Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentration of serum immunoreactive prolyl 4-hydroxylase (S-IRPH) was determined in patients with various liver diseases by the radioimmunoassay developed previously. S-IRPH values were elevated in acute hepatitis (p less than 0.01), hepatocellular carcinoma (p less than 0.05), metastatic liver neoplasm (p less than 0.01) and cholestatic diseases (p less than 0.001), but no significant elevation was seen in chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. The mean value of S-IRPH was highest in cholestatic diseases, and next highest in acute hepatitis. In addition to acute hepatitis, S-IRPH was increased in other conditions of hepatocellular damage such as exacerbation of chronic hepatitis or immediately after transcatheter arterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. In cases of hepatocellular damage S-IRPH varied concurrent with cytoplasmic enzyme (AST, ALT and LDH) levels and in cases of cholestatic diseases with biliary enzyme (Al-P and gamma GTP) levels. These properties appear to be unique among serum enzymes. The characteristics of S-IRPH were considered to be related to its unique subcellular localization within the cell, ie the membrane of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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PMID:Studies on serum immunoreactive prolyl 4-hydroxylase in liver diseases--its elevation both in hepatocellular damage and cholestatic diseases. 284 41

The activities of the enzymes SD, GD, AAT, 5'NT, GGT, LDH and CPK were determined weekly in sera of two calves each infected with 10,000 S. bovis cercariae and in two controls. In infected animals, LDH activity increased from the first week of exposure and remained high throughout the experiment (22 weeks). GGT activity increased nine weeks after exposure and remained high. CPK activity was elevated during weeks 8-15 of infection. No change was detected in the activity of the other enzymes, nor in any enzymes of the controls.
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PMID:Serum enzyme changes in calves experimentally infected with Schistosoma bovis. 288 18

Eight otherwise healthy insulin-dependent diabetic patients were subjected to controlled, symptomatic hypoglycaemia for 20 min (median glucose concentration 1.7 mmol/l, range 1.0-2.6 mmol/l). Concentrations of plasma adrenaline and plasma vasopressin were significantly increased, indicating normal counter-regulatory responses for these hormones. Plasma activities of the hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, LDH, GGT, and CK did not increase during or following the period of hypoglycaemia. Thus, abnormal plasma enzyme activities noted after clinical hypoglycaemia should be fully investigated, and not disregarded as due to the hypoglycaemic episode.
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PMID:A rise in the plasma activities of hepatic enzymes is not a common consequence of hypoglycaemia. 289 67

The activities of enzymes of diagnostic interest were investigated in the liver, heart, kidney and muscle of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the rat. Methods of tissue extraction which gave maximal enzyme activity were used and comparison between the species showed some major differences. AST, LDH and GDH showed a similar distribution in both species but ICDH activity was much higher in the rat heart than in any other rat or marmoset organ. ALP, LAP and GGT were present in much higher activities in the rat kidney than in the marmoset kidney, a finding which was reversed in the liver of these animals. The major ALT-containing organ in the rat was the liver but, in the marmoset, this enzyme was found in relatively large quantities in the heart and muscle also. These differences can be of importance when plasma enzyme activities are measured following tissue damage.
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PMID:Tissue activities of enzymes of diagnostic interest in the marmoset and rat. 290 66

The total LDH, HBDH and LDH isoenzyme activities were assessed in a number of rat tissues. HBDH did not correlate with LD1 and LD2 isoenzyme activity in tissues with high HBDH activity. HBDH therefore cannot be used as a marker for cardiac necrosis in the rat. In rats treated with isoprenaline and SK&F 94120 at doses producing myocardial necrosis, only the LD1 isoenzymes showed any significant change but only within the first 24 h of treatment. No statistically significant differences were seen in the plasma AST, CK, CK-MB and total LDH activities.
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PMID:The evaluation of HBDH and LDH isoenzymes in cardiac cell necrosis of the rat. 318 88

The Copenhagen Lung Cancer Study Group conducted a prospective randomized trial comparing three chemotherapy regimens: (A) vindesine (VDS) 4 mg/m2 IV weekly X 8, then every second week; (B) lomustine (CCNU) 70 mg/m2 orally, cyclophosphamide (CTX) 1000 mg/m2 IV every 4 weeks, methotrexate (MTX) 20 mg/m2 orally days 15 and 18 of each course; and (C) CCNU + CTX + MTX + VDS in the same schedule as above, but with lower doses of CCNU (50 mg/m2), CTX (750 mg/m2), and VDS (2 mg/m2). Two hundred fifty-nine patients were accrued with unresectable adenocarcinoma-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); 218 were evaluable for response. Overall response rates on the chemotherapy arms were: (A) 22%, (B) 23%, and (C) 27%. Median survival rates were: 29 weeks, (B) 29 weeks, and (C) 34 weeks. Peripheral neuropathy was the major toxicity in arm A, and myelosuppression in arms B and C. The independent influence of 27 pretreatment variables were analyzed by the Cox multivariate regression model, which revealed that six have prognostic impact: performance status, nonradical resection, liver metastases, serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), WBC (white blood count), and serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase). The data clearly demonstrate prognostic variables in this disease and emphasize the need for better chemotherapy.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung: the Copenhagen study and review of the literature. 321 7

Plasma CPK activity and the activity of isoenzymes MDH, AST and LDH were assessed in 60 patients with myocardial infarction of different severity, with reference to the time since the onset of the attack. The peaks of CPK and MDH-C activity were reached sooner than those of LDH-M and AST-C, while the CPK and MDH-C curves were similar. The severity of the disease showed correlation to later onset of enzyme peaks and markedly delayed decrease in the respective values. Increased activity of mitochondrial isoenzymes and blood LDH-M provided additional information on the severity of the disease. Delayed normalization of these activities was associated with a poor diagnosis.
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PMID:[Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in myocardial infarction]. 323 Jul 77

The relationship between transplant viability and liver function has been examined. Wistar rat livers were preserved at 4 degrees C for increasing intervals and then transplanted into Wistar rat recipients. Two critical times were identified, the longest preservation period with 100% transplantation success (4 hr) and the shortest preservation period with 100% transplant failure (8 hr). The comparable critical times were also identified in livers preserved at 37 degrees C (1 hr and 2 hr). Liver functions were studied by the isolated perfused liver technique in other rat livers stored at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C for the critical times. Two liver function tests, AST and LDH concentration in perfusate, discriminated between viable and nonviable livers across as well as within preservation groups. AST gave the best separation between viable and nonviable livers. Some functions such as ALT concentration in perfusate separated viable from non viable allografts only within preservation groups. Other liver functions were more sensitive to preservation temperature than allograft viability. Oxygen consumption after cold preservation for either critical time was about twice control levels. Urea production was far below control levels in warm-preserved livers but almost normal in cold-preserved livers. Our results indicate that AST release into perfusate can be used as a screening technique to optimize preservation methods, reserving transplantation for confirming the most promising results.
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PMID:Markers of allograft viability in the rat. Relationship between transplantation viability and liver function in the isolated perfused liver. 331 44

The mechanism of Tris-BP or Bis-BP (a metabolite of Tris-BP) induced nephrotoxicity was investigated by determining urinary excretion of enzymes and selected metabolites. Rats received single oral doses of 0, 71.7, 143.4 and 286.8 mumol/kg tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP) or bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Bis-BP). Urine was collected over a 24 h period and subjected to biochemical examinations. Comparative studies on Tris-BP- and Bis-BP-induced nephrotoxicities were carried out for abnormal patterns of urinary excretion. The urinary excretion of glucose was higher in Bis-BP than Tris-BP at a dose of 143.4 mumol/kg, but this pattern reversed at a dose of 286.8 mumol/kg. Peak lactate excretion occurred later than peak glucose excretion with 143.4 and 286.8 mumol/kg Tris BP and 143.4 mumol/kg Bis-BP. Bis-BP 286.8 mumol/kg caused a transient urinary elevation of lactate on Day 2. Uric acid was excreted at higher levels for Bis-BP than Tris-BP on day 2 of urine collection. Activities of urinary enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, were different on the first day of post-treatment for Tris-BP and Bis-BP. Leucine aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase levels differed on the second day. Activities of the former enzymes on the day 2 urine suggested a transformation of Tris-BP to Bis-BP. Urinary patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH-1-LDH-5) were different between Tris-BP and Bis-BP when rats were treated with the dose of 286.8 mumol/kg: Tris-BP caused a higher excretion of LDH-4 and LDH-5 in urine on day 1 and all five isoenzymes into the day 2 urine. Bis-BP caused slightly higher excretion of LDH-5 and LDH-4 into the day 1 and 3 urine, respectively. Bis-BP but not Tris-BP caused abnormally urinary excretion of sodium ion. Histopathologically, the nephrotoxic effect of Tris-BP appeared one day later and was more obvious than that of Bis-BP in rats after single oral administration.
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PMID:Comparative studies on nephrotoxic effects of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate and bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate on rat urinary metabolites. 335 64

Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, total magnesium, total calcium, iron, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined in serum specimens collected from 53 free-ranging mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula) during live capture using nets. Considerable variations in the concentrations of the enzymes ALP, LDH, CK, GGT and AST were found as well as in the concentrations of creatinine, bilirubin and iron. This wide variation in results seriously questions the usefulness of similar blood investigations on heterogenous groups of mechanically restrained animals.
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PMID:Blood chemical and electrolyte concentrations in the mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula. 350 6


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