Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) in hepatic tissue from extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). Liver biopsy samples were obtained at time of portoenterostomy from 49 infants ages 1.1 to 20.7 months (median 2.1) with EHBA. Samples were dry ashed and analyzed by flame (Zn) or flameless (Cu and Mn) atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hepatic Cu concentrations are physiologically elevated at birth and decline rapidly during the first 2 month of life, therefore only samples from 29 infants, ages greater than 8 weeks were considered for Cu. Concentrations (mg/kg dry weight, mean and range) were: Zn 142 (70-507), Cu 204 (19-570), Mn 9.1 (2.8-21.8) vs. literature controls in the same age range: Zn 262 (82-543), Cu 92, Mn 4.3 (3.3-11.5). No correlations were found between serum alkaline phosphatase, AST or total bilirubin and hepatic trace element concentrations, between trace element concentrations and age, or between Cu and Mn. Decreased bile flow with intrahepatic cholestasis may result in hepatic accumulation of Mn as well as Cu. The low hepatic Zn concentrations indicate the need for further study of Zn metabolism in this population.
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PMID:Hepatic concentrations of zinc, copper and manganese in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia. 884 56

A vector system, based on copper controllable gene expression, has been developed to give control over place as well as time of expression of an introduced gene. This system consists of two elements: (1) the yeast ace1 gene encoding a metallo-regulatory transcription factor, ACE1, under control of either an organ-specific or a constitutive promoter; and (2) a gene of interest under control of a chimaeric promoter consisting of the 46 bp TATA fragment of the CaMV 35S RNA promoter linked to four repeats of the ACE1 binding site. The functioning of the system in an organ-specific manner was tested in nodulated Lotus corniculatus plants which consisted of non-transformed shoots plus transformed hairy root tissue 'wild-type tops/transgenic roots'. After addition of copper ions to the plant nutrient solution, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression was visualized either specifically in nodules or in both roots and nodules when the ace1 gene was placed under control of the nod45 promoter or the CaMV 35S RNA promoter, respectively. The nodule-specific system was used to express antisense constructs of aspartate aminotransferase-P2 in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants. When expression was induced by the addition of copper ions to the plant nutrient solution aspartate aminotransferase-P2 activity declined dramatically, and a decrease of up to 90% was observed in nodule asparagine concentration.
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PMID:A system for tissue-specific copper-controllable gene expression in transgenic plants: nodule-specific antisense of aspartate aminotransferase-P2. 886 92

We describe a series of studies on the contribution of laboratory medicine to the differential diagnosis of clinically confounding diseases in the field of chronic hepatobiliary diseases. Ascitic cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), selected by multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) from a multitude of serum and ascitic analytes, correctly classified 100% of patients with malignant ascites or non-malignant ascites. In addition, ascitic pseudouridine differentiated hepatocarcinoma (HC) from cirrhotic ascites with a diagnostic effectiveness (overall discrimination power) of 90%. A panel of analytes constituted by serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the GGT isoenzyme complexed with low- and very low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, copper, hepatic alkaline phosphatase (AP), the LD-5 isoenzyme and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), selected by the MDA, correctly classified 93% of about 200 cases of cirrhosis or HC. Finally, MDA also identified an equation, based on serum values of the LD-4/LD-5 and carcinoembryonic antigen/AFP ratios, AP and iron that correctly classified 96% of HC or secondary liver neoplasia cases in 100 patients. This approach based on panels of analytes selected by a sophisticated statistical analysis is a rapid and non-invasive contribution to the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease including neoplasia.
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PMID:Multivariate discriminant analysis of biochemical parameters for the differentiation of clinically confounding liver diseases. 902 25

In order to evaluate the pathogenetic role of iron in Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), the metabolism of iron was studied in 440 patient with PCT and associated chronic liver disease (CLD) and in 91 nonporphyric CLD patients (used as a control group). The parameters considered were the following: serum iron, ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) and percent saturation of transferrin. The statistical analysis showed that the differences between the means, in the two groups, were not significant in any of the parameters examined. To investigate the possible relationships between iron metabolism and other chemico-clinical parameters concerning the porphyric disease, the associated hepatic disease and hemometry, we studied the correlations between iron parameters and total urinary and serum porphyrins, serum copper, serum albumin, hemoglobin, red blood cells, ALT, AST, CHE and GLDH. This investigation was only possible in the last 99 cases. In addition to the obvious correlations between the parameters concerning iron metabolism, the highly significant (p < 0.001) correlation between ferritin and enzyme activities which indicate cytolysis (ALT, AST, GLDH) is extremely interesting. The results seem to point to the tentative conclusion that the alterations of iron metabolism are more related to the hepatocellular necrosis than to the metabolism of porphyrins.
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PMID:Iron and porphyria cutanea tarda. 907 91

Experimental liver cirrhosis was produced by administration of thioacetamide. Cirrhotic animals were divided into two groups: one group was given zinc sulphate and the second kept as cirrhotic control. Zinc-treated animals showed a restoration of normal hepatic and plasma zinc and copper levels. Similarly, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl aminotransferase, and total bilirubin decreased significantly. Light microscopic studies showed that most of the hepatocytes appeared normal in zinc-treated as compared with untreated cirrhotic animals. The amount of fibrin, reticulin, and collagen, which was high in the cirrhotic livers, decreased following zinc treatment. Staining with periodic acid Schiff's reagent showed the ability of hepatocytes to store glycogen after zinc treatment. These results revealed that zinc may have some beneficial effect in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Zinc and liver cirrhosis: biochemical and histopathologic assessment. 913 80

Eight Bonsmara bulls and eight Bonsmara heifers, having masses of between 210 and 266 kg when selected, were randomly allocated to four groups, each comprising two bulls and two heifers. Group 1 received 0.6 mg of copper (Cu)/kg of body mass per day (bm/d), group 2, 10 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d and group 3, 20 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d as a copper sulphate solution, given orally, 5 d a week over 745 d. Group 4 was the control group. One bull from group 3 was euthanased on day 679 of the trial, a heifer from group 3 and a bull from group 2, on day 695 of the trial, and a heifer from group 2, on day 731 of the trial, after they had shown clinical signs. During the course of the trial, clinical signs, serum gamma glutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma copper, zinc and iron concentrations were monitored. Live mass was recorded weekly to determine any effect on mass gain. The liver and kidney copper, zinc, iron and managanese concentrations at the time of death or slaughter are given. From the results it was concluded that subclinical damage to the liver and eventual copper toxicity can occur when cattle are continually exposed to oral doses > or = 12 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d. It was also concluded that cattle can probably tolerate oral doses of < or = 0.6 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d for an indefinite period, provided there are no other sources of copper, such as may occur with air-pollution, or provided no other adverse mineral interactions occur, such as may occur with molybdenum deficiency.
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PMID:Experimentally induced chronic copper toxicity in cattle. 917 59

Fourteen Suffolk rams (6 mo) were diagnosed with chronic copper poisoning. Preliminary results indicated that a combination of serum aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, and copper could be used as a test so that high risk lambs could be treated more aggressively.
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PMID:Copper toxicity in confinement-housed ram lambs. 926 59

An attempt was made to study the effect of taurine on the toxicity of copper in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into eight groups and fed different diets with or without supplement of 5% taurine and 150-600 ppm copper for 2 months. It was found that the levels of copper and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, and the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the plasma of rats were increased with the increasing dose of copper. However, the levels of copper and MDA, and the enzyme activities of AST and ALT in the rats fed with supplement of taurine were significantly lower than in the rats fed without supplement of taurine. The level of copper in the faeces of rats treated with taurine and copper was higher than that of rats treated with copper alone. It indicated that taurine might play a role in reducing the toxic effect of copper in rats.
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PMID:Effect of taurine on toxicity of copper in rats. 960 96

Copper sulfate is one of the most widely used algicides for the control of phytoplankton in lakes, reservoirs, and ponds. It is also used for aquatic weed control. To study the toxic effects of copper on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), toxicity tests were carried out. Fish recovery in copper-free water was followed. After a 14-day period of exposure to five concentrations of copper sulfate (0.25-4.0 mg/L CuSO4, values ranging from approximately 5 to 70% of the 96-h LC-50) and a recovery period of the same duration, activities of the functional enzymes alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood serum and gills were determined. Because the gills are the known target organ for copper, changes in gill structure were investigated as well. In all exposure groups for all the enzymes studied, an increase in activity was noted after 14 days. The increase in AP activity was the most pronounced in both gills and serum of carp exposed to the highest concentration tested (4 mg/L). After a "recovery" period, compared with the end of treatment, a decrease in enzyme activities was recorded, indicating eventual recovery from the Cu-induced stress (the only exception being the ALT activity in gills in the highest CuSO4 concentration). The results of biochemical analysis were confirmed by histopathology. Lesions such as epithelial hyperplasia, curling of secondary lamellae, and changes in chloride cells were observed on the gills, and their severity increased with increased toxicant concentration. Most of the changes were reversible, as exhibited by gill histopathology after the recovery period.
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PMID:Functional enzymes activity and gill histology of carp after copper sulfate exposure and recovery. 962 35

Concentrations of 34 biochemical constituents of sera were determined on 998 randomly selected urban school children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Zagreb, Croatia. Reference intervals were obtained by using non-parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of distribution as upper and lower normal reference intervals, according to the IFCC recommendations. These were compared to reference intervals in the healthy adult population, aged 20-30 years from the same geographical area. Serum glucose, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, total serum proteins and electrophoretic fractions, and amylase, did not show age or sex differences; total serum bilirubin, total calcium, phosphate, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity, copper, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase had higher reference intervals than the adult population. Urea, creatinine, urate, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides had lower reference intervals than the adult population.
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PMID:Pediatric reference intervals for 34 biochemical analytes in urban school children and adolescents. 967 91


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