Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a regular oral diet supplying 167 kJ/kg per d (40 kcal/kg per d) on nutritional state, liver function and serum lipid profile was assessed in thirty severely malnourished alcoholic cirrhotic inpatients. Their diet was monitored by a trained dietitian and they were vigorously encouraged to eat all meals served. One month after their entry into the study, protein and energy intakes were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in keeping with an improvement of their nutritional status as evaluated by means of height-creatinine index, muscular mid-arm circumference, tricipital skinfold thickness (P < 0.01 for all) and fat mass (P < 0.001). Assessment of liver function tests showed that levels of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), gamma-glutamyl transferase (EC 2.3.2.2) and bilirubin decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.02 and P < 0.05 respectively) while prothrombin time values increased (P < 0.05). Similarly, serum albumin increased modestly while transthyretin did not change. Orosomucoid and C-reactive protein decreased (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 respectively), indicating an improvement of the inflammatory state. Apolipoprotein A1 and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol correlated with several tests of liver function and improved significantly during the study period (P < 0.001 and P < 0.02 respectively). Moreover, changes in cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol correlated with those in transthyretin (P < 0.02 and P < 0.05 respectively). The changes in ApoA1 and HDL-cholesterol were greater in patients whose fat mass increased significantly. Our findings show that adequate oral nutrition resulted in a better nutritional status in cirrhotics after 1 month of hospitalization. The serum lipid variables appeared to be more useful indicators of functional liver improvement than the classic liver function tests which rather indicate liver damage.
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PMID:One-month regular oral nutrition in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Changes of nutritional status, hepatic function and serum lipid pattern. 782 13

The major causes of liver graft failure are acute rejection, technical failure, and primary nonfunction (PNF). This study was undertaken to determine whether delayed return of neuromuscular function correlates with allograft primary dysfunction in humans given vecuronium. Twenty-two adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were given an initial dose of vecuronium, 0.1 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.). All patients recovered from vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block prior to explantation. No additional neuromuscular blocker was given until the liver graft was implanted and reperfused. Fifteen minutes after reperfusion another 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium was given IV and recovery time from attaining complete neuromuscular block to return of the fourth twitch of a train-of-four was recorded. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative liver function. Group I consisted of 17 patients with immediate normal liver graft function. Group II consisted of four patients with primary dysfunction (PDF) [peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 2000 U/L, prothrombin time > 16 s, and poor quality and quantity of bile within 3 days postoperatively] which eventually recovered normal function. Group III consisted of one patient with PNF (uncorrectable coagulopathy, severe metabolic acidosis, rising AST and ALT, and minimal or no bile output), whose graft never recovered. Recovery time in Groups II and III was prolonged compared to Group I (P < 0.05). Recovery time in Group III was prolonged compared to Group II (P < 0.05). A test based on these results using a recovery time of > 135 min as a predictor of PDF has a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 76%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Duration of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block as a predictor of liver allograft dysfunction. 786 19

The preliminary results of a prospective double-blind controlled trial of colchicine in 100 patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis are reported. The patients, 94 males and 6 females, aged 32-80, were assigned to receive either 1 mg of colchicine or an identical placebo orally on a daily basis. The duration of the follow up ranged from 15 to 51 months (median 26 months). Seventy percent had histological proof of cirrhosis. On entry, 80 patients were in Child-Pugh class A, 19 were in class B, and one was in class C. Compared to the placebo group, there was no improvement in the colchicine group after a 24-month follow up in any of the biochemistry data, for example, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and prothrombin time. The difference in the cumulative survival rates at 51 months did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.8) in either group. There was no histological improvement in 30 patients who were willing to undergo repeated liver biopsies. No trend toward improvement of the hepatic pressure gradient was observed in these patients. The serum levels of aminopropeptide of type III procollagen increased significantly in patients in both groups after 24 months of therapy (1.07 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.06 U/ml in the colchicine group, 0.93 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.07 U/ml in the placebo group; p < 0.05). In addition, neither the clinical deterioration of cirrhosis nor death was prevented in patients receiving colchicine therapy. This report indicates that colchicine has no effect in the treatment of HBV-related postnecrotic cirrhosis.
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PMID:A double-blind randomized controlled trial of colchicine in patients with hepatitis B virus-related postnecrotic cirrhosis. 789 Sep 5

The allowable imprecision for laboratory tests has been estimated from criteria based on clinical and analytical test outcome. The analytical outcome criteria studied are the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) criteria for proficiency testing. The clinical outcome criteria are estimates of medically significant changes in test results taken from a study in the literature. The estimates of allowable imprecision were obtained from quality-planning models that relate test outcome criteria to the allowable amount of imprecision and inaccuracy and to the quality control that is necessary to assure achievement of the desired outcome criteria in routine operation. These operating specifications for imprecision are consistently more demanding (require lower CVs) than the medically useful CVs originally recommended in the literature because the latter do not properly consider within-subject biological variation. In comparing estimates of allowable imprecision, the CLIA outcome criteria are more demanding than the clinical outcome criteria for aspartate aminotransferase (asymptomatic patients), cholesterol, creatinine (asymptomatic patients), glucose, thyroxine, total protein, urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and prothrombin time. The clinical outcome criteria are more demanding for bilirubin (acute illness), iron, potassium, urea nitrogen (acute illness), and leukocyte count. The estimates of allowable imprecision from analytical and clinical outcome criteria overlap for aspartate aminotransferase (acute illness), bilirubin (asymptomatic patients), calcium, creatinine (acute illness), sodium, triglyceride, and hemoglobin.
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PMID:Allowable imprecision for laboratory tests based on clinical and analytical test outcome criteria. 792 63

Factors predictive of the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C remain to be identified. In this study, we investigated factors predictive of the short-term response, defined as a return to normal alanine aminotransferase activity after treatment, and the long-term response defined as normal alanine aminotransferase activity 1 year after completing treatment, in 75 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus treated with recombinant alpha interferon (either 6 MU x 3/week for 3 months then 3 MU x 3/week for 3 months (n = 27) or 3 MU x 3/week for 6 months (n = 48)). At the end of treatment, 42 patients (56%) had normal alanine aminotransferase activity ("responders") and 33 (44%) had high alanine aminotransferase activity ("non-responders"). Twenty (48%) of the 42 responders had normal alanine aminotransferase activity 1 year after treatment ("sustained responders"), while 22 (52%) had high alanine aminotransferase activity ("transient responders"). The dosage of interferon was not predictive of the short-term and the long-term response to treatment. The responders differed significantly from the non-responders in terms of age, i.v. drug abuse, aspartate aminotransferase, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities, bilirubinemia, serum bile acid concentrations, prothrombin time, platelet count, ferritinemia, hyaluronic acid levels, positivity for the antibody to 5.1.1 of the recombinant immunoblot assay band and the histological fibrosis score. The following parameters were independently correlated with the short-term response in a multivariate analysis: gammaglutamyltranspeptidase activity, serum bile acid concentrations and positivity for the antibody to 5.1.1 of the recombinant immunoblot assay band.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Factors predictive of the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. 796 8

For the assessment of graft viability, serum hyaluronic acid (HA) levels during porcine orthotopic liver transplantation were measured in two groups: group 1 (viable: n = 5) in which allografts were transplanted following a minimal cold (4 degrees C) preservation, and group 2 (nonviable: n = 4) in which allografts were transplanted after cold static storage (4 degrees C) for 24 h in University of Wisconsin solution. The changes in the HA levels reached a significant difference between the two groups at 30 min after reperfusion (P < 0.02). In group 1, all animals survived for over 4 days, while all animals in group 2 died within 24 h. The serum HA also demonstrated a significant correlation with prothrombin time, beta-glucuronidase, and aspartate aminotransferase at 120 min after reperfusion. These results suggest that the measurement of serum HA is a potentially effective index for evaluating hepatic allograft viability.
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PMID:Serum hyaluronic acid for the assessment of graft viability in porcine liver transplantation. 798 43

Forty-six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis from a single centre were studied in a randomized placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) over a 2 year period. The two groups were well-matched at baseline. For each parameter, by calculating the difference between the median changes with time between the UDCA group and the placebo group, it was found that from entry, with respect to placebo, there were differences between median changes (MCD) favouring the UDCA group in bilirubin (MCD 5 mumol/L [95% confidence interval (CI) 1 to 12] at 1 year and 5 mumol/L (95% CI 1 to 9) at 2 years), alkaline phosphatase MCD 242 iu/L (95% CI 107 to 360) at 1 year and 268 iu/L (95% CI 146 to 424) at 2 years and aspartate aminotransferase MCD 26 iu/L (95% CI 12 to 41) at 1 year and 37 iu/L (95% CI 16 to 64) at 2 years. Within the UDCA group, there was long-term fall in alkaline phosphatase [median fall 116 iu/L (95% CI 93 to 378) at 2 years and aspartate aminotransferase [median fall 18 iu/L (95% CI 6 to 47) at 2 years; however, the major change in bilirubin was a modest rise over 2 years in the placebo group [median rise 2 mumol/L (95% CI 1 to 9)]. Changes in albumin, prothrombin ratio and immunoglobulins were generally minor and not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A two year controlled trial examining the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis. 800 50

Acute hepatic failure was induced in 50 male rabbits by D-galactosamine HCl (1 g per kg bw), and the effects of prostaglandin E1 on this model were investigated. Twelve hours after the administration of D-galactosamine HCl, a continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 or 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) was started. Ten animals in each group were observed until the time of death and mean survival times were compared between the groups. Five animals in each group were used for the determination of regional blood flows and brain water content. After the injections of D-galactosamine HCl, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity rose markedly and prothrombin time was prolonged. The administration of prostaglandin E1 did not affect these levels. However, the survival time in the prostaglandin E1 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 group (48.2 +/- 10.4 h) was significantly longer (p < 0.005, p < 0.01) than those in the untreated group (24.9 +/- 5.0 h) and the prostaglandin E1 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 group (28.1 +/- 5.8 h). Prostaglandin E1 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 inhibited elevations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and significantly inhibited the decrease of urine volume and urinary sodium excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of prostaglandin E1 on experimental acute hepatic failure in rabbits: prostaglandin E1 prevents the development of multiple-organ failure. 805 85

Recent advances in the medical and surgical treatment of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis have made it increasingly important to develop noninvasive tests of liver function. Our study has evaluated the hepatic conversion of lidocaine to its primary metabolite monoethylglycinexylodide and compared this with liver histological findings in 225 patients with chronic hepatitis (161 with hepatitis C, 23 with hepatitis B, 21 with autoimmune hepatitis and 20 with cryptogenic hepatitis). One hundred seven (47.7%) patients had cirrhosis at the time of evaluation. A decline in monoethylglycinexylodide production was observed with worsening liver histological conditions from a mean of 81.5 +/- 7.0 ng/ml in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis to 61.2 +/- 5.5 ng/ml for chronic active hepatitis and 20.9 +/- 1.5 ng/ml in patients with cirrhosis (p < 0.05). A further stepwise decline in monoethylglycine xylodide production was observed with worsening Child class: from 25.5 +/- 2.2 ng/ml for class A patients to 8.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml for patients with Child class C disease (p < 0.05). All patients with monoethylglycinexylodide production less than 20 ng/ml had cirrhosis confirmed on histological examination. In contrast, no relationship was observed between liver histological status and serum transaminases (AST or ALT), bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time. Thirty-five patients underwent repeat histological evaluation and monoethylglycinexylodide testing after receiving at least 6 mo treatment for chronic hepatitis (interferon for hepatitis B and C and corticosteroids for autoimmune hepatitis). The change in monoethylglycinexylodide production observed in these patients was a linear function of the change in Knodell histological index (r = 0.73, p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatic lidocaine metabolism and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. 776 26

Brainstem death is associated with endocrine and metabolic alterations that can result in donor hemodynamic instability. It has been suggested that these changes can be reversed through hormonal manipulation of the donor. We measured thyroid hormone levels (free triiodothyronine [fT3], free tetraiodothyronine [fT4], reverse triiodothyronine) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 50 consecutive adult brain dead multiorgan donors. Recipient graft function was assessed using peak and day 5 aspartate aminotransferase, peak serum bilirubin, and minimum prothrombin time during the first week after OLT. Free T3 was low in 32/50 donors and was associated with a low fT4 in 24 cases. TSH was normal in 35 donors and we found no correlation between TSH levels and fT3 or fT4. Reverse triiodothyronine was normal or high in 96% of donors. Patient and graft survival were 96% for both the low and high fT3 groups. These data suggest that euthyroid sick syndrome is the most likely cause for the endocrine and metabolic alterations seen in brainstem-dead donors. This does not appear to influence liver recipient or graft survival.
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PMID:Donor thyroid function does not affect outcome in orthotopic liver transplantation. 814 Jun 30


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