Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxic effects of paraquat administered to rats in drinking water for a period of 30 days were studied. Paraquat had no effect on the body weight gain or on organ weights of rats. However, microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity and cytochrome P-450 content were increased in rats given paraquat in drinking water. The obtained differences were statistically significant. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was not significantly changed with respect to control animals but a statistically changed, with respect to control animals, statistically significant decrease was established in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity of test animals compared to values obtained for control groups. Hematological data showed that paraquat caused a decrease in hemoglobin concentration and total red blood cell number, while the total white blood cell number was significantly increased compared to values obtained for control animals.
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PMID:Subacute toxicity of paraquat in rats--biochemical effects. 664 84

Sixteen athletes (11 men, 5 women), averaging 21 years of age, were studied before and after four weeks of daily exhaustive exercise (six days/week) during an endurance training course. In comparing blood chemistries before and after training, concentrations of blood glucose, total serum lipids, serum triglycerides, and serum cholesterol were significantly reduced; serum free fatty acid ( SFFA ) level was significantly increased; and serum protein and serum phospholipid concentrations remained unchanged. It was concluded that exhaustive training produces reduced blood glucose (but not clinically significant hypoglycemia) with increased fat utilization as a result of depletion of carbohydrate storage and that such training reduces the resting levels of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides. The increased hematocrit, serum Na+, and serum K+ concentrations observed were presumably due to plasma water loss from excessive perspiration. Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were increased significantly; serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum creatinine showed no significant changes. None of the athletes showed evidences of water-electrolyte deficiency syndrome, renal dysfunction, or liver cell damage, despite a persistent mild degree of dehydration and catabolic state noted after training.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of exhaustive training of athletes. 674 92

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of catecholamine on the myocardium reperfused after hypothermic global ischemia, by changes of hemodynamics, biochemistry and ultrastructure. Under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at flow rate 80 ml/kg/min., the aorta was clamped for 60 min. at 28 degrees C of myocardial temperature and reperfused for 60 min. in 26 mongrel dogs. They were divided into 4 groups by infusion of physical saline solution (control), epinephrine 1 microgram/kg/min. (group 1), epinephrine 0.1 microgram/kg/min. (group 2) and dobutamine 5 micrograms/kg/min. (group 3) during reperfusion. The hemodynamic parameters and myocardial isoenzyme (m-AST, MB-CPK) of coronary sinus venous blood were measured before CPB, 30 and 60 min. after declamp. The myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), water content, tissue Ca content and fine structure with score of mitochondrial membrane and cristae were examined in epicardium and endocardium at the end of experiment. Hemodynamic parameters after declamp were higher in group 1, 2 and 3 than control (p less than 0.05). The water content and tissue Ca content in group 1 were higher than control. The ATP of endocardium was lowest but CP was no significant difference among four groups. The mitochondrial score in group 1 was lower than control. These data suggest that epinephrine and dobutamine increase hemodynamics and tissue Ca content on the reperfused myocardium following 60 min. of hypothermic global ischemia, but they do not improve depletion of ATP and disruption of myocardial ultrastructure. High dose of epinephrine accentuates ischemic damage of reperfused myocardium after hypothermic global ischemia.
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PMID:[Effect of catecholamine on reperfused myocardium following hypothermic global ischemia]. 674 11

Groups of four 6- to 12-month-old male goats were injected intraruminally with a lethal dose (3 mg/kg of body weight) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Drugs were administered parenterally before (pretreatment) or beginning 8 hours after goats were doses with AFB1. These drugs were phenobarbital (PB), phenylbutazone (PBZ), piperonyl butoxide (PRO), benzoflavones, water, and 5% glucose solution (D5W). Most groups given the drugs after AFB1 was administered also were given intraperitoneal injections of methionine-sodium thiosulfate (MET-TS) solution. Clinical signs of toxicosis, serum aspartate aminotransferase activities, serum bilirubin concentrations, duration of illness, mortality, and gross and microscopic pathologic findings taken together indicated that toxicosis was increased with MET-TS + PB therapy, PBZ pretreatment, PBZ therapy, benzoflavone pretreatment, benzoflavone therapy, MET-TS + benzoflavone therapy, and MET-tS + water therapy. Toxicosis was not altered appreciably by MET-TS + PBO therapy. Beneficial effects (less severe toxicosis) were produced by PB pretreatment; these effects were prolonged maintenance of strength, vigor, and appetite and (in 1 goat that recovered) absence of pathologic changes or serum bilirubin increase. Therapy with MET-TS + D5W (but not MET-TS alone) also lengthened maintenance of strength, vigor, and appetite, but did not prevent pathologic changes. The beneficial effect of MET-TS therapy reported in a previous study (AFB2 dosage of 4 mg/kg) was not observed with the 3 mg/kg lethal dose. In conclusion, therapy for acute aflatoxicosis with inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes is ineffective (PBO) or contraindicated (PB, PBZ, benzoflavones). Therapy with D5W may be a useful adjunct to other therapeutic drugs, but multiple intraperitoneal injections of D5W may decrease survival time because of stress.
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PMID:Effect of some enzyme inducers, fluids, and methionine-thiosulfate on induced acute aflatoxicosis in goats. 680 46

Male New Zealand White rabbits were treated with microsomal enzyme inducers, inhibitors of hemoprotein synthesis or action, and glutathione precursor and depletor before they were orally given the median lethal dose (LD50) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 0.4 mg/kg) at the start of a 7-day experimental period. The drugs administered, mean duration of illness (hours), and survival percentage were as follows: controls (saline solution)-85, 50%; phenobarbital (PB)-100, 100%; phenylbutazone-115, 67%; benzoflavone-39, 17%; stanozolol-67, 67%; cobaltous chloride (CoCl2)-46, 67%; piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-88, 100% cysteine (CYS)-68, 100%; ethyl maleate-71, 83%. Signs of toxicosis included decreased feed and water consumption, weight loss, dehydration, lethargy, and emaciation; some rabbits died or were euthanatized. Clinico-pathologic changes included increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity by 24 hours and bilirubin concentration by 48 to 72 hours after AFB1 was given. Grossly, livers were pale or tan and friable, with prominent lobular architecture. Kidneys of affected rabbits were pale to dark red. Microscopically, livers were normal or had lesions as great as extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, mineralization, and bile duct proliferation. Treatment of rabbits with PB, CoCl2, PBO, and CYS protected against AFB1 hepatic pathology, and PB, PBO, and CYS also had protective effect against lethality. Ethyl maleate provided some protection against lethality and increased serum AST activity and bilirubin concentration. Toxicosis was enhanced by benzoflavone; phenylbutazone and stanozolol had litte influence.
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PMID:Effect of enzyme inducers and inhibitors and glutathione precursor and depleter on induced acute aflatoxicosis in rabbits. 680 67

1. Plasma levels of L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AST) were estimated in Hereford cattle, 1 month to 12 years of age, kept under range conditions and in a group of Hereford x Angus cows kept on the same range. 2. Plasma levels of AST were estimated in a group of Crossbred cows and their calves fed a constant diet and kept in individual pens in the same geographic area as the Herefords. 3. Seasonal changes in mean plasma AST were observed in the Herefords corresponding with the change from dry winter grasses/hay and well water to fresh spring and summer grasses and slough water. No seasonal changes were observed in the Crossbreds given a constant dry diet and city water. 4. Plasma AST increased with age in calves 1 to 12 months of age in the Herefords but not in the Crossbreds. Mean plasma AST did not change with age in any of the adult cattle studied. 5. Small increases in plasma AST corresponding to increases in ambient temperature above - 12 degrees C were observed in the Crossbreds. 6. An increase in plasma AST was observed near the time of first ovulation in the confined cows. 7. No relationship could be demonstrated between plasma AST and sex, breed or time to parturition in the range cattle. Breed differences were observed in the Crossbred cows.
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PMID:Sources of normal variation of plasma l-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in Hereford range cattle. 682 16

Gentamicin sulfate at dosage levels of 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight was administered twice daily IV to red-tailed hawks. Clinical signs, water consumption, and changes in blood chemical values were monitored. Tissues were examined grossly and ultrastructurally, using light and electron microscopy. Clinical signs of weakness and apnea were attributed to gentamicin-induced neuromuscular blockade in the 20-mg/kg group. Serum values of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, albumin, and uric acid increased in some birds. There was a decrease in periodic acid-Schiff staining of proximal tubular brush borders. Increased numbers of cytoplasmic lysosomes, many of which contained myelin figures, in renal epithelial cells were seen at the ultrastructural level. All birds given 20 mg/kg died. Both dosage levels were considered toxic in red-tailed hawks.
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PMID:Toxicity of gentamicin in red-tailed hawks. 688 67

Turkey poults were fed diets containing oosporein at concentrations of 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 micrograms/g from hatching until three weeks of age. Low feed consumption resulted in poor growth rates at every dietary level of oosporein; however, a dose-related increase in water consumption was observed. The most significant effect of dietary oosporein was severe visceral and articular gout, with death ensuing in 24 and 52% of the poults at the 1,000 and 1,500 micrograms/g levels, respectively. Gout and mortality were absent at 0 and 500 micrograms/g. In addition to tissue urate deposition, necropsies revealed dehydration, swollen pale kidneys, hemorrhagic proventriculitis with mucosal necrosis, gizzard enlargement and lining discoloration, an increase in gall bladder size, and focal hepatic necrosis. The relative weights of the kidney, liver, proventriculus, gizzard, and pancreas were increased in a dose-related fashion; spleen and bursa weights were unaffected. Among plasma constituents, uric acid, urea, and the activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase were elevated in response to dietary oosporein; albumin, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium were decreased. The toxin had no effect on plasma total protein, sodium, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, or creatine phosphokinase. These data substantiate the original classification of oosporein as a nephrotoxin and etiologic agent of gout in avian species.
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PMID:Oosporein-toxicosis in the turkey poult. 709 45

In 38 subjects, 24-h food-and-water deprivation during the Jewish fast day, Tisha b'Av, led to a 2.5-fold increase in plasma free fatty acids and to a doubling of the bilirubin concentration. There were also significant increases in serum sodium, chloride, total proteins, albumin, uric acid, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activity. Serum glucose and triglycerides decreased in concentration. There were no changes in concentrations of urea, potassium, cholesterol or calcium. The marked increases in free fatty acids might constitute a hazard for those with impaired myocardial function.
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PMID:Effect of 24-hour food-and-water deprivation on biochemical variables in blood. 709 42

Two-week-old Diamond White poults were deprived of food, water, or food and water (food/water) for up to 3 days to estimate the effects of anorexia similar to that observed in parasitic infections. The weight loss of poults deprived of water for 48 hr was approximately the same as those deprived of feed. Loss of heart and pancreas weight was proportional to the loss of body weight, but moisture levels in the hearts of feed-deprived poults increased significantly by 24 hr. In contrast, moisture levels in the pancreas of poults in all three deprived groups decreased significantly by 24 hr; the pancreases were blanched and granular after 48 hr of feed deprivation. Packed red blood-cell volumes increased significantly by 48 hr in water- and feed/water-deprived poults and by 72 hr in the feed-deprived group. Plasma carotenoid and plasma aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) levels of deprived birds did not differ significantly from controls. Plasma total proteins were significantly decreased in feed-deprived poults by 72 hr, significantly increased in water-deprived poults, and unchanged in poults deprived of feed and/or water were not marked; therefore, even the severe anorexia sometimes associated with parasitic infections in turkeys probably would not appreciably effect the measurements of these parameters.
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PMID:Effect of feed and water deprivation on organ and blood characteristics of young turkeys. 710 65


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