Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of a four-week experiment on ten fa/fa Zucker rats (aged seven weeks at the beginning) fed on a lipid-rich diet (HL: 31 per cent w/w lipids, 45.6 per cent starch) was compared to that of a control diet (C: 10 per cent lipids, 66 per cent starch) on control Fa/- rats using a special pair-feeding apparatus that made it possible to obtain an identical intake rhythm. Energy level of the intake was significantly higher for the HL diet than for the C diet. At the end of the experiment, fa/fa rats remained obese and hyperlipemic, and still showed liver steatosis. With equal energy levels ingested, the obesity of fa/fa rats was comparable for both diets; hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were identical for both diets. When compared to the C diet, the HL diet modified neither their obesity nor their hyperlipemia. Obese rat liver on the HL diet showed lower levels for triacylglycerols, cholesterol, GGT, ALT, LDH and aldolase activities, while hepatic glycerol kinase and AST activities were higher than and comparable to, respectively, the C diet. Thus the HL diet led to a decreased liver steatosis for fa/fa rats as compared to the C diet.
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PMID:Influence of diet composition on obesity, hyperlipemia and liver steatosis in Zucker fa/fa rats pair-fed with Zucker Fa/- rats. 637 17

Health conditions were evaluated in 80 electrical workers exposed for many years to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures with a 42% mean chlorine content, who had blood PCB concentrations from 41 to 1319 micrograms/kg. The clinical study was based on personal history data, physical examination, and laboratory tests (red cell and leukocyte count; determination of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, bilirubin, serum protein electrophoretic fractions, pseudocholinesterase, AST, ALT, GGT, and OCT). Fifteen workers were found to have skin diseases--chloracne (4), folliculitis (4), oil dermatitis (1), juvenile acne (1), and dermatitis due to irritative or allergic agents (5). Sixteen workers showed more or less pronounced hepatic involvement, consisting most often of hepatomegaly with an increase in serum GGT, AST, ALT, and OCT values. In two workers bleeding cavernous haemangiomas were discovered, in one case associated with chronic myelocytic leukaemia. All the workers with chloracne were employed on electric capacitor impregnation with PCBs, and no definite association was found between chloracne and blood PCB concentrations. Conversely, a significant positive association was found between the abnormal liver findings and blood PCB concentrations, particularly trichlorobiphenyl blood concentrations. The abnormal hepatic findings observed are similar to those reported in experimental animals given PCBs, and in some workers such findings should probably be considered as clinical signs of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical workers. II. Health effects. 645 Dec 37

The Dukes' and TNM systems for staging carcinoma of the colon and rectum are still the best pathologic classifications, but they do not apply to all patients and do not distinguish between patients who will die and patients who will be cured by the same therapeutic procedure. A new approach to this problem should be to establish a biochemical automatic classification, complementary to the morphologic one, which allow us to classify every patient before and after the first and subsequent treatments. By using several nonspecific tumor markers, such as CEA, AAT, AF, AAG, GGT and transferrine, a discriminant analysis was executed among the groups of patients with LD, RD and DD. Our initial results with only 12.8 per cent of incorrect classifications, that is patients classified in a less advanced group, suggest that this system may be quite useful in order to select those patients with carcinoma of the rectum who should benefit from preoperative radiotherapy as well as those who should receive adjuvant therapy after the first treatment. On the other hand, for patients classified in a more advanced group than the pathologic grading, we may well be able to identify those patients with occult disease for which the frequency of revisions should be shorter.
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PMID:Automatic preoperative classification of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 671 Mar 17

Outbreaks of ovine white liver disease (WLD) on 7 farms in eastern Victoria were investigated. Most occurred in late spring and mainly affected lambs 3 to 6 months old, with a morbidity of 20 to 100% and mortality of 8 to 15%. Clinically affected lambs showed illthrift, emaciation and bilateral, serous, ocular discharge. Clinical pathology showed mild anaemia, elevated serum liver enzymes (GGT, OCT, AST) and low levels of serum vitamin B12. Grossly, the livers were pale, fatty and friable; microscopically there was parenchymal fatty change, bile duct proliferation and ceroid pigmentation. Liver cobalt values were consistently low (mean 0.4 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg D.W.). Levels of cobalt in pasture from 2 properties were very low (0.34 mumol/kg D.W.) The diagnosis of white liver disease was made on the basis of clinical features, specific liver pathology and low cobalt status. Treatment trials established that cobalt injections or oral bullet administration resulted in clinical improvement, significant weight gains, and improved serum vitamin B12 levels. WLD did not recur in previously affected sheep using these treatments. However, when blocks containing cobalt were available continuously, WLD recurred 2 years after the initial outbreak.
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PMID:White liver disease of sheep. 713 31

Early and appropriate treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) depends on early causal diagnosis. Published studies have shown favourable results following sphincterotomy performed within the 72 hours of onset of severe gallstone-associated AP. Among the various bio-clinical indices, the lipase/amylase (L/A) ratio, computed within 72 hours after onset, has been shown to discriminate between alcoholic and non alcoholic AP. Our study evaluates the data of biochemical disorders in 51 patients presenting with an episode of AP; these patients were divided into 3 groups: A: alcoholic AP, n = 15; B: biliary AP, n = 25; and C: post-ERCP AP, n = 11. These 3 groups were similar with respect to clinical severity of AP and CT scan. The time delays between onset of the symptoms and the biochemical assay were 1.9 +/- 0.3, 1.9 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.3 d (P < 0.01). AST, ALT, bilirubin, GGT and alkaline phosphatase were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group B. Blamey's score was 0.5 +/- 0.2, 2.8 +/- 0.2 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 in groups A, B and C respectively. Serum amylase, serum lipase and L/A ratio were identical in groups A and B. The decrease in serum amylase after 48 hours was more important only in group B (56 +/- 8, 80 +/- 4, 47 +/- 3% respectively in groups A, B and C). L/A ratio was significantly greater in group C when compared with group A and B (1.7 +/- 0.4, 1.5 +/- 0.2 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 in groups A, B and C respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Is the identification of acute biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis by early pancreatic enzyme assay possible?]. 751 3

We have developed a new multienzyme control serum, Seraclear-HE, which was designed to function not only as an accuracy and precision control serum but also as an intermethod calibrator for unifying interlaboratory clinical enzyme data in terms of reference method values. Seraclear-HE contains as analytes the following enzymes of human origin only: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) from erythrocytes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) from a hepatoma cell line; alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) from an amnion cell line; creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) from an embryo kidney cell line; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) from a macrophage cell line; and amylase (AMY, EC 3.2.1.1) from urine and saliva. The seven partly purified enzymes were lyophilized in partially delipidated human serum containing sucrose (50 g/L), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (30 mmol/L), and other stabilizers. The material is stable for at least 2 years at temperatures < or = 10 degrees C. For two concentrations of this preparation, reference method values (mainly International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry) obtained at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C are assigned.
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PMID:Multienzyme control serum (Seraclear-HE) containing human enzymes from established cell lines and other sources. 1: Preparation and properties. 753 43

Turner syndrome or the gonadal dysgenesis syndrome which is monosomic because of the lack of an X chromosome (45 X) is associated to a greater incidence of autoimmune, particularly thyroidal, disorders and inflammatory intestinal disease, but is rarely associated to hepatic disorders. A female patient with chronic asymptomatic intrahepatic cholestasis which, to our knowledge, is the first reported in Spain, is herein presented. The 40-year old patient with a 45 X karyotype, feminine phenotype was accidently found to have a chronic alteration in the hepatic profile. Hepatic biochemical tests revealed AST 59 U/L, ALT 90 U/L, GGT 201 U/L and alkaline phosphatase 320 U/L. Hepatic echography was normal. Percutaneous liver biopsy was performed demonstrating minimum changes consisting of sinusoidal dilatation and pigment accumulation in the hepatocyte biliary pole. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid 15 mg/kg/day was administered showing a marked decrease in the laboratory parameters during follow up. Different hypothesis which may explain the association between chronic asymptomatic intrahepatic cholestasis and Turner syndrome are discussed.
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PMID:[Chronic asymptomatic intrahepatic cholestasis associated with Turner's syndrome]. 907 98

A prospective study of 21 patients with the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was carried out. All patients had hepatomegaly and in 10 (48%) image studies were consistent with steatosis and/or fibrosis. Biochemically, there was increase of AST, ALT and cholesterol in 48%, of GGT in 52% and of alkaline phosphatase in 38%. 18 patients were obese, 2 of them diabetic, 2 others had a history of exposure to drugs (amiodarone and isopropilic alcohol) and the last one presented hypothyroidism. Liver biopsies were studied using a semiquantitative scale to evaluate the degree of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in a scale from 1 to 3. Results showed a medium score of 2.6 for steatosis, 1.5 for inflammation and 1.8 for fibrosis. Four patients had cirrhosis and Mallory bodies were found in 11 cases (52%). NASH is an oligosymptomatic disease that can be found in different clinical conditions, mainly obesity, and is more frequent in women. It is histologically indistinguishable from alcoholic steatohepatitis. It is frequently underdiagnosed clinically and must be taken into account as a possible cause of cryptogenetic cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Non alcoholic steatohepatitis]. 765 98

Six out of 15 Nubian goats kids were given single oral doses of metolachlor (Dual 720 EC) at 2,000 or 500 mg/kg liveweight and died within 1 h of the dosing. Other 6 goats were given daily oral doses at 200 or 25 mg/kg and died or were slaughtered between days 8 and 25. In goats receiving single doses, the signs of poisoning were convulsive episodes, incoordination of movement, tremors, severe muscular spasms, stiffness, profuse salivation, respiratory distress, abnormal posture and recumbency. In goats receiving metolachlor at daily doses, the signs were similar, but developed slowly. Increases in the activities of serum AST and GGT and in the concentration of urea, and decreases in total protein concentration were correlated with clinical changes and lesions.
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PMID:Experimental metolachlor toxicosis in Nubian goats in the Sudan. 770 34

Overproportional GLDH-increase was found to be the most frequently appearing pathological enzyme pattern in canine practice. Thus it could be shown that GLDH deviates, in spite of its mitochondrial localization and greater molecular weight, more frequently and to a higher degree from its reference value than the parameters ALT, AST, AP, GGT and Bilirubin. The results of the study suggest that the liberation of the enzyme is less determined by the intensity than by the intralobular target of the liver insult. Therefore an increase in GLDH-activity should no longer be interpreted as the result of severe liver damage. On the contrary, the enzyme appeared to be the most sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of primary and secondary hepatopathies. The phenomenon of isolated GLDH-increase could be interpreted in almost every disease group as an appearance of the over-proportional increase and can therefore be understood as a serological expression of a slight, perivenous liver affection. Only with effusion patients the enzyme pattern should be regarded as an independent finding, because it has extrahepatic reasons. The induction of the enzyme in cases of diabetes mellitus is discussed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of glutamate dehydrogenase determination in the dog]. 771 55


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