Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From a database of 93,077 in-patient admissions, patients assigned to catastrophic, very severe, moderately severe, and average 30-day mortality risk categories (as defined in Medicare Hospital Mortality Information, 1989 release, from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA] were selected for study. These admissions account for 30% of all admissions, but 70% of all deaths up to 1 year post admission. To determine whether laboratory information adds to the predictive power of the information used by HCFA, we compare the performance of 1 year survival predictors (Cox model) that use only diagnostic, demographic, and comorbidity information, with the performance of predictors that also include laboratory information. Using a separate set of patients not used for model definition, we find that laboratory data contain significant prognostic information independent of that already available in non-laboratory data. In HCFA's catastrophic disorders for example, non-laboratory information reduces the average risk of predicting a wrong outcome by 17% relative to considering only catastrophic group membership, and adding laboratory data reduces this risk by a further 21%. These improvements result primarily from considering the outcomes of a small set of routine laboratory tests (maximum BUN, AST, and WBC, and minimum CO2, hematocrit, and sodium).
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PMID:Laboratory data predicts survival post hospitalization. 175 70

In 1983 and 1984 blood was collected from 79 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) confined to an outdoor enclosure in southern Illinois to establish reference values for hematology and serum chemistry. Packed cell volume, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, calcium, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and osmolality were measured. Sex and age (adult versus juvenile) of rabbit as well as season (June to September versus October to May) and method of capture (trap versus shot) variously affected most hematology and serum chemistry variables.
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PMID:Hematology and serum chemistry of cottontail rabbits of southern Illinois. 175 30

If different analytical methods are alternatively used for the determination of the same analyte, basic differences in test methodology can give rise to an increased number of deviating results. Such coexistence of methods might be necessary, for example, during a transition phase while upgrading to new technologies. We have exemplarily investigated this topic for the comparison of solid phase chemistry ("dry chemistry") versus conventional methods ("wet chemistry"). The Kodak Ektachem 700XR clinical chemistry analyser was compared with the Hitachi 737 analyser from Boehringer Mannheim using 18 clinical chemical analytes and specimens submitted for routine analysis. Before the start of the evaluation, the Ektachem 700XR was adjusted ("calibrated") by the manufacturer for optimal agreement with the Hitachi 737. Satisfactory agreement was obtained for most investigated analytes as judged by correlation coefficients and three commonly applied regression methods (linear regression, principal components, and Passing/Bablok method). For some analytes, however, strongly deviating results were often obtained. Quality control-derived limits (maximum acceptable inaccuracy) and data from biological variation (critical differences) were used for the assessment of the inter-instrument bias for diagnosis and patient monitoring, respectively. For enzymes, 0% (amylase) to 22% (creatine kinase) of all pathologic results differed by more than the maximum acceptable analytical inaccuracy (21%-27%) of these analytes. If more stringent limits derived from biological variation were used, 24% (creatine kinase)--62% (aspartate aminotransferase) of all differences between paired measurements exceeded the critical difference for enzymes. Deviations greater than the critical differences were also marked for serum concentrations of sodium, calcium, and creatinine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Practical implications of coexistent different technologies in clinical chemical laboratories. Solid phase chemistry and conventional analysis. 152 56

Effects of administration of triflupromazine were evaluated in 11 adult domesticated camels (Camelus dromedarius) weighing 403 +/- 29.5 kg (Mean +/- SE). Six camels were used to evaluate sedative properties of the drug and its effects on haematological and blood biochemical parameters. In the remaining 5 camels, effects on haemodynamics, acid base status and blood gases were studied. In all the animals triflupromazine was administered intramuscularly in the gluteal region at the rate of 2 mg/kg. Camels voluntarily sat down 48.9 +/- 5.4 min after administration of the drug but stood up again if disturbed. Drowsiness, drooping of lower lip and salivation were evident. The animals stood on their own and started walking with ataxia after 159 +/- 7 min and recovered completely from the effect of drug within 259 +/- 23 min. The drug caused a significant tachycardia and a moderate hypotension. The decrease in central venous pressure was also significant. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, acid base status, blood gases, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, differential leukocyte count, blood urea nitrogen, plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, blood glucose and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride and inorganic phosphate were not significantly affected by triflupromazine.
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PMID:Evaluation of triflupromazine as a sedative in camels (Camelus dromedarius). 177 79

Several clinical chemical blood variables were compared, in order to evaluate the differences between Na heparinized plasma and serum samples. Samples from 45 healthy horses were used. No differences between the two sample substrates were found for aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase-isoenzymes, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea, total protein, alpha-globulin, gamma-globulin, albumin, calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). gamma-Glutamyltransferase and beta-globulin were significantly higher in heparinized plasma than in serum (each p less than 0.05) while magnesium (Mg) was lower (p less than 0.05). From the horse group used for the study, thoroughbreds in racing condition had significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, P and Mg as well as lower Ca and K values than riding horses, irrespective of the sample substrate used. It was concluded that expect for gamma-glutamyltransferase, beta-globulin and Mg, there was no significant difference between the clinical chemical variables of Na heparinized plasma and serum samples.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical chemical variables in blood plasma and serum of horses. 179 11

1. Plasma calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium and potassium concentrations, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase activities were determined in young and adult non-pregnant non-lactating, early and late non-lactating pregnant and early, mid- and late non-pregnant lactating Danish landrace goats in five herds. The purpose was to determine the influence of pregnancy and lactation on the levels of these parameters and the effect of age and parity on the changes. 2. Calcium, phosphorus, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased in late gestation. Magnesium and creatine kinase decreased in early lactating goats but increased in subsequent lactation periods. Sodium and potassium fluctuated little during pregnancy and lactation. Calcium, magnesium and potassium profiles were inversely, while phosphorus was directly, proportional to parity. 3. There were significant differences in most ions and enzymes between goats of different herds (within the same physiological state). 4. The transferases and creatine kinase were higher in young goats than in old ones, while alkaline phosphatase was unpredictably high or low in individual goats. 5. Alterations in the level of plasma electrolytes and enzyme activities occur due to pregnancy and lactation and the degree depends on age and parity, influenced also by environment.
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PMID:Influence of pregnancy, lactation and environment on some clinical chemical reference values in Danish landrace dairy goats (Capra hircus) of different parity--I. Electrolytes and enzymes. 179 83

Since the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis may elevate the serum concentration of potassium, hypokalemia as a cause of rhabdomyolysis often goes unrecognized in many instances. We undertook this study to evaluate the occurrence and determinants of rhabdomyolysis in the hypokalemic state. To identify patients with a hypokalemic state, we reviewed medical admissions for the period January 1988 through December 1989. A total of 120 patients (42 men and 78 women) were included in the present study. Thirty-eight hypokalemic patients showed biochemical evidence of rhabdomyolysis (serum creatine phosphokinase greater than 244 IU/l). The clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients with rhabdomyolysis (group I) and the hypokalemic patients without rhabdomyolysis (82 patients, group II) were compared. There was no difference in age, sex and race of the patients of group I vs. group II. The mean serum values for potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid were also not different between the two groups. The mean serum osmolality was higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with rhabdomyolysis (297.6 +/- 4.3 mosm/kg) than in those without rhabdomyolysis (283.5 +/- 5.0 mosm/kg). The levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were elevated (p less than 0.001) in group-I patients (69.6 +/- 8.4 IU/l) but not in group-II patients (36.7 +/- 3.5 IU/l). The concentrations of serum creatinine were also higher (p less than 0.05) in patients with rhabdomyolysis (1.4 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) than in those without rhabdomyolysis (1.0 +/- 0.1 mg/dl). The mean values for serum sodium were higher (p less than 0.02) in group-I patients when compared to group-II patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis. 181 66

62 specimens of cystic fluid drawn back by ultrasound guided needle-aspiration in 37 males and 25 females were evaluated biochemical analysis including magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, uric acid, total protein, sugar, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, PAP, alpha-amilasys. In our study Cl, Na and sugar showed similar concentrations in the two fluids. Uric acid, and urea were more concentrated in the cystic fluid while Mg, Ca and total protein were more pronounced in the blood. The results obtained seem to indicate that simple renal cyst could originate from glomerular proximal tubulus part of the nephron as consequence of an obstructive cause.
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PMID:[Simple renal cysts, biochemical analysis of the cystic fluid, and comparison with blood parameters]. 183 Apr 3

In the period of January 1978 to October 1988, 32 Le Veen shunts (LVS) were implanted in 20 patients, out of which 16 were alcoholic cirrhotics and 4 postnecrotic cirrhotics. In the present study, we correlated preoperative laboratory data of these patients with their postoperative evolution, comparing the clinical results of patients who survived more than 30 days (13 patients = 65%) with the results of those who died within the same period (7 patients = 35%). For that matter, 14 laboratory tests were performed in order to measure the serum levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, bilirubin, albumin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, fibrinogen, gamma GT and prothrombin activity. After statistical analysis, we observed that 6 of the 14 tests performed could be considered of prognostic value in the following decreasing order of importance: fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin activity, urea, gamma GT and bilirubin. We observed that all the 7 patients who died prematurely presented 3 or more of these levels altered, when compared with standard values. Based on these data, we concluded that serum levels of fibrinogen, alkaline phosphatase, urea, gamma GT, bilirubin and activity of prothrombin proved to be important factors in determining the prognosis of immediate survival in cirrhotic patients who underwent LVS implantation. We also concluded that when 3 or more of these factors are altered, the implant of LVS is contraindicated, whatever clinical criteria for indication and contraindication were taken into account.
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PMID:Prognostic value of preoperative tests in the surgical treatment of ascites with the implant of Le Veen shunts in cirrhotics. 184 48

Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added to the diets of growing wethers (mean body weight, 34.0 kg) and was evaluated for its ability to diminish the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 5 wethers each, consuming concentrations of 0 g of HSCAS and 0 g of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed (control; group 1); 20 g of HSCAS/kg (2.0%; group 2), 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 3); or 20 g of HSCAS (2.0%) plus 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 4). Wethers were maintained in indoor pens, with feed and water available ad libitum for 42 days. Lambs were observed twice daily and weighed weekly, and blood samples were obtained every 2 weeks for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses and for measurement of mitogen-induced lymphocyte-stimulation index. At the termination of the study, wethers were euthanatized and necropsied. Body weight gain was diminished significantly (P less than 0.05) by consumption of 2.6 mg of AF/kg of feed, whereas body weight of lambs consuming HSCAS plus AF did not differ from that of control wethers. The AF-alone treatment increased serum aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, prothrombin time, and cholesterol, uric acid, and triglyceride values and decreased albumin, glucose, and urea nitrogen values, and urea-to-creatine ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diminution of aflatoxin toxicity to growing lambs by dietary supplementation with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. 185 May 85


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