Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin (triacetyloleandomycin and oleandomycin phosphate) were studied in patients with bronchial asthma. Twenty-one cases of the disease without associating infections entered the study, and they were given 750mg of oleandomycin or triacetryloleandomycin in three divided doses daily for two weeks. Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings were compared to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotic therapy between the three 2-week periods before, during and after the therapy. Improvements in clinical manifestations were attained in 11 of 21 cases (52.3%), and last after discontinuance of the therapy in 8(38.1%). The blood level of 11-OHCS as determined by the Demoorr's fluorescence method increased by greater than 20% at the end of thearpy in 7 of 18 cases (38.9%). In 5 of the 7 cases favorable responses were seen clinically to the oleandomycin therapy. The serum IgE level determined by the radioimmunosorbent test was compared before and after the therapy to reveal that oleandomycin caused decrease of IgE in 10 and increase in 9 of 20 cases examined. The oleandomycin therapy resulted increases by greater than 20% of the vital capacity and FEV 1.0 in 2 and 3, respectively, of 15 cases. Jaundice in association with elevations of the GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase developed in one patient, and generalized skin eruption in another. Both of these cases were given triacetyloleandomycin.
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PMID:[The clinical effect of antibiotics in the macrolide family on bronchial asthma. Non-antimicrobial actions of oleandomycin [author's transl)]. 86 59

Seven children from 3 to 14 years old with chronic steroid-dependent asthma were treated with methotrexate (MTX). Asthma in all of the patients had been poorly controlled for at least 2 years despite the use of oral theophylline and inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn and albuterol. All presented with significant side effects as a result of chronic systemic steroid therapy. Five patients were atopic and had been unable to tolerate immunotherapy because of systemic reactions. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced expiratory flow, mid-expiratory phase, improved in four patients after 4 to 6 months of treatment with doses of MTX ranging from 7.5 to 17.5 mg/wk. Three patients were able to discontinue their systemic corticosteroids. Laboratory values including complete blood cell count with differential and liver enzymes remained at baseline in all except one patient, who had transient elevation in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. One patient experienced side effects sufficient to require discontinuation of MTX. It is concluded that MTX is effective for reducing the need for systemic corticosteroids and for improving pulmonary functions in some individuals. The benefits of MTX in this group of severe asthmatics appear to justify the potential risks involved in its use.
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PMID:Methotrexate treatment of severe asthma in children. 155 42

The author studied the characteristics of ACE inhibitor-induced cough in 41 non-smoking hypertensive patients. For at least 6 months, 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) were treated with enalapril, and 21 (11 males and 10 females) with aracepril. The results were as follows. 1) ACE inhibitor-induced cough was induced in 7 cases (1 male and 6 females). The incident rate of cough was 17.1%. ACE inhibitor-induced cough was not significantly related to past allergic history or to the beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. The laboratory findings of the cough sufferers--such as eosinophil percent in venous blood, serum GOT and GPT, urea nitrogen, creatinine, renal function (PSP excretion test and creatinine clearance), and pulmonary function (%FVC, FEV1.0% and %V25)--were not significantly different from those of the non-coughers. 2) Inhibitory effects of ipratropium bromide inhalation of ACE inhibitor-induced cough were noted in 83.3% of the patients, but their coughs did not completely disappear. From these findings, the pathogenesis of this cough may be related to be as follows. The cough seems to be related to the release of acetylcholine from vagal nerve terminals or to the stimulation of irritant receptors and vagal reflex. 3) Chronic persistent cough or bronchial asthma did not occur after stopping the treatment with ACE inhibitors. The mean follow-up period was 15.6 months.
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PMID:[Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-induced cough in non-smoking hypertensive patients]. 183 7

We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ceftibuten (CETB, 7432-S), a new cephem antibiotic for oral use, in chronic respiratory tract infections. A daily dose of 400 mg (b.i.d.: 15 cases) or 600 mg (t.i.d.: 5 cases) of CETB was given orally for 3-14 days (mean: 10.6 days) to 20 patients: 9 with infected bronchiectasis, 3 with infection supervened on pulmonary emphysema, 3 with acute pneumonia (supervened on bronchiectasis in 2 of 3 cases), 2 with infected bronchial asthma, 1 each with infection supervened on old pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical effects were excellent in 3, good in 11, fair in 3 and poor in 3. Eighteen strains were identified as causative organisms. Eight of 15 strains for which bacteriological responses were evaluable were eradicated by the use of CETB. Eosinophilia in 2 patients and an elevation of S-GPT value was observed in 1 patient. These adverse reactions disappeared after the completion of the therapy. From the above results, we conclude that CETB is one of the most useful antibiotics for oral use as a first choice in chronic respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Therapeutic efficacy of ceftibuten in chronic respiratory tract infections]. 239 48

Nomifensine was introduced as an effective antidepressant drug with few side effects. However, among our patients we have seen 2 typical cases of drug fever due to nomifensine. 2-4 weeks after start of nomifensine treatment, 75-150 mg/day, for recurrent endogenous depressions the patients developed shiverings and fever. Nomifensine was withdrawn and both became afebrile within 1 day. A provocation test with 50 mg nomifensine p.o. again resulted in shiverings and fever within 6-8 h. 1 of the patients was allergic to other drugs and suffered from asthma. During the acute episode of illness the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase was elevated and it normalized after stopping the treatment. A liver biopsy at that time showed liver cell necrosis, and a moderate grade of steatosis and fibrosis was also present. The results indicate that nomifensine may cause drug fever. It is possible that patients with allergy and/or liver diseases in particular may be susceptible to drug fever due to nomifensine.
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PMID:Drug fever due to nomifensine treatment in patients with endogenous depression. 729 71

During the study's first stage, 284 homeless people from crisis and long-term accommodation sites were surveyed using stratified, systematic sampling. The second stage involved a survey of a convenience sample of 100 homeless people from squats and the streets. Participants completed a questionnaire, Mantoux testing was performed and blood taken for gamma-interferon assay, liver and renal function tests. The group's health status was poor, with 72% experiencing medical conditions in the preceding two years and 77% symptoms in the month prior to interview. Bronchitis, asthma and gastroenteritis were the most commonly reported conditions; productive and persistent coughing, shortness of breath and wheezing the commonest symptoms. Twenty-one per cent had Mantoux reactions 15 mm or greater, 28% a raised GGT and 19% a raised ALT. Seventy-seven per cent smoked, 74% were current drinkers, 28% had injected drugs at some time in their lives and 14% were regularly injecting drugs. Forty-four per cent had experienced mental illness, 49% of whom reported depression and 15% schizophrenia. Homeless people in Melbourne have poor health status and engage in behaviours that place their health at risk. The high number of respiratory and gastro-intestinal complaints, the high level of cigarette smoking and injecting drug use (IDU) and the proportion likely to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) are all issues with important health consequences. Participants recruited from the street had significantly poorer health and engaged in more risk behaviours than those from accommodation sites; those from the accommodated sample were more likely to be infected with Mtb.
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PMID:Health indicators and risks among people experiencing homelessness in Melbourne, 1995-1996. 965 74

1. Thonningia sanguinea, a plant used prophylactically against bronchial asthma in Ghana was recently found to have antioxidative and hepatoprotective actions in our laboratory. 2. In this study, the effect of T. sanguinea extract on certain biochemical indices in serum and liver of Fischer 344 rats given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose (1 mg/kg) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. 3. Administration of AFB1 resulted in significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels and a significant decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity in liver microsomes. When T. sanguinea (5 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats 12 h and 1 h before AFB1, liver injury was significantly reduced as seen in the decreased levels of serum ALT and serum GST. However, the decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity by AFB1 was not recovered but enhanced by T. sanguinea pre-treatment. 4. Kinetic analysis of cytochrome P450 activity of rat liver microsomes in vitro demonstrated that T. sanguinea inhibited aniline hydroxylase non-competitively suggesting depression of biotransformation of AFB1 to toxic metabolites. 5. The data indicate a hepatoprotective action of T. sanguinea against AFB1-induced liver injury.
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PMID:Medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea protects against aflatoxin B1 acute hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats. 975 33

Zileuton, a leukotriene pathway inhibitor used to treat asthma, improves lung function, relieves symptoms, and is well tolerated. The purpose of this 12-month, parallel-group, open-label study was to assess the efficacy of zileuton and evaluate liver function in patients treated with this drug (approximately 2% of patients treated with zileuton in controlled trials had reversible liver enzyme elevations). A total of 2,947 patients at 233 centers in the United States were randomly assigned in a 5:1 ratio to treatment with zileuton plus usual asthma care or usual asthma care alone. Efficacy variables included asthma exacerbations; need for alternative treatment, steroid rescue, emergency care, and hospitalizations; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1); and asthma symptom scores. The safety evaluation included measurement of alanine aminotransferase levels. Patients treated with zileuton had significantly fewer corticosteroid rescues (P < 0.001), required less emergency care (P < 0.05), had fewer hospitalizations, and had greater increases in FEV1 (P = 0.048). They also had significantly greater improvements in asthma symptoms. Increases in alanine aminotransferase levels to three times or more the upper limit of normal occurred in 4.6% of patients treated with zileuton and 1.1% of those receiving usual care (P < 0.001); most increases occurred during the first 2 to 3 months. Alanine aminotransferase levels decreased to less than two times the upper limit of normal or to baseline levels during zileuton treatment or after drug cessation. Jaundice or chronic liver disease did not develop in any patient. Adding zileuton to the therapeutic regimens of patients with asthma is likely to improve asthma control and lower utilization of healthcare resources.
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PMID:Safety and clinical efficacy of zileuton in patients with chronic asthma. 1018 Oct 70

Zafirlukast, a competitive cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, is a new class of asthma medications. It has shown an adverse event profile similar to that of placebo. Herein, we present a 69-year-old female patient who suffered from general malaise, poor appetite, nausea and jaundice after 3 months of zafirlukast therapy for asthma. She had no past history of liver disease, nor history of alcoholism, herb medication, blood transfusion, acupuncture, tattoo or recent traveling history. Liver biochemistries revealed elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartase aminotransferase levels up to 481 U/L and 212 U/L, respectively. Moreover, peak serum total bilirubin level was elevated to 34.8 mg/dL during admission. Serum viral hepatitis marker, antinuclear antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody and anti-smooth muscle antibody were all negative. Her general condition and liver biochemistries improved gradually after zafirlukast was discontinued. Roussel Uclaf causality assessment for adverse drug reaction confirmed the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. This case reminds us that zafirlukast is a potentially hepato-toxic drug. If clinical manifestations of hepatitis develop, patients should be managed cautiously and closely monitored for liver biochemistries. If drug-induced hepatitis is suspected, medication should be discontinued immediately to prevent further liver injury.
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PMID:Zafirlukast-induced acute hepatitis. 1258 21

Hardwood smoke is a contributor to both ambient and indoor air pollution. As part of a general health assessment of multiple anthropogenic source emissions conducted by the National Environmental Respiratory Center, a series of health assays was conducted on rodents exposed to environmentally relevant levels of hardwood smoke. This article summarizes the study design and exposures, and reports findings on general indicators of toxicity, bacterial clearance, cardiac function, and carcinogenic potential. Hardwood smoke was generated from an uncertified wood stove, burning wood of mixed oak species. Animals were exposed to clean air (control) or dilutions of whole emissions based on particulate (30, 100, 300, and 1000 micromg/m3). F344 rats, SHR rats, strain A/J mice, and C57BL/6 mice were exposed by whole-body inhalation 6 h/day, 7 days/wk, for either 1 wk or 6 mo. Effects of exposure on general indicators of toxicity, bacterial clearance, cardiac function, and carcinogenic potential were mild. Exposure-related effects included increases in platelets and decreases in blood urea nitrogen and serum alanine aminotransferase. Several other responses met screening criteria for significant exposure effects but were not consistent between genders or exposure times and were not corroborated by related parameters. Pulmonary histopathology revealed very little accumulation of hardwood smoke particulate matter. Parallel studies demonstrated mild exposure effects on bronchoalveolar lavage parameters and in a mouse model of asthma. In summary, the results reported here show few and only modest health hazards from short-term to subchronic exposures to realistic concentrations of hardwood smoke.
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PMID:Health effects of subchronic exposure to environmental levels of hardwood smoke. 1671 24


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