Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We cloned the era gene of Francisella tularensis from a plasmid library by heterologous genetic complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant conditionally defective for the production of Era, an essential protein for cell growth. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that, in F. tularensis, era constitutes a single gene operon. ORFs aspC and mdh encoding aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase, respectively, flank era in F. tularensis. Although classified as Gram-, the flanking regions and the relative location of era in F. tularensis are distinctly different from those of typical Gram- and Gram+ bacteria. Computer analysis of bacterial Era protein sequences identified conserved domains in addition to the common G domains of most GTP-binding proteins.
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PMID:A Francisella tularensis DNA clone complements Escherichia coli defective for the production of Era, an essential Ras-like GTP-binding protein. 916 8

Little is known about the presence of common medical pathogens in the human oral cavity. Using a 16S rRNA-based PCR identification method, this study determined the occurrence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in subgingival plaque from 50 adults with advanced periodontitis. Each patient contributed samples from 3 deep periodontal pockets collected by paper points. The PCR primers were for P. asaccharolytica 5'-CTC TAG CTA GAG TGT ACT GG-3' and 5'-ATA GGG TTT ATA GAT TAG CTC TCT-3', for B. fragilis 5'-AAT GAT TCC GCA TGG TTT CAT TA-3' and 5'-GCG GTG ATT GCT CAC TGA CA-3', and for C. pneumoniae 5'- TGA CAA CTG TAG AAA TAC AGC-3' and 5'-CGC CTC TCT CCT ATA AAT-3'. The primers yielded a single amplicon with the respective reference strains and produced no amplicon with colonies of 25 groups of oral organisms. None of the three test species were detected in any of the 50 pooled subgingival samples tested. P. asaccharyolytica, B. fragilis and C. pneumoniae do not seem to be part of the periodontopathic microbiota in humans.
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PMID:Absence of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Bacteroides fragilis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in human subgingival plaque. 957 14

We have found a 33 bp minisatellite repeat in the 5'-flanking region of the mutated in colon cancer (MCC) gene at chromosome 5q21. Southern blot experiments demonstrated the locus specificity of the repeat. The number of repeat units varied between 5 and 11 with a heterozygosity of 0.56. The sequence 5'-AGG AGT GTG AAT GGG GCA TAG TGA ATG AGG GGA-3' of the repeat units does not match the consensus sequence of chi-related minisatellites. The minisatellite is not expressed as part of a gene transcription unit. However, it can be used as a tool for the detection of allelic changes at chromosome 5q21 on standard agarose gels.
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PMID:A 33 bp minisatellite repeat upstream of the 'mutated in colon cancer' gene at chromosome 5q21. 969 82

A novel human DNA virus, TTvirus (TTV), was identified from a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. It is thought to be a new hepatitis virus, but the clinical significance of this virus is uncertain. We investigated the frequency of TTV viremia by PCR in 39 non-B, non-C hepatitis (NBNC) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and clinical features of these patients. TTV viremia was detected in 20 (51.3%) of 39 NBNC hepatitis patients with HCC. Liver cirrhosis (LC) were found in 11 (55%) of 20 TTV-positive patients and 16 (84%) of 19 TTV-negative patients (p < 0.05). The levels of AST, LDH, LAP, gamma GTP in TTV-positive patients were significantly higher than those in TTV-negative patients (p < 0.05). (AST: 58 +/- 26 vs 42 +/- 23 IU/l, LDH: 468 +/- 127 vs 366 +/- 123 IU/l, LAP: 339 +/- 242 vs 206 +/- 80 IU/l, gamma GTP: 207 +/- 207 vs 105 +/- 107 IU/l) These results suggest clinical differences between TTV-positive and TTV-negative patients in NBNC hepatitis patients with HCC.
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PMID:[Detection of TT virus (TTV) in non-B, non-C hepatitis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and clinical features of these patients]. 1039 Oct

GTP hydrolysis by elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) on the ribosome is induced by codon recognition. The mechanism by which a signal is transmitted from the site of codon-anticodon interaction in the decoding center of the 30S ribosomal subunit to the site of EF-Tu binding on the 50S subunit is not known. Here we examine the role of the tRNA in this process. We have used two RNA fragments, one which contains the anticodon and D hairpin domains (ACD oligomer) derived from tRNA(Phe) and the second which comprises the acceptor stem and T hairpin domains derived from tRNA(Ala) (AST oligomer) that aminoacylates with alanine and forms a ternary complex with EF-Tu. GTP. While the ACD oligomer and the ternary complex containing the Ala-AST oligomer interact with the 30S and 50S A site, respectively, no rapid GTP hydrolysis was observed when both were bound simultaneously. The presence of paromomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that binds to the decoding site and stabilizes codon-anticodon interaction in unfavorable coding situations, did not increase the rate of GTP hydrolysis. These results suggest that codon recognition as such is not sufficient for GTPase activation and that an intact tRNA molecule is required for transmitting the signal created by codon recognition to EF-Tu.
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PMID:Intact aminoacyl-tRNA is required to trigger GTP hydrolysis by elongation factor Tu on the ribosome. 1067 22

In this study, we examined whether levels of P4501A mRNA expression were naturally induced in feral fish, Liza saliens, and whether CYP1A protein levels and associated enzyme activity, EROD, were also increased. Induction of mRNA was measured using a nucleic acid hybridization technique. For the hybridization studies, a new 33-mer oligonucleotide probe 5'-dCTC ATC CAG CTT CCT GTC CTC GCA GTG ATC AAT-3' was designed, which corresponded to the totally conserved amino acid motif of CYP1A protein from positions 291 to 301 among the various fish species. Results of Northern blot analysis revealed that RNA isolated from the liver of mullet collected from the highly contaminated region of Izmir Bay with a dissolved and dispersed petroleum hydrocarbon content of 12.45 microg l(-1) gave a strong hybridization signal, whereas only a weak hybridization signal was detected in the liver RNA of fish caught from the reference site containing less than 1 microg l(-1) of petroleum hydrocarbons. Similarly, fish from the contaminated site had approximately 80 times more EROD activity than the feral fish captured from the reference site. Studies using polyclonal antibodies produced against purified mullet CYP1A also showed the similar trend. In conclusion, feral leaping mullet caught from contaminated water displayed induction of CYP1A at three levels of expression, namely, mRNA, apoprotein and catalytic activity.
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PMID:Induced CYP1A mRNA, protein and catalytic activity in the liver of feral fish, leaping mullet, Liza saliens. 1123 41

Three novel DRB3* alleles were identified using CANTYPE reverse hybridization assay. The initial unusual hybridization patterns of DRB3-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA from each subject were confirmed by cloning and sequencing analysis. DRB3*0106 allele is identical to DRB3*0101 except for a single nucleotide substitution (CTG-->GTG) changing codon 38 from Leu to Val. This polymorphism is commonly found in DRB3*03 alleles. Compared with DRB3*0202, DRB3*02022 contains a single silent nucleotide substitution (AAT-->AAC, both encoding for Asn) at codon 77. This polymorphism is also present in DRB3*0204 allele. The new DRB3*0107 allele has a sequence unique to DRB3 alleles. From codon 5 to codon 36 the sequence is identical to that of DRB3*0101 allele. From codon 37 to codon 87 the sequence of DRB1*0107 allele is identical to that of DRB3*0202. This sequence would thus explain the CANTYPE(R) DRB3-specific unusual pattern of reactions. The new DRB3*0107 could have arisen from a gene conversion between DRB3*0101 and DRB3*0202 alleles, but the DRB3*0106 and the DRB3*02022 may have been generated by a point mutation event. The DRB3*0107 allele was identified in a Caucasoid individual. The ethnic origin of the subjects carrying the other two alleles are unknown. The three alleles presented here were only identified once, in a total population of 49,000.
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PMID:Identification of three new DRB3* (DRB3*0106, DRB3*0107 and DRB3*02022) alleles. 1138 Sep 56

Pyruvate has been shown to benefit cellular energy metabolism and to reduce free radical formation. Concerning gastrointestinal side effects of orally administered sodium pyruvate, in this pilot study we investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of sodium pyruvate infusions in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Fifteen patients with ALD received sodium pyruvate infusions for: (1) 10 days (54-86.4 g pyruvate daily, 150-180 mg/min., 6-8 h); and (2) 15 days (50-54 g daily, 100 mg/min., 6 h). Sodium pyruvate treatment resulted in significantly decreased serum AST (p<0.03), ALT (p<0.03), AP (p<0.004), GGT (p<0.05), and total bilirubin (p<0.04). Improvement of liver function was also evident from the significantly decreased Combined Clinical and Laboratory Index (from 6.50+/-0.71, to 3.92+/-0.84, p<0.001), and Liver Damage Score (from 3.83+/-0.71 to 2.75+/-0.58, p<0.01). The two therapy schedules used showed similar results. Unchanged serum pyruvate, lactate, and glucose confirmed the good utilization of pyruvate. Tolerance of sodium pyruvate treatment was very good in 26.09% and good in 68.94% of the observations. Our results showed good therapeutic effectiveness and good tolerance of sodium pyruvate infusions in patients with ALD. This is possibly due to the rapid gain of ATP and GTP, required to redress defective cells, and to antioxidant action of pyruvate.
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PMID:Sodium pyruvate infusions in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Preliminary report. 1168 47

In order to investigate whether there would be any association between abnormalities of either reg1 alpha or reg1 beta gene and diabetes mellitus in man, these two genes were analyzed in 42 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 12 with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy, 37 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 22 normal controls, by PCR-SSCP analysis and nucleotide sequencing technique. Polymorphism in the reg1 alpha gene resulted in three mobility patterns in the PCR-SSCP analysis, due to nucleotide constituents at position -10 before exon 1 being either C/C, T/C or T/T. These three mobility patterns were observed in every group of subjects. The analysis of reg1 beta gene showed nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 in one patient, exon 5 in another patient with type 1 diabetes, and in exon 4 and intron 5 in one patient with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy. The nucleotide substitutions in exon 4 in the patient with type 1 diabetes and that with fibrocalculous pancreatopathy occurred at codons 103 and 84 while that in exon 5 in the patient with type 1 diabetes occurred at codon 141, changing the codons from CAT to CAC, GTG to GCG, and ACT to AAT and resulting in H103H silent, V84A and T141N missense mutations, respectively. In conclusion, using PCR-SSCP and nucleotide sequence analyses, we did not find any association between abnormalities of either reg1 alpha or reg1 beta gene with any type of diabetes studied.
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PMID:No abnormalities of reg1 alpha and reg1 beta gene associated with diabetes mellitus. 1179 76

To determine the difference between alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in Japan, six patients with Ah and four patients with NASH, recently treated at our institute, were clinically and pathologically evaluated. Clinical features of the diseases differed: in NASH patients, mean age was higher, mean body mass index much higher, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher than in AH patients. The patients with NASH presented with unremarkable symptoms and signs. Abnormalities in liver function tests including prothrombin time and choline esterase were mild in NASH patients, except for the indocyanine green test. They had ALT-dominant hypertransaminasemia. AST, ALT and gamma GTP did not normalize as promptly as in AH patients after admission. However, there was no significant difference in the histological grade of fibrosis, inflammation or hepatocytic metamorphosis between NASH and AH patients. Stellate-form fibrosis was characteristic of AH, whereas pericellular and perivenular types were common in NASH patients. Focal cell necrosis was rather intense, and fatty deposits prominent, in NASH patients. However, it was difficult to histopathologically discriminate between NASH and AH patients. If AH is histologically suspected in non-alcoholic patients, the possibility of NASH should always be considered. Furthermore, even in patients with suspected simple fatty liver, a liver biopsy should be performed, especially in cases with prolonged abnormal liver function findings.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological differences between alcoholic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 1268 23


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