Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the period of January 1978 to October 1988, 32 Le Veen shunts (LVS) were implanted in 20 patients, out of which 16 were alcoholic cirrhotics and 4 postnecrotic cirrhotics. In the present study, we correlated preoperative laboratory data of these patients with their postoperative evolution, comparing the clinical results of patients who survived more than 30 days (13 patients = 65%) with the results of those who died within the same period (7 patients = 35%). For that matter, 14 laboratory tests were performed in order to measure the serum levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, bilirubin, albumin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, fibrinogen, gamma GT and prothrombin activity. After statistical analysis, we observed that 6 of the 14 tests performed could be considered of prognostic value in the following decreasing order of importance: fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin activity, urea, gamma GT and bilirubin. We observed that all the 7 patients who died prematurely presented 3 or more of these levels altered, when compared with standard values. Based on these data, we concluded that serum levels of fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, urea, gamma GT, bilirubin and activity of prothrombin proved to be important factors in determining the prognosis of immediate survival in cirrhotic patients who underwent LVS implantation. We also concluded that when 3 or more of these factors are altered, the implant of LVS is contraindicated, whatever clinical criteria for indication and contraindication were taken into account.
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PMID:Prognostic value of preoperative tests in the surgical treatment of ascites with the implant of Le Veen shunts in cirrhotics. 184 48

A 77-year-old woman with a 9 years history of Parkinson's disease was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, disturbance of consciousness, increased muscular rigidity and abnormal involuntary movements. She was continuously treated with levodopa + carbidopa (Menesit) 300 mg and amantadine 150 mg every day until admission. On admission, the pulse rate was 102 per minute, blood pressure 90/40 mmHg, body temperature 40.9 degrees C, and bloody stool was noticed. On laboratory examination, erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 6 mm/h, thrombocytes 8.1 X 10(4)/microliters, fibrinogen 91 mg/dl, FDP 40 mg/ml, suggesting DIC. According to her biochemical examination, serum GOT (167 u), GPT (119 u), CPK (847 IU/l), BUN (53.9 mg/dl) and myoglobin (10,370 ng/ml) were increased. These laboratory data indicated that she was suffering from neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). On diagnosis of NMS associated with DIC, she was treated with dantrolene and FUT-175. Dantrolene was effective on the elevated COK level and FUT-175 was effective on the DIC, and symptoms of NMS and DIC were completely improved after a period of 14 days. Patients with Parkinson's disease have been suspected to have a low incidence of DIC, and this may be the first case report on successful treatment of levodopa-induced NMS with DIC in the patient with Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of levodopa-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a patient with Parkinson's disease]. 204 8

The effects of soman poisoning on hematological (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets and measurement of hematocrit) and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and factor XI) and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours after poisoning of rabbits. There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in the RBC counts in all treatment groups that were measured initially at 4 hours and were reflected by parallel decreases in the hematocrit values. These changes were probably due to an increase in the hemolysis of the RBC rather than a decrease in the production of RBC. There were minor changes in the coagulation parameters. Generally, the fibrinogen content increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 24 and 48 hours after soman (50 micrograms/kg) poisoning. Blood cholinesterase values were significantly reduced in all treatment groups at all time periods. The CPK activity was increased after 4 and 24 hours in the 20 and 50 micrograms/kg soman groups. There were minor changes in the other biochemistry values, but none that showed a dose-response relationship; thus, they were considered to be of limited significance with regard to the toxic manifestations of soman exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of soman poisoning on hematology and coagulation parameters and serum biochemistry in rabbits. 212 98

To investigate hemostatic changes after artificial valve replacement, I studied platelets, fibrinogen (Fbg), antithrombin III (AT-III), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), thrombotest (TT), prothrombin time (PT), bleeding time (BT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in 75 patients complicated with combined cardiac valvular disease. Twenty-nine patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR group) and 46 patients without that (control group) were compared. 1) TR group, that contained patients with severer cases, showed a significantly longer operative time and greater bleeding volume than control group (p less than 0.01). 2) Many patients in TR group showed high serum II, frequency of abnormal platelet functions during and after extracorporeal circulation total-bilirubin and GPT level after operation and higher ICG R-value before operation than in control group. 3) After operation, the platelet count was significantly lower in TR group (p less than 0.01) than in control group, and was lowest on the 3rd postoperative day in both groups. 4) In both groups Fbg increased significantly after operation, and was lower in TR group on the 7th and 10th postoperative days than in control group. FDP was significantly higher in TR group than in control group after the 3rd postoperative day. 5) BT and APTT were similar in the two groups. 6) PT and TT were lower in TR group before operation (p less than 0.01) than in control group, and decreased after operation and administration of anticoagulants in both groups. These results indicate that patients with combined cardiac valvular disease with tricuspid regurgitation have a hemorrhagic tendency due to disorders of extrinsic coagulant, which may be caused by liver hypofunction, and are easy to bleed.
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PMID:[Hemostatic changes after artificial valve replacement--especially tricuspid regurgitation]. 223 Mar 77

An open, randomized, controlled study including 57 patients with acute cerebral infarct was performed. All the patients, followed and controlled by the same examiner, received, in the first ten days, 24 mg/die i.v. of dexamethasone. 28 patients were also treated with mesoglycan (150 mg/die i.m. for five days and 144 mg/die per os for a further twenty-five days). The differences between the basal and final scores in the mesoglycan group and in the controls were not statistically significant as analysed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The mesoglycan influenced only slightly the laboratory values (PT, PTT, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT, cholesterol and triglycerides, fibrinogen, blood glucose, azotemia and creatinine) performed before the beginning of the treatment, as their changes after thirty days of therapy were in the normal range. The mesoglycan was very well tolerated and no side-effects were observed during the treatment.
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PMID:[Mesoglycan in acute focal cerebral ischemia]. 253 10

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured at the time of diagnosis in 81 patients with acute leukemia or blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia using precipitation by 3.75% polyethyleneglycol. Elevated CIC levels did not adversely influence complete remission duration and survival, patients with normal CIC levels exhibited mostly shorter remission and survival than those with elevated or borderline levels. No significant correlation was observed between CIC levels and Hb, WBC, CBC, platelet count, age, serum bilirubin, total protein, fibrinogen, AST and ALT levels, presence of hepatosplenomegaly and/or lymphadenopathy, HbSAg positivity, complete remission duration and survival. The lack of correlation may be caused by altered immune response in leukemic patients, but the obtained results may also be affected by the nonspecific nature of the method used for the detection. Simultaneous detection of CIC levels by multiple tests and evaluation not only of the number but also of the composition and size of CIC may decrease the incidence of false results. Nevertheless, only the establishment of antigen-specific assays may resolve the controversies in the detection of CIC and thus contribute to a more precise assessment of the role of CIC in prognosis of cancer, as well as to the verification of reliability of using CIC as a tumor marker.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in acute leukemia. 270 22

Seventy-four patients with beta-thalassemia major were studied to test the hypothesis that a deficiency of protein C (PC) and antithrombin III (AT III), both antithrombotic proteins, could contribute to the pathogenesis of CNS thromboembolic lesions. In 70 patients, PC levels were found to be significantly lower than normal, whereas AT III activity was found to be lower only in 41 patients. The lowest values of PC and AT III were found in older splenectomized patients, a low PC value only was found in chronic hepatitis patients. Prothrombin time and fibrinogen were found to be particularly abnormal in patients with chronic hepatitis and without spleen. A relatively poor correlation was observed between PC and AT III (p less than 0.02). PC correlated with age (p less than 0.001), transfusional iron (p less than 0.001) and ferritin (p less than 0.001). It also correlated with serum albumin (p less than 0.001), prothrombin time (p less than 0.001) and fibrinogen (p less than 0.02) and with serum transaminases (GPT) (p less than 0.001). The same indexes correlated less significantly with AT III activity. Nevertheless, only 2 of our patients had CNS thromboembolic complications. It is probable that low clotting factors, hyperfibrinolysis and thrombocytopenia (which are common in chronic liver disease) could have the opposite effect on hemostasis from that of low levels of anticoagulant proteins such as PC and AT III.
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PMID:Protein C and antithrombin III in polytransfused thalassemic patients. 310 18

Coagulation factor concentrates prepared in England are all subjected to heating in solution or in the lyophilised state. Concentrates of factor VIII, factor IX (II and X), factor VII and factor XI are terminally heated in the lyophilised state at 80 degrees C for 72 h but the current fibrinogen concentrate withstands only 70 degrees C for 24 h. 33 patients receiving factor VIII concentrate (code 8Y) and factor IX concentrate (code 9A) for the first time have had regular liver function tests (LFTs) and we have at least some data on 26 of them exposed for greater than 3 months. Of these 26 patients, four had received no blood products before 8Y, 15 had received only cryoprecipitate before 8Y, and seven had received no blood products before 9A. Nine have missed only one or none of their two-weekly tests, four have missed two or three tests and on the remaining 13, the LFT follow-up has been unsatisfactory, although in some cases clinical examination has been helpful. 12 batches of 8Y from greater than 70,000 donations and seven batches of 9A from greater than 40,000 donations have been used. In 13 patients who have had regular prospective LFTs, none has had an ALT or AST level above twice normal. One patient followed only irregularly has shown an isolated ALT rise at eight weeks, unconfirmed at nine or at 17 weeks.
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PMID:Interim results of surveillance for NANBH in patients receiving heated concentrates produced in England. 311 10

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, ascites, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A cervical lymph node was biopsied and diagnosed as a diffuse mixed cell type B-cell malignant lymphoma with positive cytoplasmic IgM in plasmacytoid lymphocytes and immunoblasts. Serum protein electrophoresis disclosed a monoclonal peak and immuno-electrophoresis identified the abnormal protein as IgM kappa(k). Serum immunoquantitation revealed an IgM level of 1470 mg/dl. Bence-Jones protein of the k type was positive in the urine. Cryoglobulin with the characteristics of IgM was present in the serum. In peripheral blood, hemoglobin was 12.4 g/dl, WBC 26,500/microliters with increased abnormal cells and the platelet count 2.2 x 10(4)/microliters. Low fibrinogen and high FDP levels indicated the existence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Gabexate mesilate (FOY) was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/day for the DIC with very good response. After one course of combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, adriamycin), he achieved complete remission. However, three months later, he showed icterus and anorexia again with high levels of serum GOT and GPT and positive HBs antigen. On the 117th hospital day, he became abruptly developed right hemiplegia and coma. Cranial CT demonstrated massive thalamic bleeding in the left hemisphere with ventricular rupture, and he died on the same day.
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PMID:B-cell malignant lymphoma associated with monoclonal macroglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemia. 315 23

Stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) is advocated as an oxygen-transporting resuscitation solution. Hemoglobin has been shown to enhance endotoxin lethality when given intraperitoneally. It is possible that SFH could interact with endotoxin when used as an oxygen-transporting resuscitation system for trauma victims with contaminating wounds. To assess the effects of these two agents when given intravascularly, rabbits were infused with SFH (1.75 gm/kg) or albumin (controls; 1.75 gm/kg) with and without endotoxin. Two doses of endotoxin were used. At 14.5 ng/kg of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin, no effect was seen in the albumin group. However, 50% of the hemoglobin group died. At 14.5 micrograms/kg, the albumin group showed hematologic alterations, but all animals lived. All SFH-treated animals died at the higher endotoxin dose. SFH alone caused cardiac abnormalities (bradycardia in 100%, sinus arrhythmias in 30%, and ventricular arrhythmias in 20%), liver abnormalities (necrosis in 40% and 240% increase in alanine aminotransferase activity by 6 hours), and intravascular thrombi (30%). The only hemoglobin-induced abnormality that was more frequent in the presence of endotoxin was ventricular arrhythmias (up to 75% of animals). Thrombin times were approximately 20% larger in all SFH groups compared with the albumin groups. By 6 hours after infusion, endotoxin prolonged the thrombin time even further, despite the lack of fibrinogen consumption. This study shows that endotoxin and SFH exert synergistic toxicity when SFH is given in a clinically relevant dose for an oxygen-transporting resuscitation system. Only minute quantities of endotoxin are needed to produce this phenomenon. We hypothesize that this synergism is endotoxin enhancement of hemoglobin toxicity.
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PMID:Synergistic toxicity of endotoxin and hemoglobin. 352 17


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