Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six naturally occurring but rare alleles of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpdh) in Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated in this study. They all belong to a class of GpdhUF (ultra-fast) alleles, because their electrophoretic mobilities are faster than that of the GpdhF (fast) allele. The GpdhUF variants are widespread, and have been reported from five continents. DNA sequence analysis has shown that the change in electrophoretic mobility was in each allele caused by a single amino acid residue substitution in the encoded protein. In the XiamenUF allele it is a substitution of lysine (AAA) to asparagine (AAT) in exon 1 (residue 3). An asparagine (AAT) to aspartate (GAT) change was found in exon 6 (residue 336) in the IowaUF and NetherlandsUF alleles. The mobility of the RaleighUF allele was altered by a valine (GTG) to glutamate (GAG) substitution in exon 3 (residue 76). Two mutations were detected in the BrazzavilleUF allele: a lysine (AAG) to methionine (ATG) substitution in exon 2 (residue 68) is responsible for the ultra-fast phenotype of this variant, while a tyrosine (TAT) to phenylalanine (TTT) substitution in exon 4 (residue 244) is not expected to alter the electrophoretic mobility of the encoded protein. These results indicate that the GpdhUF alleles originate from different mutational events, and only two of them--IowaUF and NetherlandsUF--might share a common ancestry. The GPDH activity of the IowaUF allele is intermediate between those of the GpdhS and GpdhF control stocks. The other GpdhUF variants have lower activities than the controls: XiamenUF--83%, RaleighUF--80% and BrazzavilleUF--73% of the GpdhF control.
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PMID:Molecular structure of rare but geographically widespread sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 'ultra-fast' electrophoretic alleles in Drosophila melanogaster. 890 Nov 36

Reference values of some hematologic and plasma chemical parameters were established in two species of clinically normal Cercopithecidae. The following variables were studied in seven mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) and nine white-crowned mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus lunulatus): hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total serum proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin-globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, total phosphorus, chloride, and serum osmolality. Few differences were observed when compared with human hematological data and with other species of Cercopithecidae Primates.
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PMID:Hematology and serum chemistry in the white-crowned mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus lunulatus) and in the mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). 890 7

Interferon (IFN) therapy is of proven efficacy in chronic hepatitis C, but it is not universally effective and is often limited by side effects. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether CsA therapy could affect aminotransferase activity and hepatitis C virus RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cyclosporine A was administered to 10 patients (mean age of 59 years; male:female = 9:1) who did not respond to IFN therapy previously and who had elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values for at least 6 months. All patients were positive for HCV-RNA by RT-PCR with genotype 1b. Their mean duration of hepatitis was 15 years. Oral CsA was given for 3 months in a dose that was increased at 1 month intervals from 1.5-2.0 to 2.0-3.0 and 3.0-4.0 mg/kg per day. All patients completed the treatment schedule, although two patients developed mild non-symptomatic hypertension. Serum ALT levels gradually decreased in all but one patient. The mean percentage decrease was 59.5% at the end of therapy (from 153 +/- 82 to 62 +/- 48 IU/L; P < 0.02). The ALT levels fell to the normal range in five patients, although once therapy was discontinued the enzyme levels tended to return to pretreatment levels. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and g-glutamyl transpeptidase levels similarly decreased. The serum HCV-RNA titre, determined by competitive RT-PCR, did not change in any patient throughout the study period. There were no appreciable alterations in other laboratory tests, such as serum creatinine levels and lymphocyte subsets, except for an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels. These findings suggest that CsA, even in a relatively low dose, reduces serum aminotransferase levels without serious side effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C, although an antiviral effect was not noted.
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PMID:Cyclosporine therapy affects aminotransferase activity but not hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C. 907 26

From 1984 through 1992, staff at The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC, Sausalito, California, USA) examined 207 northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) with a condition of unknown etiology called northern elephant seal skin disease (NESSD). The skin lesions were characterized by patchy to extensive alopecia and hyperpigmentation, punctate or coalescing epidermal ulceration, and occasionally, massive skin necrosis. Microscopic lesions included ulcerative dermatitis with hyperkeratosis, squamous metaplasia and atrophy of sebaceous glands. All diseased seals were less than 2 years of age and suffered from emaciation, depression, and dehydration. Mortality from septicemia increased significantly with severity of skin ulceration. Compared to 14 apparently unaffected seals, diseased seals had depressed levels of circulating thyroxine, triiodothyronine, retinol, serum iron, albumin, calcium, and cholesterol. Levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid were elevated. Morphometrically, diseased animals were approximately 15% smaller than normal seals of the same sage. Serum and blubber concentrations of 36 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (sigma PCB) and dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) were negatively correlated with body mass. Mean concentrations of sigma PCB and p,p'-DDE in serum in diseased seals were elevated as compared to apparently normal seals. Etiology of this syndrome remains unknown, but the possibility of PCB toxicosis cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological characterization of northern elephant seal skin disease. 924 88

The aetiology, biochemistry, clinical features and complications of histologically confirmed hepatic cirrhosis in 45 patients (26 females, 19 males) seen at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica, between 1984 and 1994 are presented. The age range was 1 to 72 years (mean 48 years). Abdominal swelling and weight loss were the commonest symptoms, occurring in 51% and 47% of patients, respectively. Jaundice was a presenting feature in 44%. Hepatomegaly was present in 71% of patients and splenomegaly in 33%. The aetiological factors were: alcohol (36%), bush tea (18%), chronic active hepatitis (11%), drugs (7%), and haemochromatosis (2%). Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 2 of 20 patients tested. 24% of the patients also had diabetes mellitus., 29% were anaemic, 29% were thrombocytopenic, 4% were leukopenic, and the prothrombin time was prolonged in 22%. The albumin/globulin ratio was reversed in 71% of the patients. The alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 56%, the aspartate aminotransferase was increased in 58% and the gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in 56%. 56% of the patients had macronodular cirrhosis; the liver showed a micronodular pattern in 18%; 7% had biliary cirrhosis; 7% chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis; and 13% showed a mixed macro-micronodular pattern. Ascites and fluid overload developed in 44% of the patients. Hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 18% and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 18%.
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PMID:Hepatic cirrhosis in Jamaica. 926 May 37

Little is known about the presence of common medical pathogens in the human oral cavity. Using a 16S rRNA-based PCR identification method, this study determined the occurrence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in subgingival plaque from 50 adults with advanced periodontitis. Each patient contributed samples from 3 deep periodontal pockets collected by paper points. The PCR primers were for P. asaccharolytica 5'-CTC TAG CTA GAG TGT ACT GG-3' and 5'-ATA GGG TTT ATA GAT TAG CTC TCT-3', for B. fragilis 5'-AAT GAT TCC GCA TGG TTT CAT TA-3' and 5'-GCG GTG ATT GCT CAC TGA CA-3', and for C. pneumoniae 5'- TGA CAA CTG TAG AAA TAC AGC-3' and 5'-CGC CTC TCT CCT ATA AAT-3'. The primers yielded a single amplicon with the respective reference strains and produced no amplicon with colonies of 25 groups of oral organisms. None of the three test species were detected in any of the 50 pooled subgingival samples tested. P. asaccharyolytica, B. fragilis and C. pneumoniae do not seem to be part of the periodontopathic microbiota in humans.
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PMID:Absence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in human subgingival plaque. 957 14

Severe hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis leading to early liver failure has been reported only exceptionally. Of 259 HCV-infected renal transplant (RT) patients in one hospital unit, four (1.5%) are described, representing the first series of this particular post-RT disease. Patient mean age was 55.7 yr. Three were men. All had pretransplant, hepatitis B surface antigen-negative and were anti-HCV antibodies positive. Three of them showed pretransplant mild liver enzyme abnormalities, and all received kidneys from HCV-negative donors. All were on steroids, cyclosporine, and azathioprine (AZA). The clinical pattern appeared early after RT (mean, 11.5 mo). In three patients, hyperbilirubinemia (6.5 to 20 mg/dl) and high alkaline phosphatase levels (428 to 859 IU/L) were observed. Also, in all subjects, high gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels (639 to 4270 IU/L), mild aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase abnormalities, and serum HCV RNA were observed. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse fibrosis, leukocyte infiltrates, and different degrees of cholestasis, with typical signs of HCV hepatitis in only one patient. Two patients developed subfulminant liver failure and died 2 and 3 mo after biopsy, respectively. One patient also suffered hepatic failure, receiving a liver transplant. The fourth is alive on dialysis awaiting a combined kidney and liver transplant. It is concluded that fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis is a new, early, and severe complication after RT in HCV(+) patients, which appears in patients with ongoing HCV infection under AZA therapy, despite a nonaggressive immunosuppressive protocol. Both HCV and AZA could play a concurrent role in the pathogenesis of this severe complication after RT.
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PMID:Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in hepatitis C virus-infected renal transplant recipients. 962 Dec 97

We have found a 33 bp minisatellite repeat in the 5'-flanking region of the mutated in colon cancer (MCC) gene at chromosome 5q21. Southern blot experiments demonstrated the locus specificity of the repeat. The number of repeat units varied between 5 and 11 with a heterozygosity of 0.56. The sequence 5'-AGG AGT GTG AAT GGG GCA TAG TGA ATG AGG GGA-3' of the repeat units does not match the consensus sequence of chi-related minisatellites. The minisatellite is not expressed as part of a gene transcription unit. However, it can be used as a tool for the detection of allelic changes at chromosome 5q21 on standard agarose gels.
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PMID:A 33 bp minisatellite repeat upstream of the 'mutated in colon cancer' gene at chromosome 5q21. 969 82

Reference values for some hematologic parameters in 19 species and plasma chemical values in 11 species of Psittacine birds, including cockatoos, parrots, amazons, macaws, conures, and lories, were established for use in veterinary medicine. The following parameters were studied: hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte dimensions, leukocyte number and differential leukocyte count, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total plasma protein, albumin, globulins, albumin-globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, total phosphorus, chloride, and osmolality. Hematologically, the Psittacine is a very homogeneous avian group, with small differences between species. They are, however, different from other groups of birds.
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PMID:Hematologic and plasma chemistry values in captive psittacine birds. 977 53

Two diets containing no (<1.0 mg/ kg) or 95 mg of fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg were fed to eight weanling Angora goats for 112 d. Dry matter intake, apparent nutrient digestibilities, serum chemistry profiles, sphingolipid concentrations, and persistency of FB1 in tissues were evaluated. No differences (P>.10) were found between control and treated goats in terms of DMI, apparent nutrient digestibilities, or ADG. Elevated concentrations (P<.10) of blood-borne enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and increased concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides indicated mild liver damage and kidney dysfunction in treated goats. Linear relationships (P<.10) were observed between these serum constituents and duration of FB1 exposure. The sphingolipid analysis of liver, kidney, and heart tissues showed elevated free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratios in the treated group. The elevated sphingolipid ratios were mainly due to increased concentrations of free sphinganine in tissues. However, without serum profile and sphingolipid analyses, fumonisin toxicosis would not have been recognized because treated animals showed no clinical signs of toxicosis throughout the trial. No measurable FB1 was present in liver, kidney, and heart tissues (detection limit of 1 ppm). However, further research is needed to analyze tissues for FB1 or its metabolites with a lower detection limit. In conclusion, goats can be fed for up to 112 d with diets containing 95 mg FB1/kg of diet without any overt signs of toxicosis and also without any effect on live weight gain.
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PMID:Effects of fumonisin B1-contaminated feeds on weanling angora goats. 985 97


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