Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared delta and "rate" check methods for 12 selected chemistry tests. Rate checks were determined by dividing delta checks by inter-specimen interval time. The delta and rate check methods were based on differences and percent change of untransformed and absolute value-transformed values. The distribution of delta differences was not symmetrical for calcium, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or phosphorus, which led to different check limits between untransformed and absolute value-transformed methods. The dispersion of rate checks was large. The interval time between two consecutive tests was multimodal, which probably reflected adherence to fixed testing protocols.
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PMID:Rate and delta checks compared for selected chemistry tests. 316 5

The pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled Androctonus amoreuxi venom and its lethal fraction was studied in rabbits. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of labelled A. amoreuxi, Leisurus quinquestriatus and Buthotus judaicus venoms were carried out in guinea-pigs. The pharmacokinetics of A. amoreuxi venom was also studied in rats. Groups of rats were injected with labelled A. amoreuxi venom and killed at frequent time intervals for the determination of the relative tissue venom concentration as a function of time. Several groups of rabbits were injected with A. amoreuxi venom and serial blood samples withdrawn at time intervals comparable with those used in the pharmacokinetic studies for the determination of serum glucose, insulin, cortisol, total proteins, albumin, globulins, cholesterol, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, bicarbonate, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. The packed cell volume, and total and differential leucocyte counts were also determined. In another series of experiments continuous monitoring of the electrocardiograms of rabbits following venom injection was made to correlate any abnormalities with tissue venom concentration. All three venoms and the lethal fraction showed an open two-compartment behaviour with rapid distribution half-lives ranging between 4 and 7 min and overall elimination half-lives of 4.2 to 13.4 hr. The behaviour of A. amoreuxi venom was not markedly different in the three species of animals used. In a given species (guinea-pigs) the behaviour of the three venoms was not markedly different. Correlation of the ECG changes with cardiac venom concentration showed that arrhythmias and infarction occurred at times when cardiac concentration was very low, indicating that the cardiac abnormalities might result from indirect factors. Comparison of the course of the biochemical changes with venom concentration in the central compartment indicated that the site of action of the venom is not located in the central compartment. Correlation of the intensity of the biochemical effects with venom concentration in the peripheral compartment revealed an apparent delay in the onset and peak of action. This was explained by assuming that the tissue compartment could be divided into a rapidly accessible and a slowly accessible compartment with the venom acting through the slowly accessible compartment. There was also the possibility of the venom acting indirectly through the release of other substances or transformation to an intermediate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Are the toxicological effects of scorpion envenomation related to tissue venom concentration? 329 64

Reference (normal) values for 12 blood serum components were determined for 48 Shorthorn cows (2-10 years old) and their 48 calves, 357 crossbred cows (12-14 years old), 36 feedlot bulls and 36 feedlot steers. In addition, hemoglobin, hematocrit, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and cortisol levels were determined for the crossbred cows, and feedlot bulls and steers. Reference values were tabulated according to sex, age and stage of lactation. Serum concentrations of urea, total protein and bilirubin, and serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase increased with age (P less than 0.05), while calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased with age (P less than 0.05) from birth to the age of ten years. The Shorthorn cows had the highest levels of glucose at parturition (P less than 0.05) with decreasing levels during lactation. Creatinine concentration decreased during lactation and increased during postweaning. Both lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels increased (P less than 0.05) during lactation. Urea and uric acid were present at higher concentrations in lactating than nonlactating cows (P less than 0.05). The values reported, based on a wide age range and large number of cattle, could serve as clinical guides and a basis for further research.
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PMID:Reference values of blood parameters in beef cattle of different ages and stages of lactation. 334 6

We establish that, for the analytes aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, phosphorus, and potassium, there is significant correlation between laboratory performance as determined by College of American Pathologists-sponsored external (Surveys) and expanded internal (regional) quality control (Quality Assurance Service) programs. However, relatively low parametric and nonparametric correlation coefficients and significant departure of linear regression slopes from unity reflect major differences in the calculated parameters of absolute bias, precision, and total error obtained through internal and external quality control. Significantly better performance in both Surveys and the Quality Assurance Service was documented for laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists Laboratory Accreditation Program. Multiple descriptors of laboratory quality, as indicated here, are superior in describing laboratory performance to proficiency testing alone. As a bridge between external and internal quality control, shared pools of quality control materials are described for use as unknown Survey challenges and subsequent distribution for regional quality control. Such programs, which can be configured to serve thousands of laboratories, could offer cost savings, better quality assurance, and improved characterization of laboratory performance by minimizing interprogram differences in control matrix and method classification and providing greater reliability of target values.
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PMID:Multiprogram characterization of laboratory bias, precision, and total error. Proposal for improved assessment with shared external and expanded internal (regional) quality control pools. 335 48

Chemical parameters comprising urea and creatinine nitrogen, cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+), chloride, phosphorus, protein, cholesterol and enzymes, aminotransferases, alkaline and prostatic acid phosphatases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were ascertained for semen from groups A (vasectomized), B (oligospermic), and C (normospermic) men, 19 to 55 years of age. Of the parameters, the vasectomized group underwent definite depressions in potassium ion, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase as compared with the normospermic group; the last three enzymes and, possibly, the urea-creatinine ratio were decreased for the oligospermic group vs. the normospermic men. In the comparison of groups A and B, only the decrements in alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically significant. In corroboration of past reports, CK-BB comprised the main isoenzyme of semen creatine kinase.
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PMID:Enzymatic and electrolytic profiles of human semen. 337 44

The progression of aflatoxicosis was evaluated in growing crossbred barrows given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed for 28 days (6 to 10 weeks of age). On day 28, pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, and tissues were removed for histologic examination. Body weight gains were decreased in barrows fed 2 mg of AF/kg after 7 days and in barrows fed 1 mg of AF/Kg after 14 days. By 28 days, all barrows fed AF had decreased body weights and weight gains. Compared with decreased in all barrows fed AF. Neither liver weights nor bone ash values were altered, although liver lipid values were increased in barrows fed AF. Serum aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased in barrows fed AF, whereas creatine kinase activity was decreased. Aflatoxin diets resulted in decreases in serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, phosphorus, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Histologic alterations in liver included interlobular fibrosis, periportal lipidosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and periportal lymphocytic infiltration. Lymphocytes in the thymus were depleted, and numbers of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow were reduced. The frequency and severity of lesions increased with increased doses of AF.
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PMID:Progression of aflatoxicosis in growing barrows. 337 6

The evaluation is based on 1329 blood samples from 199 farms using the offer of a fertility and feeding advisory programme. Total bilirubin, AST (GOT), GLDH, glucose, urea, inorganic phosphorus, and beta-carotene served as parameters. Considerable variations of all the parameters depending on the lactation level could be demonstrated. The problem of standardisation is discussed. Increased total bilirubin values (acute metabolic stress) often occurred one or two weeks post partum (26.9% of the cows). During lactation, the marginal value was exceeded by 24.6% of the cows. AST (GOT) values beyond the standard were seen in 19.4-30.1% of the cows, depending on the lactation level. These liver diseases were verified by a 25.5% increase in GLDH-values. Hypoglycaemic cows ranged between 18.5 and 28.5%. Oversupply of proteins shows a decreasing tendency (25.7%). During the winter months the beta-carotene supply is still a problem, with 40% of the cows not reaching the standard values.
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PMID:[Evaluation of blood parameters from dairy cow stock with fertility disorders]. 344 12

Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, total magnesium, total calcium, iron, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined in serum specimens collected from 53 free-ranging mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula) during live capture using nets. Considerable variations in the concentrations of the enzymes ALP, LDH, CK, GGT and AST were found as well as in the concentrations of creatinine, bilirubin and iron. This wide variation in results seriously questions the usefulness of similar blood investigations on heterogenous groups of mechanically restrained animals.
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PMID:Blood chemical and electrolyte concentrations in the mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula. 350 6

Concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, total calcium, total magnesium, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, cortisol as well as the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined in serum specimens collected from 100 free-ranging warthogs Phacochoerus aethiopicus within five minutes after they were killed with a shotgun. Average concentrations for the following chemical constituents were found: sodium (145 mmol l-1), potassium (8.6 mmol l-1), chloride (102.5 mmol l-1), phosphorus (2.31 mmol l-1), calcium (2.93 mmol l-1), magnesium (1.23 mmol l-1), albumin (26.4 g l-1), serum proteins (62.2 g l-1), cholesterol (1.82 mmol l-1) and urea (8.74 mmol l-1). The cortisol concentrations ranged from 55-340 nmol l-1 (n = 30). Wide variations were recorded in the concentration of creatinine as well as in the activities of the various enzymes.
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PMID:Blood chemical parameters in the warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus. 350 7

Serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, urea, creatinine, total calcium, ionised calcium, total magnesium, sodium chloride, potassium, phosphorus, cortisol, parathormone, 25-hydroxy-VitD3 and insulin as well as the results of haematological investigations in Cape vultures (n = 10) are presented.
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PMID:Serum biochemical and haematological parameters in the Cape vulture Gyps coprotheres. 350 9


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