Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recent hypothesis that phototherapy is capable of altering the liver cell, enough to allow passive diffusion of free bilirubin from the blood to the bile, and the discovery of substantial differences between the breakdown products of bilirubin obtained in vivo and in vitro, has prompted the AA. to investigate the enzymatic values in newborn infants with jaundice undergoing phototherapy. A study was made of the variations of cytolithic enzymes (GPT-GOT-GLDH-SDH) and secretions enzymes (FA-LAP-gammaGT-CHE) before and after phototherapy among different sized groups of infants with jaundice, between the 36th and 40th week of the gestational age, and with body weight varying from 1940 to 4150 g. No significant alteration of the cytolithic enzymes were recorded and among the secretion enzymes only the gammaGT was seen to increase. According to the AA., phototherapy does not alter the presence of a possible transitory cholestasis in newborn infants with physiological jaundice and causes no significant damage to the liver cells.
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PMID:[Behavior of some liver enzyme activities in newborn infants with jaundice treated with phototherapy]. 2 91

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

Intensive care patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) developed alterations of liver function tests, seen in the activity of certain serum enzymes. Hepatomegaly and jaundice sometimes appeared. The changes in chemical pathology were in serum transaminases activity (GOT, GPT, GDH); alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as indices of cholestasis; lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, as enzymes related to energy metabolism; pseudocholinesterase, as a protein metabolism-related enzyme. The possible causes of these alterations in critically ill patients undergoing TPN are considered and a functional final metabolic interpretation is proposed.
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PMID:Metabolic changes during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in intensive care. 3 24

A female patient developed a recurrent hepatitis-like liver damage after ingestion of a laxative containing 4,4'-(2-quinolyl-methylene)-diphenol-hydrochloride. After cessation of the drug the clinical picture improved. The hyperbilirubinemia decreased and the definitely elevated GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GTP became normal. Histologically hepato-cellular damage was seen with intra-hepatic cholestasis. As a cause for these symptoms, resembling those after taking oxyphenisatin-containing preparations, immunological procedures were thought responsible, such as "unpredictable hepatic drug reactions".
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PMID:[Liver damage caused by laxatives. A contribution to the hepatotoxicity of 4,4'-(2-quinolylmethylene)-diphenol-hydrochloride]. 16 54

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

Among 200,000 infants screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency, 125 Pi Z, 48 Pi Z, 1Pi S-, and 2 Pi Z- children were followed up prospectively. Eleven percent of the Pi Z infants had neonatal cholestasis, and at 2 years of age three of them had cirrhosis. About 50% of the asymptomatic Pi Z and Pi Z- subjects occasionally had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels above normal, and in 15% of them the levels were probably permanently increased during the first two years of life. Two previously healthy Pi Z children had transient symptoms of liver disease at age 2 years in connection with severe infections. The Pi SZ children had no significant clinical liver disease and only two had abnormal serum ALAT levels. Among Pi Z children up to 2 years of age the following diseases were also encountered: eight had recurrent bronchitis with wheezing, two had persistant cough (both had cirrhosis), one had severe pneumonia, one was mentally retarded, three had urinary tract infections, six had pronounced eczema, one had allergic shock, and three had congenital malformations. Among the Pi SZ children one had recurrent bronchitis, one had eczema, and one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Three children, two Pi Z and one Pi SZ, have died. The Pi Z- and Pi S- subjects were healthy. In conclusion a variety of significant symptoms were observed in about 30% of the Pi Z children compared with 6% of the Pi SZ children during the first two years of life.
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PMID:alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in early childhood. 30 15

In order to establish whether a complete obstructive jaundice can abolish the accumulation of diethyl-HIDA (EHIDA) in the liver parenchyma, the common bile duct was ligated in 14 mongrel dogs. Before as well as at regular intervals after ligature of the common bile duct, a sequence scintigraphy was performed with 2 mCi 99mTc-EHIDA. For evaluation, time-activity curves (Tmax, T1/2), and analogue scintigrams as well as laboratory parameters were used for assessment. Up to seven weeks after ligation of the common bile duct, there was a marked accumulation of EHIDA in the liver parenchyma. The relative liver uptake (liver/background ratio) fell from 8.9 to 2.7, whereas conversely the cholestasis indicators aP and bilirubine rose markedly. Tmax did not show any significant alterations, whereas T1/2 was prolonged from about one week after ligation. Because of the duct ligation, there was no excretion of activity into the intestines. Immediately after ligation of the common bile duct, the gallbladder was shown up as a "hot" area in which the majority of the applied activity appeared from about one hour p.i. Begining with the fifth to the seventh day after ligation, the gallbladder was seen as a "cold" area in the liver paraenchyma. Bilirubine and aP were raised by about 50 times the initial value. With longer lasting cholestasis, the scintigram no longer altered whereas bilirubine and aP rose further. Histological examination after ligation for more than five weeks showed slight alterations as a whole. Gamma-GT and in particular GPT were likewise slightly raised compared to bilirubine and aP. The conclusion was drawn from this that the good accumulation of EHIDA in the liver parenchyma which is to be observed without exception even in cholestasis lasting for several weeks could be explained by a relatively slight hepatocellular damage. Only when there is a consecutive parenchymal damage in extrahepatic jaundice, accumulation of EHIDA in the liver can be abolished.
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PMID:[Animal experiments with 99mTc-diethyl-HIDA in acute complete bile duct occlusion (author's transl)]. 53 Aug 50

Protein hydrolysate-containing parenteral solutions have been reported to be hepatotoxic. Ten infants who were treated with a 20 percent glucose solution containing either 2.5 percent or 3.25 percent protein hydrolysate are reviewed. Their gestational ages were 30 to 40 weeks and births weights 1000 to 35000 g. Serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and bilirubin were measured serially. Serum amino acids were measured and consistently demonstrated decreased levels of isoleucine and increased aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, proline, glycine, alanine, threonine and lysine. The amino acid imbalances were associated with transaminase elevations in eight infants. Serum bilirubin levels increased in six patients and LAP in four. Liver biopsies from three patients showed minimal to moderate hepatic parenchymal disease with cholestasis.
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PMID:The hepatotoxicity of parenteral protein hydrolysate-containing solutions. 82 62

In the present paper is reported on the behavior of different serochemical parameters in heterologous perfusion of the liver of pigs. The perfusion of the animal livers was carried out with preserved human blood in 11 recirculation experiments (closed machine circulations). In addition to this an empty circulation with human blood without attachment to an animal liver was carried out, whereby otherwise the arrangement of the experiment was the same, in order to take into consideration the effects of the blood traumatisation in the interpretation of the results. The enzymes GOT and LAP proved as sensible indicators of the lesion of the liver cells occurring in the perfusion of the liver of the pigs. The behavior of the mitochondrial GDH as well as of the lysosomal enzymes SP and BETA-GC which scarcely increased during the recirculations in the perfusate blood, however, allows the conclusion that there did not appear a severe lesion of the liver cells (necrobiosis) during several hours of perfusion. A cholestasis did not develop during the perfusions, when one takes as basis the behavior of the enzymes AP, GGTP and AAP indicating cholestasis. Compared with GOT the enzyme GPT showed by far less elevations in the perfusate blood so that with increasing duration of the perfusion the De-Ritis-quotient significantly increased. Increased LDH-activities above all revealed the increasing during perfusion haemolysis and less reliably a lesion of the liver of the pig. The increase of ADA in the perfusate blood proved as nearly exclusively conditioned by haemolysis. Total protein, albumins, immunoglobulins, cholinesterase and thymol turbidity test remained unchanged in the course of the perfusions.
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PMID:[Studies on the functional ability of swine liver perfused with human blood in machine recirculation attempt. 2. Behavior of serochemical parameters]. 96 Aug 62

The authors report the clinical, biochemical, histological and etiologic characteristics of 24 patients with the syndrome of benign intra-hepatic post-operative cholestasis. Jaundice appeared early in the post-operative period, from the first to the 12th post-operative day. All patients had received blood transfusions. In 23 patients, the post-operative course was complicated, chiefly by local infection or septicemia. Hyperbilirubinemia ranged from 2 to 28 mg per 100 ml and was mainly conjugated; serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal or moderately elevated; in 3 patients, it was markedly elevated; serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity was normal on 7 patients, moderatly increased in 15, and markedly increased in one. Liver histology was normal in 6 patients, and showed minimal lesions (cholestasis and slight portal inflammatory changes) in 3. Jaundice did not appear to modify the final outcome. It appears to be due both to increased production of bilirubin (as a result of blood transfusions) and to decreased excretion of bilirubin by the liver (as a result of the surgical operation and of infection).
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PMID:[Benign postoperative intrahepatic cholestasis]. 117 77


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