Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Local inflammation evoked in Swiss albino mice by subcutaneous injection of Celite resulted in a rise of liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity and plasma level of fibrinogen and seromucoid, while liver alanine aminotransferase activity and plasma level of fibrinogen and seromucoid, while liver alanine aminotransferase activity and the plasma level of albumin and total protein remained unaltered. By measuring the incorporation of [14C] leucine, stimulation of liver and plasms protein synthesis by Celite injection was demonstrated. Administration of D-galactosamine (2-5 mg/10 g body weight) inhibited the enhanced synthesis of liver proteins, and especially of trauma-induced synthesis of plasma fibrinogen and seromucoid. The inhibitory effect of galactosamine was most pronounced when the amino sugar was injected simultaneously with Celite and then protein synthesis was measured 6 h later. The results obtained support the idea that high doses of galactosamine inhibit transcription of trauma-inducible mRNA in the liver and thus block the acute-phase response.
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PMID:Inhibition of the liver and plasma protein acute-phase response in mice by D-galactosamine. 1 81

The hepatic tolerability of phthalazine-(2,2-b)-phthalazin-5,12-(7H,14H)-dione (diftalone--administered at the dosage of 750 mg/day p.o. for a mean period of 23 days--has been studied in 40 patients by means of: total plasma protein, albumin, fibrinogen, serum glutamin-oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, glycemic curve after glucagon and plasmatic elimination of bromosulphalein. A statistically but not clinically significant increase of the SGPT level is the only change observed.
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PMID:Some laboratory aspects of hepatic tolerability of diftalone. 57 43

A series of clinical-chemical tests was conducted in 68 schizophrenic out-patients under long-term neuroleptic medication, with particular consideration of the hepatic metabolism, i.e.: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alpha 1-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, GPT, GOT, gamma-GT, total protein and serum-protein-electrophoresis. Furthermore, the glucose tolerance tests was carried out. In 44% of the patients an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and positive correlations with increased fibrinogen values were found. Increased gamma-GT-values were proven in 33% of the patients; they correlated positively with the increased GPT-and/or GOT-values as well as with pathological glucose tolerance values. Overweight of more than 10 kilos was found in 46% of the patients. A significant correlation between overweight and pathological glucose tolerance values existed. The results were interpreted as consequence of a light fatty liver.
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PMID:[Clinical-chemical studies in schizophrenic out-patients under neuroleptic long-term treatment with particular consideration of the hepatic metabolism (author's transl)]. 88 47

Sublethal doses of vincristine (VNC) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered simultaneously to adult male mice resulted in markedly enhanced mortality. All of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested, 4 of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and 6 of 10 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were able to substitute for purified LPS in enhancing mortality in VNC-treated mice. Inoculation of mice with each of 10 strains of Pseudomonas, each of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and about half of the 10 strains of Listeria tested elicited increased resistance to the lethal action of purified LPS. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of 2 mg of LPS/kg and 1 mg of VNC/kg resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of 10 mg of VNC/kg alone or 15 mg of LPS/kg alone with respect to (i) serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase activity, (ii) hematocrit values, and (iii) thrombocytopenia. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of LPS and VNC resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of LPS alone with respect to (i) hypothermia, (ii) retention of sulfobromophthalein, (iii) fibrinogen level, (iv) prothrombin activity, (v) blood urea nitrogen levels, and (vi) time of death. These data are consistent with the proposition that the combination of VNC and LPS produces a fatal renal failure. Histological studies confirmed that there was extensive renal damage in mice treated with lethal doses of LPS alone or a lethal combination of LPS and VNC.
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PMID:Enhanced toxicity for mice of combinations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and vincristine. 94 80

1. Rats were given moderate-selenium (4-5 mg/kg) or low-Se (0-5 mg/kg) diets during gestation and lactation. Their young were given diets with high (10 mg/kg), moderate or low Se contents from weaning, and groups of rats were killed at intervals during the 14-week experimental peroid. 2. Compared with young rats which received the low-Se diet, those which received the moderate- or high-Se diets had a high incidence of liver lesions and there were changes in liver Se content, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, prothrombin activity, fibrinogen content, spleen weight, body water and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminas (L-aspartate : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1 and L-alanine : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.2 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities. In those rats which received the high-Se diet the changes were more pronounced than in those which received the moderate-Se diet. 3. In young rats from dams given moderate-Se diets, which were themselves given the moderate-Se diet, the liver Se content decreased continuously, whereas rats given the same diet but from dams which had received the low-Se diet, the liver Se content increased continuously. There was a slight improvement of symptoms of Se toxicity in all groups by the 5th week of the experimental peroid. 4. The results suggest that there was an adaptation to chronic Se intake.
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PMID:Effects of ingestion of organic selenium in adapted and non-adapted rats. 112 69

Many modifications of the UW solution have been reported to yield successful results in rat liver preservation and transplantation. One solution used histidine, in combination with lactobionate (HL-I), and gave superior preservation of the rat liver when compared with the UW solution. In this study we have compared the HL-I solution with 90 mM histidine, HL-II solution with 30 mM histidine, and the UW solution in dog liver preservation and transplantation. Dog livers were preserved for 48 hr in one of the three solutions and transplanted. The peak AST and ALT values were highest in livers preserved in HL-I, intermediate in UW solution, and lowest in HL-II. However, there were no significant differences among survival rates (average 5-7 days per group), posttransplant serum concentration of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH, and alk-phos), clotting factors (PT and PTT), bilirubin, and fibrinogen concentration for each group. Dogs were sacrificed or died within 5-7 days due to rejection in nonimmunosuppressed dogs. Also, rat livers were preserved in the HL-II solution or in a solution in which histidine was replaced by isoleucine (IL-I). Isoleucine is an amino acid with a molecular mass similar to that of histidine, but is not as good a hydrogen ion buffer as histidine at the pH used for liver preservation (7.4). The buffer capacity of the IL-I solution was similar to the UW solution, but about one-half as much as the HL-II solution. Rats receiving a liver preserved for 30 hr in HL-II or IL-I were 100% viable. Rats receiving a liver preserved for 40-44 hr in HL-II or IL-I showed less survival (33% and 25%, respectively). This shows that histidine can be effectively replaced by isoleucine in a preservation solution and gives equivalent preservation results. Thus, the mechanism of improvement of liver preservation with histidine is not due to its action as a hydrogen ion buffer. These studies show that, although the HL solutions are superior for preservation of the rat liver, they are not superior to the UW solution for preservation of the dog liver. However, as others have shown in the rat liver transplant model, a simplified UW solution (HL-II) appears effective in dog liver preservation. The dog liver transplant model remains a more appropriate model for testing new preservation solutions prior to initiation of clinical trials.
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PMID:A comparison of histidine-lactobionate and UW solution in 48-hour dog liver preservation. 141 52

The prognostic value of hemostatic parameters after orthotopic liver transplantation was evaluated in 37 consecutive patients. Six simple hemostatic parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, thrombin coagulase time, plasma fibrinogen and platelet count) were obtained for each patient pre-transplantation and daily post-transplantation for at least 8 days. Using the results of these tests, the degree of hemostatic impairment was arbitrarily scored from 0 to 6. Starting from the first day post-transplantation, hemostatic parameters improved progressively, reaching plateau values on day 7 post-transplantation. On day 8 there were significant differences in the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and in the overall hemostatic scores between patients who survived at least 6 months and those who died. Comparing these hemostasis parameters with such liver function tests as AST, ALT and serum bilirubin, univariate analysis showed that activated partial thromboplastin time, coagulation score and AST were significant predictors of 6-month survival, but by multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard rate model) only the activated partial thromboplastin time was an independent predictor. Hence, a simple coagulation test is useful for predicting the survival of patients undergoing liver transplantation.
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PMID:Prognostic value of hemostatic parameters after liver transplantation. 150 28

Adding less than 0.5% w/w of culture material of strain MRC 826 of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme to a carbohydrate diet low in fat resulted in an atherogenic plasma lipid profile in a non-human primate. Simultaneously increased plasma fibrinogen and activity of blood coagulation factor VII could enhance atherogenesis. This unique potential for promotion of atherosclerosis was probably secondary to chronic hepatotoxicity as indicated by liver fibrosis and elevated cholesterol, albumin and the enzymes AST, ALT, LD, GGT and ALP in serum. The cholesterol and enzymes responded in proportion to the calculated doses of fumonisin mycotoxins in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 cultures. Fumonisins are water soluble and heat stable. Thrombotic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and cerebral effects of MRC 826 culture material and fumonisins are well known in non-primates. The estimated fumonisin concentrations tested fall within a range due to natural contamination of human foods. The results suggest that all maize grain products should be analysed for fumonisins.
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PMID:Atherogenic effects in a non-human primate of Fusarium moniliforme cultures added to a carbohydrate diet. 163 55

The concentration of leukocyte elastase (ELP) in plasma and serum was determined by an amidolysis method using a specific synthetic substrate for ELP, Suc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA. Results were compared with those using ELISA. ELP levels in plasma from healthy donors were similar to those determined by ELISA; however, the levels in serum were lower than those determined by ELISA. Correlation coefficients of ELP levels in plasma and serum as measured by the two methods were 0.75 (amidolysis) and 0.90 (ELISA). On the other hand, the correlation coefficient between serum ELP by the two methods was 0.83. Half of the ELP levels in plasma from 150 patients and serum from 400 patients were significantly elevated when compared with those from healthy donors, and the ELP elevation determined by amidolytic assay correlated with some variables in blood, namely fibrin(ogen)-degraded products, fibrinogen, GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, LDH and leucine aminopeptidase. Despite the fact that the amidolysis method detects the alpha 2-macroglobulin-ELP complex while ELISA detects the alpha 1-antitrypsin-ELP complex, a comparative study showed amidolysis to provide sufficiently sensitive measurement of both plasma and serum ELP.
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PMID:Determination of leukocyte elastase concentration in plasma and serum by a simple method using a specific synthetic substrate. 172 82

Fibrin glue is a topical biological adhesive, the effect of which imitates the final stages of coagulation. The glue consists of a solution of concentrated human fibrinogen which is activated by the addition of bovine thrombin and calcium chloride. The resultant clot aids haemostasis and tissue sealing and is completely absorbed during wound healing without foreign body reaction or extensive fibrosis. The fibrinogen component of fibrin glue can be produced from fresh frozen plasma obtained from single unit donations thereby reducing the risks of transfusion transmitted infections encountered by exposure to pools from large numbers of donors. Methods involving precipitation of fibrinogen by cryoprecipitation, polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulphate have been described and evaluated. The risk of transmission of infection can be further reduced by using plasma from 'accredited donors' who are plasma donors regularly tested for ALT and markers of viral infection or by use of fibrinogen prepared in advance of surgery from autologous blood. The second component, a mixture of thrombin and CaCl2, is quantitatively and qualitatively well defined and commercially available (Armour Pharmaceutical Co., Thrombinar (bovine thrombin]. Thrombin is applied to the operation site simultaneously and in equal volume to the fibrinogen but from a separate syringe. In the UK a commercial heat treated fibrin glue prepared from pooled plasma is available on a doctor/named patient basis (Tisseel, Immuno, Vienna). The haemostatic and adhesive properties of fibrin glue can be employed in virtually every surgical specialty. The usefulness of the glue is particularly well documented in the fields of cardiovascular surgery, ENT and neurosurgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fibrin glue. 178 83


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