in CK activities between the surviving and non-surviving cases. In dogs with pulmonary heartworm disease (mild and ascites groups), MM activity correlated significantly with the number of heartworms (r = 0.45), hematocrit value (Ht, r = -0.40), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT, r = 0.42) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, r = 0.46) activities, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.64) and total pulmonary resistance (r = 0.50). In dogs with CS, MM activity did not correlate with any parameter, but BB activity correlated with the number of heartworms at the right atrium (r = 0.61), Ht (r = -0.53), ALT (r = 0.80), LDH (r = 0.73) and serum urea nitrogen (r = 0.47). At 1 week after heartworm removal, BB and MM activity decreased in dogs of the hemoptysis and ascites groups, respectively. In dogs of the CS group, total CK and MM isozyme activities decreased markedly (P less than 0.01) regardless of their prognosis.
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PMID:Serum creatine kinase activities in dogs with dirofilariasis. 183 97

Reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT) of undiluted and serial dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma were determined for 30 healthy dogs. The PT and APTT were similarly determined for 32 dogs with naturally occurring hepatic disease. Hepatic disease was confirmed by histopathologic examination of hepatic biopsy materials and comprised degeneration (13 dogs), inflammation (11 dogs), cirrhosis (4 dogs), and neoplasia (4 dogs). Coagulation test values were compared with serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities and Bromsulphalein retention for sensitivity in detecting hepatic disease in the dog. Coagulation test results were at variance with reference values in 66% of the 32 dogs with hepatic disease; serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were increased in 59%, 72%, and 75%, respectively and Bromsulphalein retention was increased in 22% of the 32 dogs. Thus, the PT and APTT were sensitive indicators of hepatic disease. However, the PT and APTT lacked specificity for any given hepatic disease. The sensitivity of the coagulation tests for detecting hepatic disease was enhanced by using dilutions of citrated platelet-poor plasma. Only 15% of dogs with hepatic disease showed variances from reference values in the coagulation tests done with undiluted plasma, but 66% showed variances in the tests with dilutions of plasma. Coagulation tests were also done in 13 dogs with normal hepatic function amd morphology, but with various extrahepatic diseases: chronic renal disease (5 dogs), dirofilariasis (4 dogs), encephalitis (1 dog), cutaneous disease (2 dogs), and femoral fracture (1 dog). Twelve of the 13 dogs had coagulation test values within the reference intervals.
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PMID:Alterations of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in dogs with hepatic disease. 734 May 74

Granulomatous hepatitis (GH) is an uncommon histopathologic diagnosis in dogs. On the basis of clinical reports, fungal infections appear to be the most common cause of GH in dogs, but many other potential causes have been identified. The medical records and histopathologic findings for 9 dogs with GH were reviewed to identify additional specific causes of GH in dogs. Diseases associated with GH included intestinal lymphangiectasia (n = 2), lymphosarcoma (n = 1), histiocytosis (n = 1), dirofilariasis (n = 1), and histoplasmosis (n = 1). In 1 dog, no other disease process was identified. Of the remaining 2 dogs, 1 had concurrent granulomatous pneumonitis of unknown cause, and the other had periportal hepatitis and temporal muscle wasting. All 9 dogs with GH had clinical evidence of liver disease, such as hepatomegaly, icterus, and ascites, or had high serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activity. Because of the wide variety of potential causes of GH in dogs, an accurate diagnosis should be sought so that appropriate treatment can be chosen and an accurate prognosis given.
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PMID:Granulomatous hepatitis in dogs: nine cases (1987-1990). 840 37

Heartworm disease, caused by the filarial nematode, Dirofilaria immitis, is a major, potentially life-threatening disease of dogs, with worldwide distribution and global significance. It is not only of veterinary importance but it also has zoonotic potential in many regions. It is considered as an endemic disease in Thailand, although clinical data about the disease is rarely reported. The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical hematology and the biochemistry of canine dirofilariasis cases admitted to Chulalongkorn University, Small Animal Teaching Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, from 2001-2003. All hematology and serum biochemistry parameter interpretations were based on reference values. A total of 1023 dogs were evaluated in this study. Dogs were divided into three groups based on their heartworm classification (microfilaremic, occult and negative). The major hematological findings in microfilaremic dogs were a mild to moderate anemia, mild to severe thrombocytopenia, marked leukocytosis, moderate to marked neutrophilia, eosinophilia and monocytosis. The most common serum biochemical abnormalities in microfilaremic dogs included increased alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase with a mean+/-SD of 311+/-299, 82+/-76 and 50+/-38 IU/L, respectively. It is likely that this parasitic infection led to the impairment of the hematological and biochemical status of the infected dogs. We believe that investigation of these laboratory based parameters, when associated with the clinical signs, is a very important approach to be considered in the routine clinical follow up, as well as being important for therapeutic evaluations.
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PMID:A retrospective study of the clinical hematology and the serum biochemistry tests made on canine dirofilariasis cases in an animal hospital population in Bangkok, Thailand. 1709 27