Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum chemical values were determined in cold-stressed Holstein bull calves ranging from 1 to 7 days of age. The animals were anesthetized and cold-stressed until their core body temperature (colonic) was lowered 10 C. Animals were then rewarmed in warm water, with heat pads or heat lamps, or were allowed to recover naturally (unassisted) at room temperature. Blood samples were collected at selected intervals during cooling and recovery. Increases (P less than 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, iron, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, total globulin, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and cholesterol in the cold-stressed calves during cooling. Concentrations of chloride and insulin decreased (P less than 0.05) during the same period. Changes observed in many of the serum chemical values during rewarming were generally the reverse of the respective changes that occurred during cooling, although insulin values became exceedingly high in some cases midway or near the end of recovery. Serum enzyme values also remained high during most of recovery. Data did not indicate a clear advantage of one method of rewarming over the other methods used in terms of return of the serum chemical values to normal.
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PMID:Serum chemical values in hypothermic and rewarmed young calves. 634 64

Total proteins (albumin, globulins and their fractions); carbohydrate (intravenous glucose tolerance); lipid (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids); and liver functioning (alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, bromsulfathalein retention, and serum bilirubin); were assayed in 12 Thai women who were not lactating. The tests were performed before, and 3 weeks, 3,6,9, and 12 months after the advent of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which was injected intramuscularly in 150-mg doses every 90 days. Triglyceride concentration was unchanged overall; however, mean fasting triglyceride concentration on Day 20 decreased significantly when compared with Day -33 pretreatment control (P .025). A significant increase ( P .01) in mean fasting cholesterol was demonstrated on Day 20; this, however, was thought to be caused by the high dietary lipid intake during hospitalization rather than an effect of the DMPA. In general, serum protein and lipid levels, and liver function and glucose tolerance, remained unchanged over 1 year. There was, however, a significant and persistent increase in insulin level in all subjects after initiation of hormone treatment during the first 30 minutes of intravenous glucose load. The study concludes that DMPA does not interfere with glucose tolerance, lipid and protein metabolism, or liver function during its administration.
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PMID:Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum lipids, protein, glucose tolerance and liver function in Thai women. 644 43

12 men and 12 women, classified as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load, consumed diets containing either 5, 18, or 33% sucrose in a crossover design. The diets simulated the average American diet and consisted of identical natural and processed foods with the exception of a patty. The patty provided the experimental levels of sucrose; the difference was made up by starch. Each level of sucrose was consumed for a 6-week period. Subject body weights were maintained. Fasting serum uric acid and inorganic phosphorus increased as the level of dietary sucrose increased. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher when subjects were on the 33% sucrose diet as compared to the 5 and 18% diets. Serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was not affected by diet. In tolerance tests after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight), the uric acid response was higher after the 18 and 33% sucrose diets than after the 5% sucrose diet. Serum inorganic phosphorus, which increased significantly with each level of dietary sucrose, decreased following the sucrose load. These results indicate that carbohydrate-sensitive individuals may be affected adversely by the level of sucrose commonly found in the Westernized diet. Since elevated serum uric acid and blood pressure have been identified as risk factors in degenerative diseases, this study suggests that carbohydrate-sensitive individuals should limit their sucrose consumption.
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PMID:Serum uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and blood pressure in carbohydrate-sensitive adults consuming three different levels of sucrose. 663 51

The animals examined were 30 sows after eleven or more farrowings (pluriparous sows) and 26 primiparous sows. The pluriparous animals were 75.1 months old on the average and had farrowed an average of 13.23 litters. The mean age of the primiparous sows was 12.8 months. The blood sera of pluriparous sows had higher concentrations of total protein and urea and lower levels of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) and lower aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities than those of primiparous sows. The pluriparous sows showed mild hypoglycaemia and hypocholesterolaemia. When insulin was injected i.m. in the dose of 1 I.U. per kg body mass, a decrease in blood serum glucose, total protein and potassium levels was recorded 60 min later in both pluriparous and primiparous sows; a significant rise in 11-OHCS concentration occurred only in the primiparous sows. It was concluded that the response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in pluriparous sows to an insulin load is reduced. Studies of pluriparous sows contribute to a better understanding of the ontogenetic development of pigs throughout their postnatal development.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in sows after eleven or more farrowings. 670 30

The plasma levels of corticosterone, insulin and glucagon, and the concomitant changes in the levels of several liver enzymes and metabolites were measured in intact rats in the basal state during 24 hours and under conditions of food deprivation and hypoxia. The levels of the following enzymes and metabolites were examined: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, glycogen, fructose-6-phosphate, hexokinase, tyrosine amino-transferase and tryptophan oxygenase. During food deprivation, the increased gluconeogenesis is possibly a result of glucagon activity. In contrast, however, during hypoxia the increase in gluconeogenesis seems to be a result of the higher plasma level of corticosterone. During starvation, the insulin concentration dropped steadily and came close to zero.
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PMID:Plasma concentrations of glucose, corticosterone, glucagon and insulin and liver content of metabolic substrates and enzymes during starvation and additional hypoxia in the rat. 703 Aug 99

Acute hepatic ischaemia was induced in pigs by means of a portacaval shunt with hepatic artery ligation after 24 hours. Despite significant elevation in blood ammonia, fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, cerebrospinal fluid glutamine and ammonia, and brain tissue glutamine, ammonia and tryptophan, the experimental animals remained awake and alert and indistinguishable from sham-operated controls. The molar ratio of branched-chain to aromatic amino acids fell sharply in the arterial blood, but showed a terminal attempt at compensation in muscle venous samples. Portal and muscle venous insulin levels were elevated, and glucagon values rose in all circulation segments in the experimental group. The failure to induce coma in these pigs, despite the presence of many of the classical biochemical features, suggests that the syndrome of encephalopathy comprises several stages, and that the pig may be an important model in which to define these.
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PMID:Acute hepatic ischaemia in the pig- the changes in plasma hormones, amino acids and brain biochemistry. 725 Aug 93

Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue hexokinase II is a promising candidate gene for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the association of alleles at four polymorphic loci in this gene with NIDDM and insulin resistance in 110 Finnish diabetic patients with NIDDM and in 97 Finnish control subjects with normal glucose tolerance and a negative family history of diabetes. The four polymorphic nucleotide substitutions (silent) in the coding region of the hexokinase II gene were: GAC 251 GAT (exon 7), AAC 692 AAT and CCG 736 CCC (exon 15), and CTG 766 CTA (exon 16). Allele frequencies of each of these polymorphisms did not differ between patients with NIDDM and control subjects. In addition, subjects who were homozygous for the less frequent allele of each of the four polymorphisms had a similar degree of insulin resistance, as determined by the euglycaemic clamp technique, as did the subjects who were homozygous for the common allele in both control subjects and in patients with NIDDM. In conclusion, polymorphisms in the hexokinase II gene are not associated with the risk of NIDDM or insulin resistance in the Finnish population.
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PMID:Polymorphisms of the human hexokinase II gene: lack of association with NIDDM and insulin resistance. 748 47

The hypothesis was tested that goats allowed ad libitum access to feed during the dry period develop higher post partum hepatic triacylglycerol concentrations than do goats given a restricted amount of feed during the dry period. Goats in their second or more pregnancies were either given a restricted amount of hay, maize silage and concentrate (n = 5) or had free access to this feed mixture while the composition was kept constant (n = 11). After parturition both groups were allowed ad libitum access to feed. Post partum liver triacylglycerol concentrations, as measured in liver biopsies, were significantly raised in goats allowed ad libitum access to feed during the dry period. The increase in liver triacylglycerols was associated with slightly higher plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids but lower serum 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. The feeding regimen during the dry period did not significantly influence post partum liver glycogen concentrations and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, and insulin. The increase in post partum liver triacylglycerol concentrations in the goats allowed ad libitum access to feed instead of a restricted ration during the dry period, was associated with a significant rise in serum alkaline phosphatase activities, whereas other liver function and cell damage indicators in serum, i.e. aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and bilirubin, were unchanged. Feed intake after parturition tended to be higher in the goats allowed ad libitum access to feed during the dry period but milk production was significantly raised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Liver triacylglycerol concentrations around parturition in goats with either pre-partum restricted or free access to feed. 757 Dec 80

In rats that received a low protein isocaloric diet (protein content of the diet: 8 instead of 20%) during fetal life and thereafter up to the time of sacrifice at 12-13 weeks of age, a low plasma insulin concentration, a decreased insulin content of isolated pancreatic islets, and an impaired secretory response of the islets to either D-glucose or the association of L-leucine and L-glutamine coincided, in islet homogenates, with a low activity of the mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and an abnormally high ratio between glutamate-alanine and glutamate-aspartate transaminase activities. Opposite enzymatic changes were found in liver extracts of the same rats. No obvious change in these hormonal, secretory, and enzymatic variables were observed when the period of protein deficiency was restricted to fetal life. These findings support the view that, in protein malnutrition, an impaired activity of pancreatic B-cell mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase contributes, possibly in association with other enzymatic anomalies, to the perturbation of islet function.
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PMID:Impaired activity of rat pancreatic islet mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in protein malnutrition. 775 Apr 86

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a key determinant of the fibrinolytic capacity. Its activity correlates with most of the characteristic features of insulin resistance syndrome, i.e. obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. We measured plasma PAI-1 antigen levels in 131 asymptomatic men (aged 44.2 +/- 11 years) who had been referred for hyperlipidemia. Those taking medication and those with a secondary hyperlipidemia were excluded. We confirmed the correlation between PAI-1 levels and the following variables: body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride concentration, and blood glucose and insulin levels before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. We also found a significant and independent correlation between PAI-1 and the concentration of the hepatic enzymes glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Mild liver abnormalities (presumably steatosis) may thus be one of the factors accounting for high plasma PAI-1 levels in hyperlipidemic patients.
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PMID:Relation between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and hepatic enzyme concentrations in hyperlipidemic patients. 785 96


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