Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three hundred patients with acute pancreatitis have been studied. Pancreatitis was associated with alcoholism in 207, biliary tract disease in 51 and other conditions in 42. Twenty-two patients died, and an additional 34 patients required more than one week of treatment in the intensive care unit. Retrospective analysis of the first 100 patients identified 11 objective findings which correlated with the occurrence of serious illness or death. They were, on admission, age over 55 years, blood glucose level over 200 milligrams per cent, white blood count over 16,000 per cubic millimeter, serum lactic dehydrogenase level over 350 International units per liter and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase level over 250 Sigma Frankel units per cent. During the initial 48 hours of therapy, the findings were hematocrit value decrease over 10 percentage points, serum calcium level below 8 milligrams per cent, base deficit over 4 milli-equivalents per liter, a blood urea nitrogen level increase over 5 milligrams per cent, estimated fluid sequestration over 6 liters and arterial oxygen tension less than 60 millimeters of mercury. Prospective application of these signs in the latter 200 patients permitted the accurate early identification of those with severe pancreatitis. Only one of 162 patients with fewer than three of these early features was seriously ill or died, while 24 of 38 patients with three or more early positive findings were seriously ill or died. The objective early identification of patients with severe pancreatitis permits more vigorous management of this group and also provides a basis for the selection of patients for the evaluation of proposed improved therapies. Percutaneous peritoneal dialysis in severe pancreatitis was evaluated in ten patients, with three or more positive early signs, who were randomly assigned to dialysis or continued conventional care. Morbidity was strikingly reduced in patients who underwent dialysis, and while death or more than nine days of intensive care occurred in two of five patients who did not receive dialysis, all five patients having dialysis recovered after fewer than nine days of intensive care treatment. Serious illness or death occurred in 31 of the first 100 patients but in only 26 of the more recent 200 patients. There has been a similar fall in mortality from 15.0 to 3.5 per cent. Factors which may contribute to this improvment include the objective early identification of patients with severe disease, the avoidance of early laparotomy whenever practical, the prolongation of nasogastric suction until all evidence of pancreatic inflammation has resolved, careful monitoring of respiratory function and early treatment of pulmonary complications and peritoneal dialysis in patients with severe disease.
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PMID:Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. 94 Oct 75

The effects of intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin were studied in eight mature lactating cows. Three cows were studied following intrammary infection with E. coli. Significant clinical findings are presented. Significant clinico-pathological findings include leukopenia, decreased blood serum calcium concentrations and increased levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and serum ornithine-carbamyl transferase. Significant elevations of plasma corticosteroids were also noted.
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PMID:Clinical and clinico-pathological effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin in mature cattle. 108 61

1. The effects of protein concentration and ionic strength on the adsorption of the individual glycolytic enzymes to F-actin and F-actin--trypomyosin--troponin have been studied. 2. Appreciable association was demonstrated under conditions of physiological ionic strength and high protein concentration, and tropomyosin--troponin established as an important and generalized component of these interactions. 3. Phosphofructokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase were strongly bound under these conditions, while triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and hexokinase displayed less adsorption to the structural proteins. 4. The influence of a number of parameters on the adsorption phenomena was examined. Ca2+ and fructose 1,6-diphosphate increased the adsorption of aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase, while decreasing the adsorption of the enzymes of the constant-proportion group. 5. Of the other major enzymic components of skeletal muscle, creatine kinase, adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase showed no adsorption to F-actin--tropomyosin--troponin under the experimental conditions. Some adsorption was evident, however, in the case of aspartate aminotransferase, (NADP) isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase. 6. These results have been discussed in relation to their functional significance and the roles of enzyme compartmentation in the cell.
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PMID:On the association of glycolytic enzymes with structural proteins of skeletal muscle. 111 88

The effects of treating adult wethers with 2 or 4 mg of coumaphos/kg of body weight each day for 6 days were investigated. The smaller dose produced a gradual decrease of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (to maximum average reduction of approximately 45%), but without the appearance of signs of toxicosis. The larger dose appeared to be toxic. Treatment with the drug did not seem to alter significantly the anticholinesterase effects of a 2nd treatment made 6 weeks later. Coumaphos did not significantly affect serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) or isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) and concentrations of serum sodium and plasma calcium. A marked decrease in blood serum potassium and an increase in plasma magnesium occurred in all wethers that died after treatment with coumaphos, whereas appreciable changes did not occur in the survivors of the treatment given 6 weeks earlier. Treatment of sheep with an intravenous injection of the organophosphorous compound trichlorfon, insufficient to produce a significant effect on erythrocyte cholinesterase activity, produced additive effects with those of coumaphos.
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PMID:Repeated oral administration of coumaphos in sheep: effects on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and other constituents. 111 26

The intra-subject correlations of three clinically meaningful combinations of serum constituents--(a) potassium, calcium, and albumin; (b) urea, creatinine, and uric acid; and (c) aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase--were studied in 11 healthy men. Duplicate serum samples were obtained at 800 h, 1100 h, and 1400 h on five different days. All assays were performed on the AutoChemist Multichannel Analyzer. Correlation coefficients differed significantly among the subjects for the following six pairs of serum constituents: urea and creatinine, urea and uric acid, creatinine and uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Nonbiological positive correlation between analytical errors (i.e., errors of two different assays performed on the same specimen) was demonstrated for two of the pairs: potassium and calcium, and aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. The error correlations of these two pairs of constituents comprised a significant component of the observed intra-subject correlations. Probable reasons for these analytical error correlations are discussed.
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PMID:Correlation of selected serum constituents: 1. Inter-individual variation and analytical error. 116 87

Biochemical variables have been measured in a group of volunteers during and after a long-distance run. Plasma glucose levels remained relatively constant and a significant decrease in plasma bicarbonate was noted. Plasma sodium, chloride, total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant increased of an order compatible with water losses occurring during the run. Plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate and bilirubin all show much more marked and variable increases. The plasma enzymes alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase likewise increased significantly throughout the run. Whilst most constituents showed a tendency to return to normal at 20-30 hours after the run, gross increases were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase.
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PMID:The effect of long-distance running on some biochemical variables. 119 11

The operational characteristics of the Gilford System 3500 were evaluated for six months as to accuracy, precision, carry-over, reliability, and ease of operation. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison to manual methods of established accuracy. The tests evaluated and their respective correlation coefficients are as follows: glucose (0.99), blood urea nitrogen (0.99), calcium (0.97), total bilirubin (0.99), aspartate aminotransferase (0.97), alkaline phosphatase (0.98), albumin (0.96), and total protein (0.96). Within-run precision (CV) for three commercial calibration sera of differing analyte concentrations (low, intermediate, and high) were respectively: 0.69, 1.02, 1.18; 5.4, 1.2, 1.09; 0.83, 0.77, 0.86; 5.9, 1.0, 0.86; 6.4, 5.2, 2.1; 3.7, 1.5, 1.3; 0.0, 1.4, 0.97; and 1.2, 1.3, 0.75. Day-to-day precision, similarly evaluated during 101-164 days, met accepted criteria for clinically acceptable precision. Carry-over for each of the eight tests was less than 1%. Instrument reliability has been excellent, and training time is short. In summary, we have found the Gilford System 3500 to be sufficiently precise and fast, easy to operate, highly accurate, and flexible.
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PMID:Evaluation of a discrete-sample computer-directed clinical analyzer. 124 22

Blood samples were collected from 91 rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa), immediately after being shot. Serum mean biochemical values from shot deer are presented for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus. Mean total protein and albumin increased with age. There was an age-associated increase of gamma globulins. Mean creatine kinase activity and creatinine, albumin and phosphorus concentrations were higher in stags than in hinds. Pregnant hinds had lower mean creatine kinase activity and phosphorus and higher mean alanine aminotransferase and total protein than non-pregnant hinds. Mean calcium concentration increased when deer were agitated before bleeding.
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PMID:Serum biochemical values of rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in New Caledonia. 128 72

The critical difference, which may help to judge whether the difference between two consecutive analytical results may be safely ascribed to natural variation or not, was calculated for 12 clinical chemical components determined in blood samples collected once a week for 5 consecutive weeks from 19 clinically healthy Red Danish dairy cows. For each clinical chemical component, the total variance of the analytical results was divided into the component of variance between cows (S2Inter), the component of variance for weeks within cows (S2Intra) and the component of variance for measurements (S2Anal) using nested analysis of variance. The critical difference calculated in absolute values from S2Intra and S2Anal was 0.15 mu kat per 1 for alanine aminotransferase, 0.55 mu kat per 1 for aspartate aminotransferase, 0.57 mu kat per 1 for alkaline phosphatase, 0.14 mu kat per 1 for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 1.95 mu kat per 1 for creatine kinase, 2.23 mmol per 1 for urea, 22 mu mol per 1 for creatinine, 2.4 g per 1 for albumin, 10.0 g per 1 for serum protein Total, 0.71 mmol per 1 for glucose, 0.54 mmol per 1 for calcium and 0.25 mmol per 1 for magnesium. These critical differences may be used as guidelines to evaluate the difference between two consecutive analytical results in cows. However, the analytical results should not be assessed by the critical differences alone, but should also be compared with the corresponding reference intervals.
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PMID:Critical differences of clinical chemical components in blood from Red Danish dairy cows based on weekly measurements. 129 85

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of dietary aflatoxin (3.5 micrograms/g), ochratoxin A (2.0 micrograms/g), and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS, .5%) was used to evaluate the individual and combined effects of these treatments. There were six replicate pens of 10 broilers per pen for each of the eight treatments. The broilers were maintained on these treatments from 1 day to 3 wk of age with feed and water available for ad libitum intake. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin A each significantly decreased body weight, serum protein, albumin, and cholesterol and increased the relative weight of the liver, kidney, and proventriculus. Aflatoxin increased the relative weight of the heart and decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and ochratoxin A increased serum uric acid. The toxicity resulting from the combination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A was more severe than when either of these mycotoxins were present alone. Addition of HSCAS alone did not alter any of the parameters evaluated. The HSCAS reduced the toxicity of aflatoxin, but had little effect on either the toxicity of ochratoxin A alone or the toxicity resulting from the combination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A.
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PMID:Efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the individual and combined toxicity of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. 131 50


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