Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycyrrhizin (GL) is widely used in Japan as a therapeutic agent for chronic active liver diseases. However, its action on hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. To clarify its effect, mice treated with diethylnitrosamine (NDEA) with or without GL were analyzed. Five-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into two groups, GL (n=50) and C (n=47). Mice in the GL group intramuscularly received 2 mg of GL 3 days a week, and mice in the C group received the same volume of saline in the same way. After 2 weeks, the mice were treated with an i.p. injection of 75 mg/kg body wt of NDEA weekly for 3 weeks and 100 mg/kg body wt of NDEA weekly for the following 3 weeks. Thirty additional mice that did not receive NDEA treatment were divided into two groups, GC (n=15) and SC (n=15). They received GL or saline, respectively. Mice in the 4 groups were killed every 5 weeks after the last injection of NDEA from 7 weeks to 32 weeks. Liver function tests such as AST and albumin were significantly improved in the GL group compared with the C group (P < 0.05, each). Although liver nodules appeared in the C group at 22 weeks, they were not observed until 32 weeks in the GL group. At 32 weeks, the mean number of liver tumors, composed of adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in the GL group was 0.71, which was significantly decreased compared with 1.64 of the C group (P < 0.05). The mean number of HCC in the GL group was 0.29/liver, which was lower than 0.82/liver in the C group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of HCC at 32 weeks was 64% in the C group and 21% in the GL group (P < 0.05, C versus GL group). Our results suggest that GL treatment inhibits the occurrence of HCC.
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PMID:Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by glycyrrhizin in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. 993 50

Thirty eight patients with classic dengue fever, were studied from December 1999 up to April 2000. All of them acquired the infection in Paraguay; 66% of patients arrived at Buenos Aires metropolitan area within the viremia period. Given Aedes aegypti abundance in the region they represent a high risk for local transmission. Unusual clinical findings in these patients were diarrhea (29%), transitory rise of seric aspartate aminotransferase (52%) and pruritic rash in all cases. Only 15.7% showed a biphasic course and none of the five patients with hemorrhages had a positive loop test. These observations show that dengue fever could be misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis or flue-like illness. These patients remain at risk of suffering hemorrhagic dengue. DEN 1 has not been reported in Buenos Aires. This fact and the unusual number of imported cases, represent a serious public health problem.
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PMID:[Dengue imported from Paraguay to Buenos Aires. Clinical and epidemiological report of 38 cases]. 1137 34

The effect of sodium selenite (Se) was investigated against two-stage rat liver carcinogenesis initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200 mg kg(-1) i.p.) followed by promotion with phenobarbital (PB, 0.05%) in a basal diet. Se (4 p.p.m.) was administered per os daily throughout the entire experiment, before the initiation, or during the promotion stage. The plasma, liver (hepatoma and surrounding tissue) and kidney tissue were investigated biochemically for lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase. These enzyme activities were increased (p < 0.001) in plasma of hepatoma-bearing rats compared with normal control rats. The elevation of these enzyme activities in plasma was indicative of the persistent deteriorating effect of DEN in cancer-bearing animals. Aminotransferase levels were decreased in hepatoma and surrounding liver tissue, whereas lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase were increased in the cancer condition. These enzyme activities were reversed to near normal control values in animals treated with Se. It is apparent that the beneficial effect of Se is primarily exerted on the initiation phase and secondarily during the promotion stage of DEN-initiated rat liver carcinogenesis. The analysis of marker enzyme activities taken together with our previous findings clearly indicates the antitumour efficacy of sodium selenite on DEN-induced hepatoma animals.
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PMID:Sodium selenite modulates tumour marker indices in N-nitrosodiethylamine-initiated and phenobarbital-promoted rat liver carcinogenesis. 1273 4

The chemopreventive effect of ethanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (EIA) on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg)-induced experimental liver tumor was investigated in male Wistar rats. Oral administration of ethanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (250 mg/kg) effectively suppressed liver tumor induced with DEN as revealed by decrease in the levels of extend of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase (GGTP), lipid peroxidase (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) with a concomitant increase in enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels when compared to those in liver tumor bearing rats. The histopathological changes of liver sample were compared with respective control. Our results show a significant chemopreventive effect of EIA against DEN induced liver tumor.
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PMID:Chemoprevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine induced phenobarbitol promoted liver tumors in rat by extract of Indigofera aspalathoides. 1568 1

The chemopreventive and cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata (EBV) was evaluated in N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg) induced experimental liver tumor in rats and human cancer cell lines. Oral administration of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata (250 mg/kg) effectively suppressed liver tumor induced by DEN as revealed by decrease in DEN induced elevated levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase (GGTP), lipid peroxidase (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The extract produced an increase in enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels and total proteins when compared to those in liver tumor bearing rats. The histopathological changes of liver samples were compared with respective controls. EBV was found to be cytotoxic against human epithelial larynx cancer (HEp2) and human breast cancer (HBL-100) cells. These results show a significant chemopreventive and cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata against DEN induced liver tumor and human cancer cell lines.
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PMID:Chemoprevention and cytotoxic effect of Bauhinia variegata against N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver tumors and human cancer cell lines. 1625 58

Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence, there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of silymarin as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage. Single intraperitoneal administration of diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg) to rats resulted in significantly elevated levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), which is indicative of hepatocellular damage. Diethylnitrosamine induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver tissue. The status of non-enzymic antioxidants like, vitamin-C, vitamin-E and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also found to be decreased in diethylnitrosamine administered rats. Further, the status of membrane bound ATPases was also altered indicating hepatocellular membrane damage. Posttreatment with the silymarin (50 mg/kg) orally for 30 days significantly reversed the diethylnitrosamine induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that silymarin exhibits good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage in rats.
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PMID:Silymarin modulates the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance during diethylnitrosamine induced oxidative stress in rats. 1730 Jul 77

Chemopreventive potential of Acacia nilotica bark extract (ANBE) against single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA, 200mg/kg) followed by weekly subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4), 3 ml/kg) for 6 weeks induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats was studied. At 45 day after administration of NDEA, 100 and 200mg/kg of ANBE were administered orally once daily for 10 weeks. The levels of liver injury and liver cancer markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), total bilirubin level (TBL), alpha-feto protein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were substantially increased following NDEA treatment. However, ANBE treatment reduced liver injury and restored liver cancer markers. ANBE also significantly prevented hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and reduced glutathione (GSH) in NDEA-treated rats which was dose dependent. Additionally, ANBE also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver of NDEA-administered rats. Eventually, ANBE also significantly improved body weight and prevented increase of relative liver weight due to NDEA treatment. Histological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations. HPLC analysis of ANBE showed the presence of gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic and ellagic acids, and also quercetin in ANBE. The results strongly support that A. nilotica bark prevents lipid peroxidation (LPO) and promote the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system during NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis which might be due to activities like scavenging of oxy radicals by the phytomolecules in ANBE.
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PMID:Potential chemoprevention of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica bark. 1944 40

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a potent hepatocarcinogen, is found in tobacco smoke, processed meat as well as in different food products. Quercetin (QC), a naturally occurring flavonoid has excellent antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to investigate the chemoprotective potential of QC against DEN induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Quercetin was administered (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days after DEN (200 mg/kg) treatment. The animals were killed 24 h after the last dose of QC/saline treatment. The DEN induced hepatotoxicity was evident by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver. A significant increase in the levels of plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was observed in the DEN treated group. The DEN induced DNA damage was evaluated using a single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. A significant increase in the number of TUNEL positive cells was observed in the DEN treated group. Quercetin restored AST, ALT and GSH levels at all the tested doses. Restoration of the MDA level and cellular morphology was observed at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg of QC. Further, DEN induced DNA damage and apoptosis was ameliorated by QC. The results indicate that QC ameliorates the DEN induced hepatotoxicity in rats and can be a candidate for a good chemoprotectant.
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PMID:Antioxidant and antimutagenic effect of quercetin against DEN induced hepatotoxicity in rat. 1950 66

HCV infection is highly prevalent among kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The natural history and management of these patients are controversial. We sought to assess the diagnostic value of noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in KT HCV-infected patients. This cross-sectional study included 102 KT individuals with positive HCV-RNA. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify variables associated with significant fibrosis (METAVIR > or = F2). Significant fibrosis was observed in 20 patients (20%). Time after transplantation, AST level, and platelet count were identified as independent predictors of significant fibrosis. Based on the regression model, a simplified index was devised. The AUROC for the TX-3 model was 0.867 +/- 0.081 (0.909, when adjusted by DANA). Values < or =4.0 of TX-3 showed a NPV of 97% and scores >9.6 exhibited a PPV of 71%. If biopsy indication was restricted to scores in the intermediate range of TX-3, this could have been correctly avoided in 68% of cases. The APRI score provided a correct diagnosis in only 47 individuals (46%) and exhibited lower diagnostic indices for both cutoffs, as compared to the TX-3 index. Comparison of AUROCs showed a trend towards superior diagnostic accuracy for TX-3 over APRI, although the difference between AUROCs did not reach statistical significance (0.867 +/- 0.053 vs 0.762 +/- 0.066, respectively, P = 0.064). In conclusion, significant liver fibrosis can be reliably predicted in KT HCV-infected subjects by simple and widely available parameters. If additional studies confirm our results, this model might obviate the requirement for a liver biopsy in a significant proportion of those patients.
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PMID:Prediction of significant liver fibrosis in kidney transplant patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: the TX-3 index. 1975 73

Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa is a well established drug in the Ayurvedic system of medicine used for antirheumatism and antiasthmatism. Inhibitory effects of S. rhombifolia ssp. retusa seed extract on DEN induced hepatocellular preneoplastic foci and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in rats. Rats received DEN, 1ppm/g b.w. in drinking water for 6 weeks or CCl(4), 0.7 ml/kg i.p. once a week for 4 weeks and seed extract 50 mg, 100 mg/kg b.w. orally prior, during and after exposure to DEN/CCl4 for 20 or 5 weeks, respectively. Treatment with seed extract significantly inhibited the increase in DEN/CCl(4) induced activities of pre-cancerous marker enzymes; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione-S-transferase, hepatotoxicity marker enzymes; glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as well as lipid peroxidase. Depleted glutathione, protein and albumin levels were restored. Also, histopathological and transmission electron microscopic studies showed prevention of cellular degenerative changes. The chemopreventive and hepatoprotective potentials of seed extract are due to free radical scavenging activity and restoration of cellular structural integrity.
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PMID:Sida rhombifolia ssp. retusa seed extract inhibits DEN induced murine hepatic preneoplasia and carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. 2019 93


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