Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitisation occurred in fallow deer and was diagnosed as facial eczema on the basis of liver lesions and plasma enzyme changes over 56 weeks. Clinical signs of photosensitisation were not as obvious as they are in sheep and cattle. The condition occurred over autumn and in the following spring. Six of 23 deer died or were destroyed. Concentrations of plasma total bilirubin, total bile acids and cholesterol increased, as well as the activities of aspartate transaminase, glutamic dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase. Albumin:globulin ratios declined due to moderate increases in globulin and minor reductions in albumin. Many of the plasma enzyme activities did not return to normal after autumn and increased to even higher values during the spring outbreak of photosensitisation. Minor plasma biochemical changes were also detected in non-photosensitive deer in the same herd.
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PMID:Hepatogenous photosensitisation in fallow deer (Dama dama) in New Zealand. 1603 61

No doubt, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a real health problem worldwide. The liver function tests (S.ALT, S.AST, Albumin, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin) were evaluated in 20 PCR-RNA positive HCV-patients and 10 cross matched apparently healthy population. All the HCV-patients and controls were free from liver helminthes. The results showed that in the HCV-patients, there was elevation in the level of S.ALT (17/20 or 85%), S.AST (20/20 or 100%), Total Bilirubin (7/20 or 35%), and (4/20 or 20%). Besides, there was neither a correlation between sexes nor the degrees of viraemia and the elevation of these four parameters. However, serum levels of Albumin, and Total Protein were within the normal range. On the other hand, in the controls the levels of the six tests were within the normal range. Nevertheless, only one control subject who had positive HBs-Ag, showed elevated Total Bilirulin and Direct Bilirubin. Consequently, these tests are indicative as useful and dependable markers in the non-invasive diagnosis of the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
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PMID:The liver function profile in PCR-RNA Egyptian HCV-patients and normal controls. 1608 59

Patients infected with schistosoma frequently show a high seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies. The aim of this study was to find the underlying reason for this phenomenon, and to examine a possible involvement of autoantibodies. Out of 2,400 Egyptian blood donors, 192 (8%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA. They were 133 males and 59 females with age ranging from 27 to 48 years. According to optical density ratio (ODR) of anti-HCV antibodies, 96 cases were low positive (LP) with ODR (1-2) designated as group I, and 96 were high positive (HP) with ODR (> or =2) (group II). Both groups were examined for quantitative HCV core antigen (HCVcAg), liver function (Albumin, ALT, AST) and anti-Schistosoma mansoni(anti-Sm) IgG. Group I cases were HCVcAg negative with normal liver function tests, and 44 of them were anti-Sm positive. Ninety cases (93.75%) of group II were HCVcAg positive with markedly affected liver function tests and 72 cases were anti-Sm positive. All group I cases were examined for autoimmune markers (ANA, AMA, SMA and LKM). In group I, 33 (75%) of anti-Sm positive cases were positive for one or more of the autoimmune markers examined, while none of anti-Sm negative was positive for any marker with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Our results primarily on blood donors indicate that LP anti-HCV frequently represents false-positive reactivity with a possible role of Sm-induced autoantibodies in this phenomenon.
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PMID:Prevalence of low positive anti-HCV antibodies in blood donors: Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and possible role of autoantibodies. 1678 16

Patients suffering from Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD) are often diagnosed by spectrum of physical manifestations and laboratories abnormalities. Among biochemical abnormalities De Ritis Ratio (AST/ALT ratio) is more sensitive during any phase of the disease. This ratio is based on common tests of liver function test and can be investigated in any laboratory and is more relevant in countries like Nepal where alcohol abuse is a major cause of liver disease. Clinically diagnosed 103 ALD cases and 73 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. Selected parameters of liver function tests were analyzed by Vitalab Selectra-2 autoanalyser using Merck diagnostic kits and statistically analyzed by student "t" test. The De Ritis ratio was calculated from serum AST and ALT values and was found 2. 30:1 in patients compared to of 1.10:1 in control group. AST and ALT value showed mild to moderate elevation as it was 124.80 +/- 86.24 IU/L and 54.21 +/- 39.72 IU/L in patients compared to 35.00 +/- 23.49 IU/L and 31.48 +/- 17.79 IU/L in controls. The increase in AST and ALT level in patients was statistically significant (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.01) respectively. > or = - Glutamyl Transferase showed 425.26 +/- 36.40 IU in alcoholics compared to 70.55 +/- 27.35 IU/L in controls, a significant increase observed (p<0.001) However Alkaline Phosphatase activity was observed within normal limit. Serum Total Protein (TPR) and Albumin (ALB) showed 6.86 +/- 1.01 g/dl and 2.71 +/- 0.78 g/dl in patients with Albumin: Globulin ratio of 0.61:1 compared to 7.51 +/- 1.74 g/dl and 4.03 +/- 0.61 g/dl in controls with the ration of 1.15:1, a significant decrease in albumin (p < 0.001) without alteration of Total Protein in patients. Total and Direct bilirubin showed 2.32 +/- 1.10 mg/dl and 1.26 +/- 0.88 mg/dl in alcoholics higher than the control of 1.06 +/- 0.60 mg/dl 0.38 +/- 0.31 mg/dl (p<0.001). Diagnosis of ALD is straight forward with history-and compatible clinical features but alcoholic's denial and under estimation of alcohol abuse becomes an obstacle in confirmation. A mild to moderate disproportionate elevation of AST than ALT activity making De Ritis Ratio > 2:1, supported by reversal of Albumin/globulin ratio facilitates the diagnosis.
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PMID:De Ritis ratio as diagnostic marker of alcoholic liver disease. 1682 89

In 36 female weaned piglets, the effect of different dosages (0, 300, 600 and 1200 microg/kg feed) of isolated, pure Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was examined during a period of 8 weeks. Standardised trial conditions were provided. Pigs were fed restrictively to allow a complete feed intake of all animals. Parameters of liver integrity, haematological data and blood concentrations of some selected metabolic components of energy and protein metabolism were examined weekly. Enzyme aspartate aminotransferase was affected subclinically by age and significantly by dosage, which was proved by Wald F-test. Some additional enzymes, for instance alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and sorbit dehydrogenase, showed no clear systematic effect. Urea and glucose in the blood were inter-related. Depending on DON load with increasing glucose concentrations, the urea level declined. Albumin and total protein in serum showed no significant DON-related effect. Haemoglobin in blood was found to be significantly affected by DON, which was proved by the Wald F-test, where the effect was more pronounced with 600 microg DON/kg diet compared to 1 200 microg DON/kg. An obvious DON-related affection of liver, N-metabolism and stimulation of haematopoiesis depending on dosage and time is discussed.
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PMID:Subacute effects of moderate feed loads of isolated Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol on selected parameters of metabolism in weaned growing piglets. 1695

The elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentration in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients has been known for decades, but the individual variation of AFP levels over time has not been studied. We have followed 12 patients (five girls and seven boys) for 1-12 years (mean 5.5 years) measuring in each patient AFP 2-8 (mean 4) times. Serum AFP levels were increased in all patients, mean 168.7 (range 40-373) kU/L, and without significant differences between the patients. There was a significant age related difference in the serum AFP level. A positive linear relationship (r=0.61, p=0.04) could be found between AFP level and age. Albumin levels were within normal range and did not change with age. Four patients had slightly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. None of the patients had serological evidence of infectious hepatitis, and none had increased levels of carcinoembryonic antigen. Repeated standardized observations of gait function revealed no major difference in neurological deterioration between our patients. All had classical A-T disease and mainly truncating mutations; 21 out of 24 possible mutations were either frameshift or nonsense. Four were homozygous for the Norwegian ATM founder mutation. No correlation between serum AFP levels and the different ATM genotypes could be found. We conclude that serum AFP is not only elevated, but also is continuously increasing with age in patients with classical A-T disease.
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PMID:Alpha fetoprotein is increasing with age in ataxia-telangiectasia. 1754 May 90

The field of diagnostic cardiac biomarkers has grown exponentially since the development of an assay for aspartate transaminase activity to diagnose myocardial infarction in 1954. The clinician now has a vast array of clinical tools, which include biomarkers of inflammation, ischaemia and necrosis as well as sensitive imaging technology and coronary anatomy intervention at their disposal when evaluating acute coronary syndromes. Previously the World Health Organisation (1979) defined a myocardial infarction (MI) in the presence of two of the following triad: History of chest pain, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and a rise in cardiac enzymes to twice the upper limit of normal. At this time, creatine kinase and its MB isoenzyme were the preferred biochemical markers. The clinical requirements of early diagnosis, risk stratification and effective treatment have stimulated the development of numerous new and cardiac specific biomarkers (e.g. cardiac troponins). Cardiac troponins are now integral to the diagnosis of MI and have led to the reclassification of MI into either ST elevated MI (STEMI) or non-ST elevated MI (NSTEMI). Subsequent to the release of each new cardiac specific assay there typically follows an array of studies supporting or refuting its efficacy. Many cardiac biomarkers originally proposed with high sensitivity and specificity for ACS are now of questionable clinical value or require the addition of significant caveats once they have been fully evaluated. Indeed, acute exercise often stimulates perturbations in cardiac biomarkers; such as elevations in creatine kinase, cardiac troponins or reductions in Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA). Such an influence of exercise upon commercially available cardiac biomarkers may hamper or distort the viability of such assays in the clinical arena. The purpose of this review is to examine the influence of exercise upon a number of established and novel cardiac biomarkers, including markers of necrosis, inflammation, cardiac function and ischemia. We will also address the clinical relevance of such exercise-induced perturbations.
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PMID:The influence of exercise upon cardiac biomarkers: a practical guide for clinicians and scientists. 1758 54

Non-ceruloplasmin bound copper ('free') seems slightly elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To test the hypothesis of a correlation between 'free' copper and liver function in AD. We evaluated 51 AD patients and 53 controls through typical tests for chronic liver disease (AST, ALT, gamma-GT, Albumin, prothrombin time - PT-, bilirubins), along with copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, cholesterol in the serum and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE4) genotype. Absolute serum copper and 'free' copper were higher, albumin was lower and PT longer in AD patients than in controls. 'Free' copper correlated negatively with markers of liver function, in that albumin and albumin/PT ratio (r = -0.43, p = 0.004), and positively with direct bilirubin. Copper and 'free' copper were higher in the APOE4 carriers. These results suggest that abnormalities in copper metabolism might have an effect on liver function in AD.
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PMID:'Free' copper in serum of Alzheimer's disease patients correlates with markers of liver function. 1764 16

We conducted this study to describe the serum electrophoretic pattern in dogs associated with the infection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The serum protein pattern of 25 dogs with confirmed T. gondii infection and 15 clinically healthy dogs were evaluated using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Albumin, alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, and gamma globulin bands were seen from the serum electrophoresis of infected and healthy dogs. Compared to the control group, significant decreases in the mean percentages of albumin (from 46.1+/-7.2 to 40.8+/-4.5%, P<0.05), alpha-1 globulin (from 3.9+/-0.4 to 0.8+/-0.2%, P<0.001), alpha-2 globulin (from 9.0+/-0.4 to 8.3+/-0.8%, P<0.01), and beta globulin (from 18.4+/-1.2 to 12.1+/-0.6%, P<0.001) in the infected group were determined. In contrast, gamma globulin fraction was significantly higher in infected dogs (38.1+/-4.6%) than in control dogs (22.7+/-7.2%; P<0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were determined between the percentages of the albumin and gamma globulin fractions and liver enzyme tests including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in infected dogs; however, no correlation was observed for the other protein fractions. In conclusion, marked alterations in serum protein pattern associated with strong modifications of serum protein concentrations are in accordance with the hepatic injury as affirmed by liver enzyme tests that were demonstrated in the canine toxoplasmosis. These findings showed that serum protein electrophoresis can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of canine toxoplasmosis as a supplementary analysis in combination with serological, clinical, and laboratory findings of this disease.
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PMID:Serum protein alterations in dogs naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. 1765 89

Plasma biochemical values are routinely used in the medical management of ill reptiles, and for monitoring the health of clinically normal animals. Laboratory tests, including clinical biochemical values, are subject to biological and analytical variation, the magnitude of which determines the utility of population-based reference ranges for the detection of abnormal results in the individual animal. Nested analysis of variance of repeated measurements allows the variance to be broken into within-individual, between-individual, and analytical variation. When the within-individual variation is large and the interindividual variation is low, a sample may be accurately classified as normal or abnormal based on a population-based reference interval. However, if the intraindividual variation is low and the interindividual variation high, population-based reference intervals are of limited value as the ranges for an individual encompass only a part of the conventional reference interval. Between-lizard, within-lizard, and analytical components of variance were assessed by nested analysis of variance for 16 commonly measured plasma biochemical parameters in eight healthy adult Dumeril's monitors (Varanus dumerili). Albumin, cholesterol, phosphate, calcium, sodium, and total protein demonstrated levels of individuality suggesting that comparison of a single measurement to a conventional population-based reference range may be too insensitive to detect small but significant alterations in the value for that animal. Only for potassium and AST did the index of individuality suggest that the use of reference values may be warranted. Uric acid, globulin, glucose, and amylase fell in a gray zone, where population-based ranges should be used with caution. The critical difference indicates the difference between two consecutive analytical results that may be safely ascribed to natural variation. In the present study critical difference varied from 7 and 11%, respectively, for sodium and chloride to 75 and 125% for uric acid and AST.
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PMID:Short-term biological variation of clinical chemical values in Dumeril's monitors (Varanus dumerili). 1767 4


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