Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum biochemical parameters were studied in 42 healthy wild-caught adult tamarins (S. mystax), males and females, to determine the normal values. Blood samples were drawn repeatedly, and the serum was tested for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, isocitric dehydrogenase, serum glucose, serum urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. The results indicated that serum chemistry values were similar to those reported as normal for both humans and other Callitrichidae species. The study of serum biochemical parameters in tamarins with experimental hepatitis A indicated that serum enzyme activities alone reflected the hepatic damage, while other biochemical parameters were of no real clinical importance. The experimental results showed the levels of serum urea to be indicative of the pathological involvement of the kidneys in experimental hepatitis A in some cases.
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PMID:[The biochemical indices of the blood serum in experimental hepatitis A in tamarins]. 132 56

Coccinia indica (Family: Cucurbitaceae, locally known as telakucha) leaves were extracted with 95% ethanol. Following evaporation of the solvents, the residue was suspended in distilled water. When this suspension was fed orally to male normal-fed and 48-hr starved rats, the blood glucose was lowered 21% (P less than 0.01) in normal-fed and 24% (P less than 0.001) in 48-hr starved animals respectively. Starvation had induced a 3-fold increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and this activity was depressed 19% (P less than 0.05) by extract feeding while basal activity of the enzyme in normal-fed rats remained unaffected. Consistent with the depression of glucose-6-phosphatase, urea cycle enzyme arginase was also depressed 21% (P less than 0.001) and 12% (P less than 0.01) in the liver of 48 hr-starved and normal-fed animals respectively. Unlike glucose-6-phosphatase, starvation induced levels of gluconeogenic enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by Coccinia extract. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of C. indica is partly due to the repression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic effects of Coccinia indica: inhibition of key gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. 133 43

Concentrations of serum and vitreous humor constituents at time of death, and concentrations of vitreous humor constituents at time of death and at 7 postmortem intervals were compared in 70 domestic, female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Urea nitrogen concentration was significantly (P = 0.0094) different, but was linearly correlated in serum and vitreous humor at time of death and at the 4- and 8-hour postmortem intervals. Concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase were not significantly different in serum and vitreous humor at time of death, nor were concentrations significantly different in vitreous humor at time of death and at the 4-hour postmortem interval. The vitreous humor concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, cortisol, and IgG were neither similar to nor predictive of serum constituents. Vitreous humor can be used as a source for estimates of serum urea nitrogen and gamma-glutamyltransferase up to 8 and 4 hours after death, respectively.
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PMID:Changes in vitreous humor associated with postmortem interval in rabbits. 134 7

1. The prairie dog has been used extensively for the study of gallstone genesis and gallstone dissolution therapies, and has recently been implicated in an effort to prevent total parenteral nutrition-associated cholelithiasis with intravenous chenodeoxycholate. 2. Towards this effort, it is important that a range of normal blood chemistry values be reported for the prairie dog. This paper reports the mean values for a complete blood cell count, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, liver enzymes, total bilirubin, protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipids for 45 adult prairie dogs. 3. The prairie dog has normochromic, microcytic blood with an increased number of red blood cells. The prairie dog also has a high concentration of small platelets. 4. The prairie dog has a higher CO2 concentration with a slightly increased potassium concentration than is found in man. The anion gap is 12 with a calculated serum osmolality of 316. The BUN concentration is elevated with a 3-fold increase in the AST concentration. 5. The prairie dog has lower serum values for cholesterol, VLDL and LDL cholesterol than man. In the prairie dog, HDL cholesterol consists of 67% of the total cholesterol concentration and the LDL and HDL ratio is 0.3.
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PMID:Hematologic and blood chemistry data for the prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). 135 55

Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P less than 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P less than 0.01), Ca (P less than 0.01), and Mg (P less than 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction.
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PMID:Response of blood serum constituents to production of and recovery from a kwashiorkor-like syndrome in the young pig. 135 73

The ontogeny of the biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous compounds has been mostly studied using liver cells and microsomal fractions. We have used liver perfusion for the first time to characterize the development of the total P-450 cytochrome-dependent system in the rabbit, with theophylline (TH) as tool substance. Livers of 0- to 60-day-old rabbits were perfused with TH (10 micrograms/ml) for 3 hr. Metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P-450), ATP, glutathione, and glycogen were measured in liver tissue after perfusion. Lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glucose, and urea were assayed in the medium throughout perfusion. The pharmacokinetic profile of TH was determined. The activity of total cytochrome P-450, as well as the intrinsic unbound clearance and TH metabolites production, increased following a similar sigmoidal pattern and reached a plateau around 30-45 days of the postnatal development of rabbit liver. The perfused tissue showed no signs of age-related hepatic damage or toxic effects of TH. Thus, the results in perfused liver predict its metabolic capacity during ontogenesis.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic profile of theophylline in isolated perfused liver of rabbits at different ages. Development of drug-metabolizing activity during ontogenesis. 136 34

A 28-day oral toxicity test of tetrachlorvinphos (TCV) was conducted in male and female Slc: Wistar rats by gavage at dose levels of 0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/kg/day. The male and female rats showed dose-related inhibition of serum cholinesterase activity and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. At a dose of 1000 mg/kg, body weight gain was decreased in males, and there were 6 deaths in females. Adrenal gland, liver, kidney and thyroid gland weights were increased. The adrenal lesions were characterized by vacuolization and swelling of the cortex cells. The hepatic lesions consisted of vacuolization and necrosis of the hepatocytes. The renal lesions consisted of regeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelial cells. These lesions were mostly observed at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. After a 14-day recovery period in the 1000 mg/kg group, the changes of cholinesterase, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen in serum were restored or showed a tendency toward recovery. However, the lesions in the kidney and adrenal remained. More than 14 days are therefore considered to be needed for recovery. At doses of more than 10 mg/kg, significant inhibition of the serum cholinesterase activity in both sexes, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in males, and lesions of the adrenal gland in females were observed. Target organs for TCV-treated rats were the adrenal, liver and kidney. It was concluded that the NOEL under this experimental condition is less than 10 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:[Twenty-eight-day repeated dose toxicity test for tetrachlorvinphos in Wistar rat]. 136 60

1. The hepatic metabolism of glutamine, alanine, ammonia, urea, glutathione and glucose was studied in rats made septic by caecal ligation and puncture and was compared with that in rats that had undergone sham operation (laparotomy). 2. Sepsis resulted in increases in the plasma activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (P less than 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P less than 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P less than 0.001), the serum total and direct bilirubin concentrations (P less than 0.001), and the blood lactate (P less than 0.01), glutamine (P less than 0.05), alanine (P less than 0.001) and urea (P less than 0.05) concentrations, but produced decreases in the blood ketone body (P less than 0.001) and glutathione (P less than 0.05) concentrations and in the plasma cholesterol concentration (P less than 0.05). These changes were associated with marked negative nitrogen balance in septic rats. 3. Sepsis increased total hepatic blood flow (by 22.7%) together with hepatic arterial flow (by 25.8%) and portal venous flow (by 18.7%). Sepsis resulted in marked increases in the net rates of hepatic extraction of glutamine (by 164%), alanine (by 138%) and ammonia (by 259%) with concomitant increases in the net rates of hepatic release of glutamate (by 105%), glutathione (by 87.5%), glucose (by 70.1%) and urea (by 100.4%). 4. Sepsis increased the activities of liver carbamoylphosphate synthase (by 16.4%), ornithine transcarbamylase (by 29.8%), argininosuccinate synthase (by 28.1%) and arginase (by 33.8%). 5. Septic rats exhibited marked increases in hepatic protein (by 46.0%), RNA (by 43.4%) and DNA (by 37.7%) contents. These changes were accompanied by marked increases in the activity of thymidine kinase (by 35.9%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatic glutamine metabolism in the septic rat. 137 98

We assessed the analytical performance of the Axon system (Bayer Diagnostici), according to the European Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines, for assay of 12 analytes: cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, sodium, and potassium. The field evaluation lasted approximately 5 months and involved the collection of approximately 10,000 data points with the Axon. The following results were obtained: The highest CVs for controls and human sera at different concentration/activity values were 2.2% for within-run imprecision (n = 60; 3 days, pooled estimate) and 3.5% for the between-day imprecision (n = 20 days). Close correlation was found with results for patients' specimens assayed with comparative instruments (Hitachi 717 for substrates and enzymes, Beckman Synchron EL/E4A for electrolytes). No drift was observed during 8 h of operation. The linearity range was broad, sometimes exceeding the manufacturer's claims. No sample-, reagent-, or cuvette-related carryover was found. Measurement of control sera gave results within +/- 5% of the assigned values. We conclude that good reliability and practicability make the Axon system suitable for laboratories with various needs.
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PMID:Axon clinical chemistry analyzer evaluated according to ECCLS protocol. 139 98

Beckman aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid Liquid Reagents for Synchron CX 4/5 (48, 48, 25, 60, 26, and 30 cents US/test, respectively) are expensive. We have established our own methods for serum AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid (6, 6, 5, 12, 13, and 6 cents US/test, respectively) using Ames Sera-Pak reagents. Linearity of our AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid methods were either similar to or higher than the Beckman methods. The within run and day-to-day run precisions were acceptable. Recovery of our AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid were excellent. Our results for AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid correlated well with the Beckman results. Bilirubin (340.8 mumol/L) did not significantly interfere on our AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea, while its concentrations of 165.8 mumol/L started giving negative interference on uric acid. Turbidity (2+) did not interfere significantly on our AST and ALT but started giving positive interference on cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid. Hemolysis (2+) gave positive interference on our cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid. Stability of Ames Sera-Pak working reagents was at least 30 days for AST, ALT, urea, and uric acid and 40 days for cholesterol and triglycerides.
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PMID:User-defined serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid for the Beckman synchron CX 4/5 using Ames Sera-Pak reagents. 140 44


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