Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The deliberate ingestion of carbon tetrachloride by a 48-year-old woman provided an opportunity to study the sequential biochemical changes of a severe but self-limited event of hepatocellular damage. The initial phase of cellular injury characterised by high levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, ferritin and bile acids was followed by a period of partial cholestasis. This was indicated by a marked decrease in secondary bile acids and small rises in alkaline phosphatase and 5' nucleotidase. Improving liver function and regeneration became evident during this period and was associated with abnormal levels of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. A late rise in serum ferritin and alphafetoprotein may represent a non-specific inflammatory reaction.
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PMID:Serum bile acids and other liver function tests in hepatocellular damage from carbon tetrachloride ingestion. 615 37

Normal serum concentrations of methionine, leucine, isoleucine and valine have been found in 10 anaesthetists using nitrous oxide under their regular working conditions without scavenging of patients' exhaled gas. Mean inhaled concentrations of nitrous oxide ranged from 150 to 400 p.p.m. The results indicate either that there was no significant inhibition of methionine synthase (attributable to oxidation of vitamin B12 by nitrous oxide) or that methionine concentrations were maintained by dietary intake or by the alternative betaine pathway of methylation of homocysteine. In either case, anaesthetists working under these conditions should not be at risk from reduced methionine concentrations. We also report normal serum activities of aspartate transaminase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase.
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PMID:Serum methionine and hepatic enzyme activity in anaesthetists exposed to nitrous oxide. 708 22

The hypothesis was tested that goats allowed ad libitum access to feed during the dry period develop higher post partum hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations than do goats given a restricted amount of feed during the dry period. Goats in their second or more pregnancies were either given a restricted amount of hay, maize silage and concentrate (n = 5) or had free access to this feed mixture while the composition was kept constant (n = 11). After parturition both groups were allowed ad libitum access to feed. Post partum liver triacylglycerol concentrations, as measured in liver biopsies, were significantly raised in goats allowed ad libitum access to feed during the dry period. The increase in liver triacylglycerols was associated with slightly higher plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids but lower serum 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. The feeding regimen during the dry period did not significantly influence post partum liver glycogen concentrations and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, and insulin. The increase in post partum liver triacylglycerol concentrations in the goats allowed ad libitum access to feed instead of a restricted ration during the dry period, was associated with a significant rise in serum alkaline phosphatase activities, whereas other liver function and cell damage indicators in serum, i.e. aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and bilirubin, were unchanged. Feed intake after parturition tended to be higher in the goats allowed ad libitum access to feed during the dry period but milk production was significantly raised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver triacylglycerol concentrations around parturition in goats with either pre-partum restricted or free access to feed. 757 Dec 80

An assay procedure for ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), which is known to be a liver-specific enzyme, was modified to be adaptable to bovine serum. The concentration of carbamoyl phosphate and the pH of the reaction reagent solution shifted to 60 mM and 7.2, respectively. These modifications contributed to the augmentation of assay sensitivity. The day-to-day reproducibility was 7.9% (coefficient variation) for serum with high OCT activity and 14.8% for normal bovine serum. The activity was stable for 3-4 months by the storage at -20 degrees C and at least 6 months at -80 degrees C. The OCT activity and other biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were measured in sera from 164 dairy or raising cows reared at 7 farms. The normal level of OCT activity in sera from these cows ranged from 9.2 to 25.1 U/l (mean +/- 2SD). By comparison between the farms, the highest mean value of OCT activity was found in a farm where cows were suspected to have some kind of latent liver disease from the data of other biochemical parameters. We conclude that the OCT activity is a very useful diagnostic indicator of liver disease in cattle.
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PMID:Assay of ornithine carbamoyl transferase activity: modification for application to bovine serum. 791 34

A reduction in serum enzymes has been already observed by administering ursodeoxycholic acid to patients with chronic active hepatitis. The aim of this study was to assess whether the liver histological activity of inflammation was modified by a 12-month treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. Thirty-six patients with chronic active hepatitis, fulfilling the inclusion criteria, were admitted to the trial. Patients were randomly allocated to receive double blind either 600 mg/day of ursodeoxycholic acid (Group A: 18 patients) or placebo (Group B: 18 patients). Clinical and biochemical follow-up was performed at acid (Group A: 18 patients) or placebo (Group B: 18 patients). Clinical and biochemical follow-up was performed at 3-month intervals. A percutaneous liver biopsy was performed before and after 1 year of treatment. Histological hepatitis activity was assessed using Knodell's numerical scoring system, while biliary damage was evaluated by an appropriate scoring system. Sixteen and 12 patients in Groups A and B, respectively, completed the clinical and biochemical follow-up. Although a reduction in serum enzymes was found in both groups, multifactorial covariance analysis showed that the reductions in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. Biochemical remission was not observed in either group. Histological analysis showed a dichotomy between the results from the hepatitis and the biliary components of the disease process. No differences were found in the two groups before or after treatment in histological activity index, which measures the "hepatitic" component. Nor were there any significant differences in baseline values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on serum enzymes and liver histology in patients with chronic active hepatitis. A 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 791 49

Sixteen Escherichia coli clinical isolates which were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate but susceptible to cephalothin were studied. Eight strains showed the presence of a beta-lactamase which comigrates with reference OXA-1 enzyme. The eight other strains produced different TEM-1 derivatives which had in common a higher Km for penicillins and a higher 50% inhibitory concentration for the beta-lactamase inhibitors. By oligotyping and sequencing of PCR products, it was shown that Ser (AGC) (TEM-30; also called TRI-1) in three strains and Cys (TGC) (TEM-31; also called TRI-2) in one strain were substituted for Arg-241 (CGC), that Leu (CTG) (TEM-33) and Val (GTG) (TEM-34) in one strain each were substituted for Met-67 (ATG), and that in other mutants the two latter substitutions occurred together with the substitution of Asp (GAT) (TEM-35 and TEM-36) for Asn-272 (AAT). Therefore, different sets of amino acid substitutions of TEM-1 can be found in clinical isolates and lead to resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors.
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PMID:Emergence of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli producing TEM-1 derivatives or an OXA-1 beta-lactamase conferring resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitors. 806 42

To evaluate the clinical applications of serum thymidine kinase (TK) activity, we compared the results obtained with this parameter with those of other liver function tests in 27 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 16 normal controls. In those in the acute stage, the serum TK activity increased significantly to 55.5 +/- 66.5 U/L. There was no significant correlation between serum TK activity and findings for serum albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase or r-glutamyl transpeptidase. However, it did correlate significantly well with the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r = 0.621, P < 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r = 0.551, P < 0.01), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.620, P < 0.01). Serum TK activity reached higher than 70 U/L in 8 of 11 patients with hepatitis A; however, no patients with the other types of hepatitis reached such a high level. During the recovery stage, the serum TK activity decreased significantly to 5.9 +/- 1.7 U/L (P < 0.01), and did not correlate with AST, ALT, LDH or other conventional liver function parameters. The data suggest that an elevation of serum TK in patients with acute viral hepatitis results from hepatocellular damage. A marked elevation of serum TK activity may thus provide a marker for acute hepatitis A infection.
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PMID:Elevated serum thymidine kinase activity in patients with acute viral hepatitis. 844 Apr 24

A 13-year-old African-American female with erythrocytosis and three different beta globins on electrophoresis beta A, beta S, and beta Osler, raised the possibility that one chromosome 11 might contain a duplicated beta globin gene, since there are normally only 2 beta globin genes. DNA sequence analysis showed GTG at codon 6 in exon 1, corresponding to Hb S and AAT at codon 145 in exon 3, indicating a substitution of Asn for Tyr. Thus, Hb Osler undergoes spontaneous post-translational deamidation, beta 145 Asn-->beta 145 Asp. Unmodified Hb Osler (Asn) co-migrates with Hb A on electrophoresis and co-elutes with Hb A on HPLC; therefore it has not been identified previously. All previous studies have incorrectly identified the mutation as being beta 145 (HC 2) Tyr-->Asp.
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PMID:Hemoglobin S/hemoglobin Osler: a case with 3 beta globin chains. DNA sequence (AAT) proves that Hb Osler is beta 145 Tyr-->Asn. 870 49

A number of simple clinical and laboratory variables were analysed in a group of patients with chronic heart failure to evaluate their prognostic significance. Five hundred and fifty-two patients were followed for a maximum of 13 years with a total exposure time to death or censored survival of 1148 years. Of the clinical variables, diuretic dose and NYHA class were related to mortality (P < 0.01), and ischaemic heart disease was associated with a worse prognosis than other aetiologies (P < 0.05). Of the laboratory variables, abnormalities of liver function tests including bilirubin (P < 0.01), aspartate transaminase (P < 0.005), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (P < 0.005) and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01) were all related to mortality as was plasma urate (P < 0.01). Multivariate survival analysis of all variables showed aspartate transaminase (chi 2 17.36, P < 0.001) accounted for the greatest variance followed by serum bilirubin (chi 2 14.35, P < 0.005). Thus, abnormalities in liver function tests have prognostic importance in chronic heart failure.
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PMID:The importance of abnormalities of liver function tests in predicting mortality in chronic heart failure. 888 55

Plasma/serum beta-hexosaminidase (Hex) activity is known to be increased in chronic alcoholism, liver disorders, pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Hex activity also shows an association with risk factors for vascular disease and heredity for arteriosclerosis. There are several isoenzymes of Hex. Using an enzyme immunoassay for Hex isoenzymes (Hex A and Hex B) we studied possible determinants of Hex isoenzymes and their relation to vascular disease in randomly invited (n = 244) 35-95-year-old men and women. In both sexes there were significant age-related increases in Hex activities and men exhibited higher activity of both isoenzymes. Both Hex isoenzymes correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides and liver enzymes, whereas Hex A was distinguished from Hex B by its stronger correlation with blood glucose. In multiple linear regression analysis Hex A was explained to 20.7% by blood glucose, age, serum aspartate aminotransferase and glutamyl transpeptidase. Hex B was explained to 14% by age, serum glutamyl transpeptidase and serum triglycerides. There was no significant increase in Hex isoenzymes in subjects with hypertension, diabetes mellitus or myocardial disease, nor did current smokers exhibit any increase of these enzymes compared to non-smokers. The main conclusion in that liver function, as reflected by the level of liver enzymes and glucose metabolism, is the major determinant for Hex isoenzymes in plasma.
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PMID:beta-Hexosaminidase isoenzymes A and B in middle-aged and elderly subjects: determinants of plasma levels and relation to vascular disease. 888 76


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