Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of thyroid antibodies was investigated in 1314 healthy blood donors. Twenty-three of 870 males (2.6%) were positive for thyroglobulin antibody (TA), 34 (3.9%) for thyroid microsomal antibody (MA) and 19 (2.2%) for both TA and MA. Thirty-four of 484 females (6.2%) were positive for TA, 46 (9.5%) for MA and 29 (6.0%) for both TA and MA. Eighty-six of 1314 blood donors were positive for TA and/or MA. There was no difference in liver function tests between AAT and controls. In females, the incidence of thyroid antibodies tended to increase with age. However, the subjects aged under 19 showed another peak of incidence of thyroid antibodies. The values of total T4, T3 and free T4 were not different between 86 subjects with positive thyroid antibodies (asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis, AAT) and 86 sex- and age-matched controls without thyroid antibodies, whereas serum TSH of AAT was significantly higher than that of controls. Nine of 86 (10.5%) subjects with AAT had apparently increased basal TSH level.
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PMID:Thyroid antibodies in healthy blood donors. 653 99

We showed previously that supplementation for 30 d with 800 IU (727 mg) vitamin E/d did not adversely affect healthy elderly persons. We have now assessed the effects of 4 mo of supplementation with 60, 200, or 800 IU (55, 182, or 727 mg) all-rac-alpha-tocopherol/d on general health, nutrient status, liver enzyme function, thyroid hormone concentrations, creatinine concentrations, serum autoantibodies, killing of Candida albicans by neutrophils, and bleeding time in 88 healthy subjects aged >65 y participating in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. No side effects were reported by the subjects. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma total proteins, albumin, glucose, plasma lipids or the lipoprotein profile, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum urea nitrogen, total red blood cells, white blood cells or white blood cell differential counts, platelet number, bleeding time, hemoglobin, hematocrit, thyroid hormones, or urinary or serum creatinine concentrations. Values from all supplemented groups were within normal ranges for older adults and were not significantly different from values in the placebo group. Vitamin E supplementation had no significant effects on plasma concentrations of other antioxidant vitamins and minerals, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, or total homocysteine. There was no significant effect of vitamin E on serum nonspecific immunoglobulin concentrations or anti-DNA and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. The cytotoxic ability of neutrophils against Candida albicans was not compromised. Thus, 4 mo of supplementation with 60-800 IU vitamin E/d had no adverse effects. These results are relevant for determining risk-to-benefit ratios for vitamin E supplementation.
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PMID:Assessment of the safety of supplementation with different amounts of vitamin E in healthy older adults. 970 Nov 88

After total thyroidectomy, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients have to undergo L-T4 withdrawal for measuring serum thyroglobulin and 131I whole-body scan (131I WBS) to evaluate residual/recurrent malignant disease. The aim of the present work was to study in these patients the effects of acute thyroid hormone deficiency on various target organs and tissues. Clinical parameters and thyroid function peripheral markers were evaluated in 20 DTC patients, both before and after L-T4 withdrawal. A 24-h urine collection, a fasting blood sample for laboratory examinations, a clinical score for hypothyroidism and cardiovascular, neurological and neuropsychological evaluations were carried out. After L-T4 withdrawal, the clinical score significantly increased, as well as total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, whereas SHBG, osteocalcin and urine hydroxyproline levels significantly decreased. The acute thyroid hormone deficiency caused a systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle associated with an increase in systemic vascular resistance without cardiac contractility alterations. A significant increase in the left ventricular mass and thickness was also observed. Carpal tunnel syndrome appeared in 30% of patients and a significant reduction in the immediate auditive memorization and in attentive performance was also detected. These observations indicate that acute hypothyroidism causes significant clinical alterations of peripheral tissue function. In the follow-up of DTC patients, therefore, L-T4 withdrawal procedure should be restricted to cases where the cost/benefit ratio is favorable. Alternative procedures, such as the use of recombinant human TSH, should be used whenever possible.
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PMID:Acute changes in clinical parameters and thyroid function peripheral markers following L-T4 withdrawal in patients totally thyroidectomized for thyroid cancer. 1655 31

Cancers and hepatoprotective prevention using traditional medicines have attracted increasing interest. The aim of our study was to characterize the putative protective effects of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Peganum harmala on thiourea-induced diseases in adult male rat. We seek to determine the effects of these plant extracts on body weight, thyroid and endocrine cancer parameters. In addition the putative hepatoprotective effect was checked by the determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and the bilirubin level in the blood. Our data show that ethanol and chloroform extracts of Peganum harmala protected the animal against the carcinogenic effects induced by thiourea since neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and thyroglobulin (TG) levels were back to the normal range. In addition, the observed-hepatocytotoxicity after thiourea treatment was greatly reduced (AST and ALT activities were respectively 270 IU/l and 60 IU/l and in the same order of magnitude as in the untreated rats) as well as the bilirubin levels (6 micromol/l) especially for animals receiving the choroform preparation. Therefore we may suggest that extracts of Peganum harmala are efficient to reduce the toxicity induced by thiourea in male rat as far as the above parameters are concerned.
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PMID:Protective effects of Peganum harmala extracts on thiourea-induced diseases in adult male rat. 1883 35

Diffuse hepatic uptake of I-131 either on diagnostic or post-therapeutic scans is a usual finding in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of diffuse hepatic uptake of radioiodine on post-therapeutic (PT) and postablative (PA) whole-body scans.A total of 720 PA and 172 PT I-131 scans in a total of 732 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Residual thyroid tissue and diffuse liver uptake of I-131 were classified from 0 to 4. The correlation between the liver and thyroid remnant uptake score, dose of radioiodine, serum thyroglobuline (Tg), liver function test levels (ALT, AST), liver ultrasonography, presence of metastatic foci, and recurrent disease were examined.Diffuse hepatic uptake was observed in 701 of 722 (94.2%) PA and 162 of 172 (97%) PT whole body I-131 scans. Hepatic radioiodine uptake was positively correlated with the dose of administered I-131 and increased levels of serum AST and ALT. Liver uptake scores of patients with hepatosteatosis were significantly higher than all study groups. However, no evidence of a relationship between diffuse visualization of liver and serum thyroglobulin levels, uptake score of thyroid remnants, presence of local or distant metastatic foci on I-131 scan, and recurrence rate could be demonstrated.The lack of correlation between hepatic radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake and Tg levels, functioning metastatic tissue or thyroid remnants suggests that this finding may be related to factors other than thyroid tissue. The positive correlation between administered RAI dose, hepatic enzymes and hepatosteatosis support the conclusion that diffuse hepatic RAI uptake may be related to different mechanisms as well.
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PMID:Clinical implications of diffuse hepatic uptake observed in postablative and post-therapeutic I-131 scans. 1909 74

Background: Autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto thyroiditis; HT) is the most common postnatal thyroid disease. Clinical manifestations of HT vary according to disease severity. Due to the pleiotropic effects of thyroid hormone, less common signs and symptoms of HT can occur, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Case presentation: A 9-year-old girl of Indian origin was admitted for a one-week history of widespread myalgia, fatigue, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and a significant increase in weight (approximately 2 kg) without any changes in daily habits. The only relevant medical history was several intermittent vaginal bleeding episodes since four years of age. Breast development was consistent with Tanner stage 2 without pubic or axillary hair; while height and weight were at the 10th percentile and the 38th percentile; respectively. Bone age from a left wrist X-ray was delayed 1 year. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed a uterine body/neck ratio of >1 (pubertal stage) and multifollicular ovaries. Her external genitalia had a childlike appearance. Laboratory examinations showed an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone, decreased free thyroxine, and positive anti-thyroglobulin antibody titres, as well as elevation of creatine phosphokinase, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, hypercholesterolemia, and a basal serum prolactin near the upper limit of normal. Follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol were slightly and significantly elevated, respectively. Thyroid ultrasound showed an increased gland size with irregular echostructures and high vascularization. Levothyroxine replacement therapy led to complete normalization of clinical and laboratory findings, including rhabdomyolysis indices. No further vaginal bleeding episodes were reported. Conclusion: This case report highlights how various can be the clinical picture of HT in children, and how rare clinical manifestations can be the only signs of disease at presentation leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. In this girl, a never-described association of Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome and acute rhabdomyolysis in a young girl with previously unrecognized HT is described. The importance of recognizing the signs and symptoms of rare complications of HT in order to begin appropriate therapy is stressed.
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PMID:Rhabdomyolysis in a Young Girl with Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome due to Severe Hashimoto Thyroiditis. 2964 33