Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared liver and renal function after volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane and minimal dose sufentanil versus total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with moderate dose of midazolam and sufentanil in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Eighty nine patients were studied retrospectively after VIMA (44 patients) or after TIVA (45 patients). Liver and renal function were measured before (T0), then 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 5 (T3) days and 6 weeks (T4) after the operation. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in both groups at T1, T2 and T3 and the highest levels were at T1. Levels of total bilirubin (TBil) increased at T1 only in the TIVA group. Levels of g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), increased in both groups at T3. Serum levels of creatinine (Cr) were high in both groups on T1 and T2. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was high in both group at T2, and T3 with the peak levels in T2. Six weeks after the operation all liver and renal functions were normal in both groups. We concluded that VIMA with sevoflurane during cardiac surgery has no untoward effects on liver or renal functions. The transient reversible elevation was comparable in the VIMA and TIVA groups which was most probably due to the effect of the operation itself.
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PMID:Liver and renal function after volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane versus TIVA with sufentanil-midazolam for CABG surgery. 1173 84

In order to investigate whether there would be any association between abnormalities of either reg1 alpha or reg1 beta gene and diabetes mellitus in man, these two genes were analyzed in 42 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 12 with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy, 37 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 22 normal controls, by PCR-SSCP analysis and nucleotide sequencing technique. Polymorphism in the reg1 alpha gene resulted in three mobility patterns in the PCR-SSCP analysis, due to nucleotide constituents at position -10 before exon 1 being either C/C, T/C or T/T. These three mobility patterns were observed in every group of subjects. The analysis of reg1 beta gene showed nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 in one patient, exon 5 in another patient with type 1 diabetes, and in exon 4 and intron 5 in one patient with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy. The nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 in the patient with type 1 diabetes and that with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy occurred at codons 103 and 84 while that in exon 5 in the patient with type 1 diabetes occurred at codon 141, changing the codons from CAT to CAC, GTG to GCG, and ACT to AAT and resulting in H103H silent, V84A and T141N missense mutations, respectively. In conclusion, using PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequence analyses, we did not find any association between abnormalities of either reg1 alpha or reg1 beta gene with any type of diabetes studied.
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PMID:No abnormalities of reg1 alpha and reg1 beta gene associated with diabetes mellitus. 1179 76

The radioprotective effect of silymarin using different modes of treatment against radiation (3 or 6 Gy) induced hepatotoxicity 1, 3 and 7 days post-irradiation was studied. Whole-body gamma-irradiation revealed an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity as well as liver glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities on the first post-exposure day with respect to the control value. However, 3 days after radiation exposure, these parameters showed a significant decrease below the control level which persisted till the end of the experimental time except for serum AP activity that showed another increase on the seventh post-exposure day at 3 Gy dose of radiation. A gradual increase in serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT&AST) as well as gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities were observed due to irradiation throughout the experimental time. Administration of silymarin as single (70 mg kg (-1)), fractionated (490 mg kg (-1)) oral doses or as intravenous (i.v.) injection (50 mg kg (-1)), caused significant protection. Intravenous treatment showed the most pronounced protection. The protective effect of silymarin was attributed to its antioxidant and free radicals scavenging properties.
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PMID:Radioprotective effect of silymarin against radiation induced hepatotoxicity. 1216 44

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in renal-transplant (RT) recipients with alpha-interferon is associated with a high rate of acute rejection. We therefore evaluated the biochemical, virological, histological efficacies, as well as the safety of one year ribavirin monotherapy in 16 HCV-(+) RNA (+) RT patients (group A) matched to 32 HCV-(+) RNA (+) RT patients (group B) who did not receive ribavirin. Ribavirin was initially started at a daily dose of 1000 mg and then adapted to hemoglobin level. Ribavirin monotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in AST, ALT and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Serum creatinine decreased as well. When proteinuria was present (n = 5), this decreased or disappeared. There was no significant changes in HCV viremia. The histological analysis of liver biopsies revealed a significant progression in liver fibrosis with no improvement in inflammation scores. There was a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels, despite an important support by recombinant erythropoeitin. However, in three cases, ribavirin therapy had to be stopped. In group B, after 1 year of follow up, there was a significant increase in serum ALT and creatinine values. Proteinuria decreased in only 2 of 12 patients. In conclusion, one year ribavirin therapy in HCV-(+) RNA (+)ve RT has no impact upon liver histology, although it improves liver enzyme levels. It impact upon renal function remains unknown. Nevertheless when proteinuria is present it disappears.
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PMID:[Is there a place for ribavirin in the treatment for renal transplant patients infected by hepatitis C virus?]. 1272 14

Transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) is a new DNA virus found in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis. The prevalence of this virus among dental patients has not been reported, therefore, the prevalence of TTV infection in consecutive dental inpatients was evaluated. TTV DNA was assayed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 441 dental inpatients with oral cancer (n=192) or oral cysts (n=249). The serum HBs antigen and HCV antibody as well as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) concentrations were also measured. Of 441 subjects, 137 were infected with TTV (31.1%). This prevalence of TTV was much higher than that of HBV or HCV (HBV 1.2%; HCV 6.0%) in these dental patients. There was no gender or age difference in the prevalence of TTV infection. Of the 192 patients with oral cancer, 57 subjects had TTV in their sera, while 80 of 249 with oral cystic disease had TTV. The prevalence of TTV was similar between the two different disease groups. Neither the serum ALT nor serum AST concentrations were different between the subjects positive and negative for TTV DNA. In hospitalized dental patients, 31.1% were infected with TTV. The prevalence of TTV was much higher than that of HBV or HCV. There was no difference in the prevalence of TTV between subjects with cancer and cysts. Dentists should maintain high standards of infection control when treating any dental patient.
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PMID:Transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) in dental patients. 1272 80

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is a staple food of some sections of people of North India. Consumption of Kodo millet is often found to cause intoxication and poisoning. The grains are frequently infested with Aspergillus tamarii Kita, which produced substantial amount of a mycotoxin, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Investigations were carried out to evaluate the hepatotoxic/preneoplastic changes in rat liver following single and multiple dose administration of CPA. Results showed a marked increase in the activity of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) following CPA exposures, suggesting acute hepatotoxicity. Significant increase was also observed in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity following CPA exposures, indicating preneoplastic changes in the liver. The results reveal that Kodo poisoning might cause acute hepatotoxicity in men and animals. The findings thus suggest that the consumption of contaminated Kodo millet is a serious health hazard due to exposure to CPA produced by Aspergillus tamarii associated with the millet.
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PMID:Potential risk of acute hepatotoxicity of kodo poisoning due to exposure to cyclopiazonic acid. 1286 Mar 10

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the in vitro cytotoxicity of cypermethrin (CM), and on glutathione (GSH) metabolism in rat hepatocytes. In vitro cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) leakage were measured, as indicators of hepatic damage, at 1, 15 and 30 min of exposure to CM. Glutathione and the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were also measured. CM hepatotoxicity increased in a time and dose-dependent manner. In the presence of 30 microM CM, ALT and AST also increased 49 and 130% (P < 0.05), respectively, indicating metabolic hepatocyte damage. AA (1 mM) was capable to preserve 100% of cell integrity and modulated ALT and AST. Furthermore, CM induced a 27% reduction in the endogenous antioxidant GSH, and increased 203% GST and 283% gamma-GT (P < 0.05), indicating an oxidative insult. The presence of AA showed chemopreventive capacity against CM, recovering 60% of GSH and a 54% decrease in gamma-GT activity. These results suggest that AA in a 1:33 (CM:AA) ratio can modulate up to 90% of the damage caused to the cells by CM. It also demonstrates that AA can act as a primary antioxidant and hepatoprotector in rat hepatocytes.
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PMID:Vitamin C protects against in vitro cytotoxicity of cypermethrin in rat hepatocytes. 1463 57

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.
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PMID:Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age. 1516 34

The change from measuring enzyme catalytic activity concentrations from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C in the German Federal Republic has led to the need for new reference ranges for defined patient groups and for healthy individuals. Up to now, these are only present as tentative values and are incomplete, especially for children. This article describes a method for deriving reference ranges from results obtained from measurement at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C and the use of percentiles to establish values for 37 degrees C. A total of 1,111,378 data from 507,305 patients were used to establish reference ranges for the following 11 enzymes at 37 degrees C using the test kits from Roche Diagnostics measured on the Modular analyser: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase - MB subunit, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase - isoenzyme 1. The computed reference ranges from the data used gave rise to reference ranges, some of which were in agreement with the data from the producer, some of which, however, showed deviations from the values given by the producer. Ranges for newborns, children and adolescents could be computed with the prerequisite that ranges for 25 degrees C were available and that these had been established and validated. This method of establishing reference ranges for catalytic enzyme activities can be used for all producers, providing the number of data used is sufficient to allow for valid statistical analysis.
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PMID:Establishment of reference intervals for enzyme catalytic activity concentration measurements at 37 degrees C--a practical approach. 1533 May 15

Anti-hepatotoxic activity of methanol extract of Coscinium fenestratum stem (MEC) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy in rats. Hepatotoxic rats were treated with MEC for a period of 90 days (60mg/kg body weight, daily, orally by intubation). Anti-hepatotoxic effect was studied by assaying the activities of serum marker enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. and glucose (6) phosphate dehydrogenase in liver. We also estimated the concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum, liver and kidney. The activities of all the marker enzymes registered a significant elevation in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in animals co-administered with MEC. Other biochemical changes induced by carbon tetrachloride too showed reliable signs of retrieving towards the normalcy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biochemical investigations. This study unravels the anti-hepatotoxic activity of MEC.
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PMID:Effect of Coscinium fenestratum on hepatotoxicity in rats. 1557 29


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