Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urethral obstruction induced in adult male cats caused clinical signs identical with those observed in naturally occurring disease. Central nervous system depression, anorexia, dehydration, vomiting, muscle weakness, and hypothermia occurred. Weight loss (due to water loss and catabolism), metabolic acidosis, mild hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperglycemia, azotemia, and hyperproteinemia were also observed. Serum amylase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase activities were normal. Ten of 13 cats (group 1), with 72 hours' induced obstruction but not treated with parenteral fluids, died either before the obstruction was relieved or within 8 days afterward. Eight cats (group 2) with induced obstruction for 49 to 98 hours developed severe clinical and biochemical alterations. Treatment with a multiple-electrolyte solution, in addition to relief of urethral obstruction, resulted in favorable clinical and biochemical responses. These cats survived and were clinically healthy at 9 to 10 days after relief of obstruction. It was concluded that use of a multiple-electrolyte solution to correct acidosis, restore circulatory volume, and enhance renal excretion of potassium was effective supportive therapy after urethral obstruction was removed.
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PMID:Characterization and treatment of water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances of induced urethral obstruction in the cat. 87 80

Laboratory studies are an essential aspect in the management of children with grave diseases, helping to plan the therapeutic measures and to identify the disease. The most acute syndromes in pediatric emergency care are: coma, convulsions, dehydration, metabolic disequilibrium, hypovolemic or anaphylactic shock, a grave infection, chemical or drug poisoning. The laboratory tests that should be available within few minutes are blood cell count, blood and gas analysis, sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose measurements. The results of total proteins, serum creatinine and urea measurements, bleeding tests, analysis of blood smear, sedimentation rate, ALT, AST, osmolality, urinary electrolytes, creatinine and cerebrospinal fluid examinations should be available within sixty min. New accurate and rapid techniques and instruments facilitate the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pediatric emergency.
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PMID:[A rapid response laboratory in a pediatric clinic]. 172 94

Several key enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were assayed in Setaria digitata. In the cytosolic fraction pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were found. Among the TCA cycle enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, fumarase (malate dehydration), malate dehydrogenase (malate oxidation and oxaloacetate reduction) and malic enzyme (malate decarboxylation) were detected in the mitochondrial fraction. Only reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase were found in the mitochondrial fraction. The significance of these results with respect to the metabolic capabilities of the worm are discussed.
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PMID:Intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in the adult filarial worm Setaria digitata. 177 15

The laboratory contribution in the care of a seriously ill child is essential to plan and organize the therapy after the first-step emergency care and to know the aethiology of the illness. The most acute syndromes in pediatric emergency care are: coma, convulsions, dehydration, metabolic disequilibrium, hypovolemic or anaphylactic shock, serious infectious diseases and chemical or drug poisoning. The laboratory tests which have to be available within few minutes are blood cell count, hemogasanalysis, sodium, potassium and calcium, glucose. Total proteins, serum creatinine and urea, bleeding tests, blood smear, sedimentation rate, ALT, AST, osmolality, urinary electrolytes and creatinine and cerebrospinal fluid examination should be available within sixty minutes. New accurate and rapid techniques and instrumentations make easier the diagnostic and therapeutical approach to pediatric emergency.
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PMID:Pediatric emergency laboratory. 189 92

We reviewed retrospectively a cohort of 80 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized between 1976 and 1986 for the presence of abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria. Thirteen (16%) had abnormal liver enzymes, generally less than four times the upper limit of normal. In this group, hyperemesis gravidarum began at the 14th week of pregnancy as compared to the 6th week in the normal enzyme group (p less than 0.01). Both groups were similar with regard to age, number of children and pregnancies, and duration of vomiting. Ketonuria was significantly more severe (p less than 0.01) in the abnormal enzyme group, implying a more severe state of starvation and dehydration. The correlation coefficient between the degree of ketonuria and level of liver enzymes was low for alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.18), GPT (r = 0.15), and GOT (r = 0.28). The concept that dehydration and starvation are important factors for the induction of liver cell injury is supported by our data. Lack of correlation between the degree of ketonuria and liver enzyme levels is suggestive of other mechanisms (hormonal, genetic) that may interact to produce transaminasemia.
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PMID:Abnormal liver enzymes and ketonuria in hyperemesis gravidarum. A retrospective review of 80 patients. 236 99

1. Dehydration of camels for 10 days resulted in reduction of liver functions, expressed in longer half life and reduced clearance of bromosulfophthalein (BSP), elevated AST (ALT levels were below the limit of detection of the method) and reduced serum albumin concentrations. 2. Binding of BSP to camel serum proteins by gel permeation chromatography and by equilibrium dialysis showed very strong binding. 3. Binding parameters of various drugs to camels serum by equilibrium dialysis showed close similarities both qualitatively and quantitatively to those of humans. 4. Albumin seems to be the major serum binding protein of BSP.
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PMID:Liver function and protein binding in camels. 257 54

A 6-year-old girl with cerebral palsy developed conscious disturbance and generalized convulsion after one-hour hot herb drug bath. Physical examination on admission revealed rectal temperature 41 degrees C, hot skin, respiration 46/min, regular heart beat 98/min, BP 130/60 mmHg, Glascow coma scale 4 (E2M1V1), soft and flat abdomen, no hepatosplenomegaly, no skin rash, no focal neurological sign, increased generalized muscle ton. Laboratory data showed CBC: WBC 20400 cumm (Neutrophils 31%, Lymphocytes 69%), Hb 11.6gm%, ESR 11 mm/hr, arterial blood gas: PH 7.077, PO2 43mmHg, PCO2 57.1mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L, BE-11.5mEq/L, serum sodium 143 mEq./L, potassium 5.2 mEq/L, chloride 101 mEq/L, free calcium ion 3.8mg%, GOT 63IU/L, GPT 263 IU/L, amylase 193 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 388 IU/L, LDH 1245 IU/L, CPK 677 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.8 mg/dl, direct type 0.1 mg/dl, BUN 18 mg/dl, Glucose 35 mg/dl. Urinalysis revealed proteinuria( ) trace hematuria and pyuria, but no cast. Lumbar puncture is within normal limits. Bacteriology including blood and CSF are normal. Multiple organ failure was noted at that time. Intensive cooling methods were performed including central and peripheral cooling. We used luminal and valium to control the seizure. Condition didn't improve. Afterwards cardiopulmonary arrest developed. Patient expired 8 hours after admission despite of resuscitation. Heat stroke in infancy and childhood is different from that in adulthood. The predisposing factors are high ambient temperature, dehydration, very young baby, sweat gland dysfunction, or ectodermal dysplasia. Definition of heat stroke includes 1) rectal temperature above 41 degrees C, 2) behavioral change, 3) warm skin, wet or dry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Status epilepticus induced by prolonged immersion in hot herb bath: report of one case]. 263 19

Osmoregulatory and volume-regulatory responses of heat-acclimated pigeons (Columba livia) were studied during normal hydration and dehydration combined with heat exposure. Dehydrated heat-exposed pigeons (exposure to 50 degrees C following 48 h of water deprivation; 16-18% mass loss) could recover 97% of their initial body mass within 30 min of free drinking at the end of heat exposure. At the end of heat exposure, body temperature increased by 3 degrees C and hematocrit increased by 12.5%. Serum electrolyte and protein concentrations increased by 33-53% (P less than 0.001). Serum osmolality reached an outstanding mean value of 436.7 +/- 28.5 mosmol/kg (n = 11), 30.5% higher than the normal mean value. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase concentrations did not change during dehydration, suggesting no impairment in circulatory function. Blood urea nitrogen increased sixfold, indicating a total shutdown of the kidney. Relative plasma volume was maintained during dehydration at the expense of extravascular spaces and with a decreased vascular permeability as indicated by the increase in Evans blue-labeled albumin half-life (control, 104 +/- 53 min; dehydration, approaching infinity). Altogether, extracellular fluid volume and intracellular fluid volume contributed 53 and 47% of the evaporative water loss, respectively. It is concluded that plasma volume regulation may play an important role in the effective thermoregulatory responses of heat-exposed dehydrated pigeons. This regulation is achieved by preferential shifts of body water reserves among the various body water compartments coinciding with a remarkable tolerance to high osmotic pressures.
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PMID:Osmoregulation and body fluid compartmentalization in dehydrated heat-exposed pigeons. 276 60

Over a 6-week period, 35 (41%) of 86 infants admitted with diarrhea and dehydration were found to have human rotavirus (HRV) gastroenteritis, using the Rotazyme (RTZ) test. Serum transaminase levels were measured on 44 infants on admission and 72 infants during the first 3 days of hospitalization. On admission, RTZ-positive (RTZ+) infants had higher mean and median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels [mean 87.5 U/L in RTZ+ vs. 50.0 U/L in RTZ-negative (RTZ-), p = 0.001; medium 60 U/L in RTZ+ vs. 41 U/L in RTZ- infants, p = 0.002], and higher mean and median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (mean 64.3 U/L in RTZ+ vs. 44.0 U/L in RTZ- infants, p = 0.008; median 67.5 U/L vs. 42.0 U/L, respectively, p = less than 0.05). On admission, 72% of RTZ+ vs. 19% of RTZ- infants had ALT levels greater than 50 U/L (p = 0.0004). Maximum ALT levels from the first 3 days were also higher in the RTZ+ group (67.7% of RTZ+ vs. 34.1% of RTZ- having levels greater than 50 U/L, p = 0.005). Transaminase elevations did not correlate with dehydration of any electrolyte abnormalities. These findings suggest that transaminase elevations are common in infants hospitalized with HRV enteritis.
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PMID:Serum transaminase elevations in infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis. 379 4

Clinical and laboratory features of 86 infants admitted with diarrhea and dehydration were evaluated prospectively. Human rotavirus (HRV) infection was documented in 35 infants (41%) by the Rotazyme test. Those with HRV gastroenteritis (HRV+ group) had a shorter duration of diarrhea prior to admission, more severe dehydration on presentation, and a longer hospital course than the HRV-negative (HRV-) group. Vomiting, fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, otitis media, and cough were present in equal numbers of infants in both groups. The HRV+ infants had lower serum bicarbonate and higher serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and uric acid concentrations than did the HRV- infants. Serum uric acid levels greater than 10 mg/dL (590 mumol/L) were present in 69% of HRV+ vs 29% of HRV- infants. The Rotazyme test was found to be a valuable tool in diagnosis; testing on two days increased the yield from 74% to 97% of all infants finally diagnosed as HRV+. The optimal time for testing was within the first five days of illness.
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PMID:Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Clinical and laboratory features and use of the Rotazyme test. 381 82


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