Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A subacute toxicity study of pentavalent antimony (Sb) compounds, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) and meglumine antimoniate (MA) was carried out in rats. Three groups of 10 rats each were treated with saline (control group), 300 mg Sb kg-1 d-1 or 900 mg Sb kg-1 d-1 of SSG for 30 d. A parallel study of similar type was conducted for MA. Compared with controls, drug-treated rats showed an impairment of feeding habits and retardation of weight gain (P less than 0.01) during the treatment period. In both SSG- and MA-treated rats there was a dose-related reduction in haemoglobin concentration (P less than 0.001), and hematocrit (P less than 0.001). Red cell count was reduced in SSG-treated rats only. Both drugs, however, significantly raised the white cell count (P less than 0.05). These changes were more pronounced with SSG them with MA. There was no change in MCV, MCH and MCHC. SSG, 900 mg Sb kg-1 d-1, significantly raised AST (P less than 0.005), ALT (P less than 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase activity (P less than 0.01). SSG-treated rats also had raised BUN (P less than 0.01) and creatinine (P less than 0.001), but no significant change in bilirubin levels. MA significantly raised AST (P less than 0.01), ALT (P less than 0.01), BUN (P less than 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (P less than 0.001), but had no appreciable effect on bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. Both SSG and MA decreased blood glucose levels (P less than 0.01) and induced proteinuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subacute toxicity of pentavalent antimony compounds in rats. 135 78

In a comparative study, the differences between the values measured for 26 blood and serum components in both winter and summer were determined in 78 healthy subjects. Comparable conditions during the preparation of test persons, sampling, processing of specimens, and measurement were strictly observed. The term "season" is defined more precisely by meterological data. In the summer season, significantly higher values were found for leukocytes (9%), lactate dehydrogenase and MCHC (7% each), creatinine (7%, in women only), and MCH (1%) whereas significantly lower values were exhibited by aspartate aminotransferase (18%), alanine aminotransferase (14%), alkaline phosphatase (11%), glucose and packed cell volume (7% each), MCV (6%), total protein (2%), erythrocytes, albumin, sodium and chloride (1% each). These partly considerable alterations should be taken into account in the establishment of reference values and evaluation of laboratory findings (above all, when intraindividual comparison is involved). There were no significant alterations of the following parameters: hemoglobin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea, uric acid, creatinine (men only), bilirubin, cholesterol, total glycerol, potassium, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. In another series of experiments involving 32 test persons, the influence of different ambient temperatures during blood sampling on the above mentioned blood components was studied. Within the 18-30 degrees C range, no significant alterations were detected.
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PMID:[Seasonal variation of blood components important for diagnosis (author's transl)]. 744 84

Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the proportions of eight haemoglobin fractions separated by cation exchange liquid chromatography, indices of liver function and various haematological parameters were determined in most of a group of 49 chronic alcoholics who had misused alcohol for at least the preceding 3 months and in 15 healthy non-alcoholic control subjects. The percentages of alcoholics giving abnormally high values for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, CDT levels, GGT activity or CDT levels or both, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were, respectively, 73.0, 71.0, 87.1 and 64.4. The percentages of patients giving abnormally high values for the proportion of HbA1a, proportion of HbA1ach, proportion of HbA1a or HbA1ach or both, MCH, MCV and red cell distribution width (RDW) were, respectively, 46.8, 25.5, 55.3, 55.3, 36.2 and 29.8. Reduced values for the red cell folate concentration, lymphocyte count and platelet count were found in 36.2%, 6.4% and 17.0%, respectively, of the alcoholics. When compared with the control subjects, the group of alcoholics showed statistically significant increases in the mean values for the MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW and statistically significant decreases in the mean values for the haemoglobin distribution width (HDW) and the logarithms of the holo-transcobalamin II concentrations and the platelet count. The logarithms of the CDT values correlated directly with the MCV and MCH and inversely with the logarithms of the lymphocyte or platelet counts and the HDW, suggesting but not proving that the haematological changes in chronic alcoholism may be at least partly related to defective glycosylation of the constituents of developing blood cells or, possibly, of haemopoietic growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Correlations between acetaldehyde-modified haemoglobin, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and haematological abnormalities in chronic alcoholism. 798 79

Calves experimentally infested with Sarcoptes bovis were treated 14 weeks post infectionem with an avermectin pour-on preparation (Ivomec). On day 0 before and 14, 28 and 56 days after treatment mite count, scabies lesion score, histological sections of the skin, blood- (number of erythrocytes, PCV, Haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, number of leukocytes, differential blood picture) and serum parameter (GOT/AST, GGT, GLDH, glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, potassium and chloride) and Sarcoptes specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were determined. 14 days after treatment no mites could be found in skin scrapings and the mange lesions were in recovery stage. 28 days after treatment the skin mostly was macroscopically unchanged. On all examination days in skin biopsies hyperkeratosis, mostly accompanied by epidermal hyperplasia and perivascular infiltration with eosinophil granulocytes and mononuclear cells was observed. The dominance of eosinophil granulocytes in the tissue decreased after treatment, while mononuclear cells increased and dominated in most cases on day 28 over eosinophil granulocytes. The differential blood count in most cases showed elevated lymphocytes on all examination days, increase of neutrophil granulocytes and decrease of eosinophil granulocytes between day 0 and 14. Monocytes on day 28 showed a marked decrease, thereafter on day 56 a marked elevation. Slightly increased serum enzyme activities were seen with GLDH and GOT on day 0 before treatment and with GLDH on day 56 after treatment. The specific antibody titer against Sarcoptes antigen showed decreasing immunoglobulin G titre and increasing immunoglobulin M titre during the investigation.
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PMID:Histology of the skin and determination of blood and serum parameters during the recovery phase of sarcoptic manage in cattle after avermectin (Ivomec) treatment. 868 64

The hematological and serum biochemical values of a total of 18 pregnant female squirrel monkeys were determined during the pre- and postpartum period. Pregnancy was determined by abdominal palpation in adult females cohabiting with robust males. The mean body weight of the pregnant females gradually increased toward parturition and dramatically decreased at parturition due to delivery of the infant monkey. The red blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels diminished toward parturition and then increased to their normal levels by week 6 after delivery. The Wintrobe constant, MCHC, did not fluctuate, but MCH and MCV values increased in late pregnancy and the early nursing periods. The mean white blood cell count varied between 65.8 and 87.3 (x 10(2)/mm3) during the experimental periods. The mean serum total cholesterol concentration and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity were lower in the pregnant group during the mid- and late gestation stage than in nonpregnant and nursing females. The mean serum total protein and albumin values were lower in pregnant females than in the controls. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased in late pregnancy and the nursing periods. Since the pregnant females examined gave birth to healthy newborn monkeys and nursed them normally, the hematological and serum biochemical measurements should represent the physiological values for squirrel monkeys during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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PMID:Hematological and serum biochemical values in pregnant and postpartum females of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). 868 79

Concomitant oral supplementation of Aloe vera, (1, 2 or 5% w[sol ]v in drinking water) during arsenic exposure (0.2 mg[sol ]kg, intraperitoneally, once daily for 3 weeks) was investigated in rats for its protective value. Animals exposed to arsenic (III) showed a significant inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, a marginal decrease in glutathione (GSH) and an increase in zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level in blood. White blood corpuscles (WBC) level decreased while most of the other clinical blood parameters like red blood cells count, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC ratio and platelet number, etc. remained unaltered on arsenic exposure. Hepatic reduced GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level remained unaltered, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level increased significantly while the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and catalase decreased on arsenic exposure. Renal GSH contents decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased significantly on arsenic exposure. Concomitant administration of Aloe vera had remarkable protective action on inhibited blood ALAD activity and restored blood GSH level while most of the other blood biochemical parameters remained unchanged on Aloe vera supplementation. Interestingly, most of hepatic biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress showed protection; no effect of Aloe vera on blood and liver arsenic concentration was noted. Also, no effect of Aloe vera on most of the altered renal biochemical parameters were noticed. The results thus lead us to conclude that simultaneous supplementation of Aloe vera protects against arsenic induced oxidative stress but does not influence the arsenic concentration in these organs.
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PMID:Protective value of Aloe vera against some toxic effects of arsenic in rats. 1579 4

Specific reference intervals are needed for each animal species for appropriate interpretation of hematological and serum biochemical results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the blood composition of growing calves in order to evaluate the need for defining reference values for different age groups. Thirty two Holstein calves (18 male and 14 female) were blood sampled. A blood sample was taken within 24-48 h following birth and at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of age. CBC determination and the measurements of some blood serum metabolites, enzymes, electrolytes and minerals were performed. There were significant age related changes for most hematological and biochemical parameters (p < 0.05) except for the numbers of band neutrophils and monocytes and the amounts of sodium, potassium, chloride and BUN. The results of the present study showed that for some hematological and biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, inorganic phosphorus, serum total protein, globulin, AST and ALP at the first three months of life and also, neutrophil numbers and glucose levels at the 24-48 h of life, the age specific reference values must be considered for precise interpretation of laboratory results.
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PMID:Hematology and serum biochemistry of Holstein dairy calves: age related changes and comparison with blood composition in adults. 1718 15

A total of 302 samples of healthy farm-cultured Rana catesbeiana specimens (9-21 months-old, 50-350 g liveweight, 50% each sex) from the north-east of Argentina, were analyzed through spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, densitometry, refractometry and microscopy in order to obtain blood and urine normal values. Confidence intervals (p<0.05) for PCV (28.6-31.6%), RBC (0.40-0.44 T/L), MCV (686-732 fL), hemoglobin (6.41-7.20 g/dL), MCH (151-164 pg), MCHC (22.6-24.0%), WBC (18.7-22.3 G/L), neutrophils (58.4-63.4%), lymphocytes (23.9-29.8%), monocytes (2.1-3.8%), eosinophils (4.6-7.0%), basophils (2.9-4.1%), bleeding time (289-393s), coagulation time (452-696s), prothrombin time (76-128s), urinary density (1.0061-1.0089 g/mL), urinary pH (6,38-6.96)., fibrinogen (0.59-0.99 g/dL), total protein (4.19-4.49 g/dL), albumin (1.49-1.67 g/dL), alpha-1 globulin (0.20-0.24 g/dL), alpha-2 globulin (0.48-0.54 g/dL), beta globulin (0.68-0.77 g/dL), gamma globulin (1.28-1.42 g/dL), albumin/globulin ratio (0.50-0.58), creatinine (4.09-5.56 mg/L). urea (76.1-92.4 mg/L), uric acid (11.5-15.4 mg/L), triglycerides (0.34-0.52 g/L), total cholesterol (0.56-0.67 g/L), HDL-C (0.03-0.05 g/L), LDL-C (0.34-0.44 g/L), alpha lipoprotein (6.01-8.67%). beta lipoprotein (91.3-93.9%), glucose (0.45-0.54 g/L), Na (116-121 meq/L), K (3.42-3.81 meq/L), Cl (100-116 meq/L), Ca (7.98-8.61 mg/dL). P (8.319.36 mg/dL), Mg (2.26-2.55 mg/dL), Fe (105-178 ug/dL), ALP (144-170 [U/L), ALT (10.0-14.8 IU/L), AST (42.8-53.4 IU/L), GGT (7.8-10.6 IU/L), LDH (99-135 IU/L), CHE (151-185 lU/L) and CPK (365-500 IU/L), were obtained. Some parameter ranges were similar to those obtained in amphibians, birds or mammals; others were very different. These parameters are useful to evaluate sanitary, metabolic and nutritional state on captive bullfrogs.
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PMID:Blood and urine physiological values in farm-cultured Rana catesbeiana (Anura: Ranidae) in Argentina. 1735 63

Montan wax is a mineral wax extracted from lignite type coal. It has been registered as a food additive in Japan though there have been no reports of toxicological evaluation, mainly due to the fact that it is considered a natural product. As part of a general safety assessment of montan wax, we have performed a 90-day toxicity study in Fisher 344 (F344) rats. Groups of 10 males and 10 females were given the material at dose levels of 0 (Group 1), 0.56 (Group 2), 1.67 (Group 3), or 5% (Group 4) in the diet for 90 days. During the experiment, there were no remarkable changes in general conditions and no deaths occurred in any group. On hematological examination, Hb, Ht, MCV and MCH were significantly decreased and WBC was significantly increased in all treated rats. On serum biochemical examination, AST and ALT were found to be elevated more than four fold in all treated groups as compared to the respective control group values in both sexes. Furthermore, relative organ weights for the liver, spleen, lung and kidneys were increased in all treated groups of both sexes. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse multiple granulomas in the livers with severe hepatocyte damage and lymphocytic infiltration. Granulomatous lesions were also apparent in the mesenteric lymph nodes in all treated males and females. These findings clearly demonstrate that montan wax, at doses of more than 0.56% in the diet, induces multiple granulomas with severe inflammation in the liver. Because pathological, hematological and serum biochemical changes were observed in the lowest dose group, a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) could not be determined in the present study.
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PMID:Induction of multiple granulomas in the liver with severe hepatocyte damage by montan wax, a natural food additive, in a 90-day toxicity study in F344 rats. 1795 Sep 73

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of parenteral administration of iron and copper on hematological parameters, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves in the period when iron and copper deficiency could be existed. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to four different treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no injections of Fe and Cu), (2) test 1 (1000 mg Fe as fe-dextran was injected to each calf at day 2 of age), (3) test 2 (160 mg Cu as methionine-copper complex was injected to each calf at day 14 of age), and (4) test 3 (Fe and Cu were injected to each calf as mentioned previously). Blood samples were collected from all of the calves within 24-48 hours after birth and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological parameters and within 24-48 hours after birth and at 14, 21 and 28 days of age for the determination of iron, copper, TIBC concentrations, and AST activity. Anti-coagulated blood was analyzed shortly after collection for: number of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heamatocrit (HCT), total leukocyte count (WBC), Platelet (Plt), MCH, MCV, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts. The amounts of iron, copper, TIBC, and AST were measured in serum. Group had significant effects on the amounts of HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, neutrophil, weekly weight gain, and daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). Sampling time had significant effects on the amounts of RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, fibrinogen, copper, TIBC, AST, weight, weekly gain and, daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, platelet, total protein, fibrinogen, iron, and TIBC (p < 0.05). Improved RBC parameters and MCV were seen in calves of group 4 (test 3) in comparing with control group. Total and daily gains were also significantly improved in test groups in comparing with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen for the days of treatment between groups.
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PMID:Effects of parenteral supply of iron and copper on hematology, weight gain, and health in neonatal dairy calves. 1847 51


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