Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

S-6437 (Sustained release cephalexin granule for pediatric use) was studied with the following results: 1) Following the single oral administration of 25 mg/kg of S-6437 in 6 children 4 approximately 6 years old, the following blood levels (average) of cephalexin were obtained: 3.1 microgram/ml in one hour after the administration, 8.6 microgram/ml in 2 hours, 8.7 in 4 hours, 7.2 in 6 hours, 4.0 in 8 hours and 1.2 in 12 hours. Effective blood levels of cephalexin by S-6437 were maintained for longer period of time than those by regular cephalexine dry syrup. In 4 of 6 children receiving S-6437, cephalexin was scarcely detected in their blood in 12 hours after the administration. From this, it is not considered that S-6437 is accumulated in body. 2) S-6437 was administered to 38 patients including: 7 with pneumonia, 7 with acute bronchitis, 1 with suppurative lymphadenitis, 4 with acute pharyngitis, 15 with acute tonsillitis and 4 with acute urinary tract infections. Out of the 35 cases, 31 (88.6%) responded to S-6437, and 3 cases could not be evaluated. 3) Transient diarrhea in 2 patients, rash in 1 and elevation of serum GOT, GPT and LDH in 1 were observed. However, these side effects were improved by discontinuation of S-6437.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with sustained release cephalexin (S-6437) in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 64 8

We conducted clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a newly developed parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 13 children with infections, including 6 with acute bronchopneumonia, 1 each with acute pharyngitis, acute bronchitis, sepsis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, urinary tract infection, subcutaneous abscess and furuncle. PAPM/BP was administered by intravenous drip infusion. Doses varied from 12 to 27 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 25 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 and good in 9 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92%. 2. No adverse reactions were observed. In laboratory tests, elevations of GOT, GPT and urobilinogen were observed in 3 cases. It was concluded that PAPM/BP was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 27

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 11 patients were as follows: excellent; 8 patients, good; 2 patients, poor; 1 patient, hence the efficacy rate was 90.9%. 2. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed except slight elevation of GOT and GPT in a patient and leukopenia in another. 3. MICs of CPR against 18 beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.56 micrograms/ml, MICs against 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml, those against 3 out of 5 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml and those against the remaining 2 strains were 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 2 out of 3 strains Acinetobacter lwoffi were 1.56 micrograms/ml, and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were 1.56 micrograms/ml. MICs against a strain of Pseudomonas putida and a strain of Citrobacter diversus were 0.78 and less than 0.025 microgram/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. 188 Sep 23

We studied pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir (CFDN), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CFDN in 2 patients were investigated. The 2 patients with ages of 8 years (36.5 kg, body weight) and 6 years (26.5 kg, body weight) were administered with 3 mg/kg of fine granules of CFDN on empty stomachs. Peak plasma levels of CFDN were 0.85 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.56 microgram/ml in the other. The 8-hour urinary recovery rate was 21.6% of the administered dose in one and was not calculable in the other. 2. Clinical effects of CFDN were studied in 25 children with various infectious diseases: 11 with acute pharyngitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, 2 with acute laryngitis, 3 with acute bronchitis, 2 with acute bronchopneumonia, 4 with scarlet fever, 1 with acute otitis media, 1 with acute lymphadenitis. The efficacy rate was 96% (24/25), and the bacteriological eradication rate was 83.3% (10/12). 3. No side effects were noted. Clinical laboratory test values were investigated in 14 patients. There were no seriously abnormal laboratory test findings except a slight elevation of eosinophile and GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical study on cefdinir in pediatric field]. 228 17

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 20 children with bacterial infections (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. 1. CDZM was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at daily dosages ranging from 54.5 to 84.2 mg/kg administered by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous injection to 20 patients (7 cases of acute tonsillitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases each of bronchitis and suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute pharyngitis, acute enteritis and furunculosis) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent, 7 cases; good, 11 cases; fair, 2 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 90% (Table 4). 2. MICs of CDZM against 15 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs against all 7 strains of Haemophilus influenzae were less than 0.025 micrograms/ml. MIC against 1 out of 5 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.05 micrograms/ml and those against 2 strains were 0.10 micrograms/ml and against the other 2 were 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were 1.56, 25 and higher than 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. No clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the 20 patients. Eosinophilia was observed in 2 cases. A slight elevation of S-GOT was found in 1 patient (case No. 8) and moderate elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT in another (case No. 18) (Table 4). In case No. 18, the S-GOT and S-GPT activity improved after the administration of the drug was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefodizime in children]. 279 59

Cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antimicrobial activities Antimicrobial activities of CDZM against clinically isolated organisms were determined. MICs of CDZM against 1 strain each of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0.05 micrograms/ml to 0.10 micrograms/ml. Especially, MIC against all 6 strains of Haemophilus influenzae was less than or equal to 0.024 micrograms/ml. This MIC value was lower than those of other antibiotics such as cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefazolin, piperacillin. 2. Pharmacokinetics CDZM was given to 1 case at a dose of 20 mg/kg by a 60-minute intravenous drip infusion. The peak value of serum concentration of CDZM was 207.80 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. The half-life was 2.15 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 68.5% in the first 4 hours, 79.2% in 6 hours and 76.5% in 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion. 3. Clinical efficacy CDZM was given to a total of 27 patients, 13 with pneumonia, 1 with bronchitis, 2 with acute pharyngitis, 1 with purulent tonsillitis, 5 with urinary tract infection, 1 each with retrograde cholangitis, acute enteritis, pericementitis, phlegmon and inguinal lymphadenitis. Overall clinical efficacies were excellent in 5 cases, good in 17 and the efficacy rate was 81%. Bacteriological effects were investigated in 13 cases and the eradication rate was 85%. No adverse reactions were observed in any case. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevated GOT, GPT, A1-P, LAP and gamma-GTP, were noted in 1 out of the 28 cases examined.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefodizime in children]. 279 60

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated for its usefulness in pediatrics. 1. The total number of patients treated were 21 with their ages ranging from 3 months to 9 years and 1 month, consisting of 5 male and 16 female infants. 2. Single dosages of the drug ranged between 4.4 mg and 5.8 mg/kg with oral administration for 3 times daily in fasting. A total aggregated dosage was between 46.4 mg/kg and 200.0 mg/kg. The length of administration was 3 to 12 days. 3. The breakdown of symptoms were 9 cases of acute pharyngitis, 5 cases of acute tonsillitis, 3 cases of acute bronchitis, and 1 case each of impetigo + purulent rhinitis, cervical lymphadenitis, scarlet fever, and urinary tract infection. 4. The clinical efficacy rate was 100% with 18 excellent responses and 3 good responses. 5. The bacteriological efficacy rate was 90.9% in eradication rate, based on results on 17 strains of suspected causative microorganism among which 10 strains were eradicated, 1 strain was decreased, and 6 strains were unknown. 6. There was no side effect during the treatment and after the discontinuation, while, in clinical laboratory tests, GOT and GPT were elevated in 1 case which was judged as abnormal. No patient refused the drug. CPDX-PR was considered to be very useful drug because of its excellent efficacy and safety in pediatrics in treating infectious diseases.
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PMID:[Study of efficacy, safety and dosage on cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatric infections]. 281 Jul 26

The clinical efficacy and the safety of cefteram pivoxil granule (CFTM-PI, T-2588), a newly prepared drug for pediatric use, were performed. A total of 60 patients with ages between 6 months and 14 years 3 months with pediatric infections were medicated with CFTM-PI at dose levels of 3.2-9.9 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3-11 days. Clinical responses to the drug were excellent in 3 of 3 patients with acute pharyngitis, excellent in 14, good in 5 and poor in 2 of 21 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, excellent in 1 and good in 2 of 3 patients with acute bronchitis, excellent in 16 and good in 8 of 24 patients with acute pneumonia, excellent in 3 and good in 1 of 4 patients with acute urinary tract infection and excellent in 2 of 2 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis, hence the overall clinical efficacy rate was 96.5% in a total of 57 patients. Bacteriological responses to the drug were as follows: Eradicated, 8 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive; 7, beta-lactamase negative; 12), 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase positive) and 4 strains of Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase positive; 1, beta-lactamase negative; 3), decreased, 1 strain of S. pyogenes, hence the eradication rate was 97.2%. No side effects were encountered in any of the patients but for 3 who had diarrhoea and 1 who had loose stool, though these changes were slight. As abnormal laboratory test data, elevation of GOT was noted in 1 case, thrombocytosis and elevation of GPT in another. Also, none of the patients refused or complained of difficulty in intaking of the drug via oral route. In conclusion, CFTM-PI appeared to be a safe and highly effective antibiotic against pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 58

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was given intravenously to 20 children with the following acute bacterial infections; 10 cases of bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, each 1 case of acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis and acute tonsillitis, and pleuritis. Good clinical responses were obtained in 18 patients out of 20 patients and bacteriological effectiveness in 13 strains out of 14 strains. No side effect was observed except for 1 case with diarrhea and 1 case with slight elevation of GOT and GPT. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CMNX is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefminox in the pediatric field]. 387 40

Fundamental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 granules, containing 2 parts amoxicillin (AMPC) and 1 part clavulanic acid (CVA) (a beta-lactamase inhibitor) were carried out in the pediatric field. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates were determined after oral administration of BRL 25000 granules at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 2 children. The mean peak serum concentrations of AMPC and CVA were 4.89 and 2.85 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after administration, with serum half-lives (T 1/2) of 1.15 and 0.89 hours respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates of AMPC and CVA in the 6 hours after administration were 24.91% and 10.19%, respectively. BRL 25000 granules were also administered at daily doses of 25.1-60.4 mg/kg in 3 divided doses, to 20 pediatric patients with bacterial infections (4 acute tonsillitis, 2 acute pharyngitis, 3 suspected scarlet fever, 3 acute bronchitis, 8 urinary tract infection). The efficacy rate was 100% clinically and 70% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed, however, abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 4 cases (slight elevation of GOT in 2, GPT in 1, eosinophilia in 1).
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field]. 400 51


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