Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Miniature swine were fed brominated sesame oil at dietary levels of 0, 5, 25, 50 or 500 mg/kg of body weight for 17 weeks and brominated soybean oil at levels of 0, 5, 50 or 500 mg/kg of body weight for 28 weeks. Growth rate and food intake were decreased only at the high dose level in the brominated sesame oil study. In both studies, signs of lethargy and ataxia occurred in pigs fed the highest dose, and were probably due to a dose-related increase in serum bromine concentrations. Marked elevations in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (SGPT) values were seen at the highest dose level with both substances and these enzyme activities were increased at the 50 mg/kg dose level in the brominated sesame oil study. Histopathologic lesions were confined to animals given the highest dose level of either oil. Marked fatty degeneration of the hepatic plate cells and renal tubular epithelial cells were seen in both studies. In the brominated sesame oil study, neutral fat was moderately increased in the myocardium of the pigs fed 500 mg/kg. However, marked diffuse accumulation of LDH, marked diffuse fatty degeneration and focal degeneration, and/or necrosis of individual or small groups of cardiac muscle fibers were seen in the group fed brominated soybean oil at 500 mg/kg. A moderate to marked testicular atrophy was also observed in this group. A dose-related accumulation of total and hexane-soluble bromine was observed in all tissues examined in both studies; the highest concentrations occurred in adipose tissue of the pigs given the highest dose level. Kidneys, livers, hearts and thyroids of these groups also contained large amounts of bromine. In pigs given the 50 mg/kg dose level, total and hexane-soluble bromine concentrations were higher in the brominated sesame oil study than in the longer brominated soybean oil study and may be responsible for the elevations in LDH, SGPT and SGOT activities in this group.
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PMID:The toxicity of brominated sesame oil and brominated soybean oil in miniature swine. 94 71

The aim of this study was to determine whether some muscular pathology existed in fighting bulls, in relation or not to the weakness shown in these animals during the bullfight (corrida for males and tienta for females). Creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) serum enzyme activities were increased after the corrida or the tienta. Most of the fighting bulls (78%) had some histological lesions in the skeletal or cardiac muscle, with predominance of chronic lesions. Clinical signs of these chronic lesions could only be seen after some trigger-effect, such as physical, exercise or stress, as shown after the corrida or tienta.
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PMID:[Muscular lesions and enzymatic activities in fighting bulls]. 151 Mar 39

We examined the effects of dexamethasone on creatine kinase (CK) activity and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) binding in two skeletal muscle-derived cell lines (mouse, C2C12; rat, L6) and in one cardiac muscle-derived cell line (rat, H9c2). Dexamethasone treatment during differentiation of cultured cells caused a dose-dependent increase in CK activity as well as an increase in the degree of myotube formation in C2C12 and L6, whereas H9c2 cells did not exhibit significant CK activities during culture or dexamethasone treatment. Dexamethasone treatment of C2C12 did not stimulate proliferation in differentiating cultures, but a dose-dependent increase in the number of nuclei was observed for L6 concomitant with increased CK activity. In L6 the increased CK activity may therefore reflect a dose-dependent increase in proliferation. Short-term (48 hr) treatment of C2C12 with dexamethasone (20 nM) did not appear to alter myoblast fusion but reversibly increased CK activity. In C2C12 the observed increase in CK, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities with dexamethasone treatment suggest modulation of protein expression and/or turnover. Although the data for dexamethasone effects on CK activities varied in each of the cell lines, consistent behavior was observed in all three cell lines when IGF-I binding was examined. IGF-I binding to dexamethasone-treated cells (50 nM for 24 hr the day prior to confluence) resulted in an increased number of available binding sites, with no effect on the binding affinities. Affinity cross linking and autoradiography indicated that the increase in IGF-I binding was the result of dexamethasone up-regulation of type I IGF receptors. Our data for all three muscle cell lines suggest that similar heterologous hormone receptor modulation of type I IGF receptor sites occurs with dexamethasone treatment.
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PMID:Dexamethasone effects on creatine kinase activity and insulin-like growth factor receptors in cultured muscle cells. 254 17

Six heifer calves were administered the dried and ground whole plant of Thermopsis montana by gavage once daily for 2 to 4 days at an initial dosage rate of 1 g/kg of body weight. Two of the 6 heifers died after the second dose, and the remaining 4 calves were humanely killed and their tissues were examined. Serum creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase activities were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased after initiation of plant administration. All calves had skeletal muscular degeneration or evidence of regeneration and repair of damaged myofibers in all skeletal muscle groups examined. Myoglobinuria and cardiac muscle degeneration were not detected in any of the calves.
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PMID:Thermopsis montana-induced myopathy in calves. 272 59

The local and systemic pathological changes induced by an i.m. injection of 100 micrograms of Bothrops asper venom in mice were studied histologically and by following the changes in serum levels of enzymes, proteins, ATP and lactate, as well as alterations in hematocrit and clotting time. B. asper venom induced a rapid and marked increase in serum levels of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, but not alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase. A local myonecrosis and hemorrhage was observed, with the lungs collapsing by 24 hr and the kidneys showing glomerular congestion and vacuolar degeneration of tubular cells. Only minor histopathological changes were observed in cardiac muscle and liver. Both ATP and lactate blood levels decreased after venom injection, whereas there were no changes in serum protein concentration. Blood incoagulability was observed 1 and 3 hr after envenomation. Antivenom neutralized venom-induced increases in serum enzyme levels following preincubation with venom, indicating that antivenom contains antibodies against tissue-damaging toxins. However, when antivenom was administered i.v. at different time intervals after venom injection, neutralization was only partial, with the exception of defibrinating activity, which was totally neutralized even after a delay of 1 hr in administering antivenom.
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PMID:Histopathological and biochemical alterations induced by intramuscular injection of Bothrops asper (terciopelo) venom in mice. 281 6

Although measurements of creatine kinase isoenzyme 2 (CK-MB) are often used to diagnose acute myocardial infarction, their sensitivity and specificity are less than 100%. Because skeletal muscle contains more CK and less aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than cardiac muscle, the CK/AST ratio might provide a useful adjunct in evaluating the source of a supranormal value for CK. I established the following decision levels in a retrospective study of 342 patients: ratios less than 14 (if total CK was 300-1200 U/L), less than 20 (CK 1201-2000 U/L), or less than 25 (CK greater than 2000 U/L) suggested myocardial infarction, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 65%. In a validation study with 277 additional patients, liver disease and alcohol abuse caused erroneous results, leading to exclusion of 22% of these patients. In the remaining cases, sensitivity was 94%, specificity 90%. The CK/AST ratios changed little with time, suggesting that a single value would be adequate for evaluating patients with increased CK.
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PMID:Creatine kinase:aspartate aminotransferase activity ratio as an indicator of the source of an increased creatine kinase activity. 319 92

Ten patients (mean age 85 years) had elevation of serum creatine kinase and other enzyme levels when admitted to hospital after falling at home and lying on the floor. No patient had definite clinical evidence of muscle injury but isoenzyme studies showed that the creatine kinase originated from skeletal muscle. A high ratio of peak creatine kinase to aspartate transaminase levels also helped distinguish skeletal from cardiac muscle damage. Several patients had minor disturbance of renal function and one developed acute renal failure.
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PMID:Covert muscle injury in aged patients admitted to hospital following falls. 401 5

Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (c-AAT) was purified to homogeneity from porcine heart and immunized to rabbit for production of antiserum. The purity of this enzyme protein and the specificity of its antibody were judged by silver-stained-sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel, Western blot transfer technique, and double immunodiffusion. The antibody against porcine heart c-AAT was found to cross-react with rat c-AAT but not with nine other different enzymes from the heart, liver, and muscle. Affinity purified antibody was used to localize this isoenzyme in the rat heart, liver, kidney, and cerebellum by indirect immunoperoxidase method. It was found that, in the rat heart muscle, c-AAT reaction product was present as a linear structure parallel to the muscle fiber and along the sarcolemma. Some cardiac muscle fibers contain more reaction products than the others. In the liver, reaction product was seen unevenly distributed in the hepatocytes. The Kupffer cells and endothelia were less stained. Most of the tubular epithelia of the loop of Henle in the kidney were intensely stained. But other tubular epithelia including convoluted and collecting tubules were sporadically and less stained. The basket and stellate cells and their neuronal processes and terminals in the cerebellum were markedly stained, but the Purkinje and granule cell bodies were weakly stained. For comparison of the staining intensity with enzyme activity in each organ, the c-AAT enzyme activity was simultaneously determined in those organs. This study indicates that the presence of c-AAT is specific in different organs and tissues.
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PMID:Production and characterization of an antibody to cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase and immunolocalization of the enzyme in rat organs. 640 65

1. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of mean initial weight 15 g were given either a low-manganese or control diet containing 1.3 and 33 mg Mn/kg dry diet respectively. 2. Weight gains over a 24-week feeding period were the same for both groups of trout. 3. Hepatosomatic index, blood packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration, plasma protein and the activities of aspartic aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) were unaffected by dietary Mn intake. 4. Plasma potassium and iron levels were increased in the trout given the low-Mn diet. 5. The hepatic levels of magnesium, sodium, K, zinc, copper, Mn and phosphorus were significantly reduced in the fish given the low-Mn diet. 6. In those trout given the low-Mn diet the levels of Mn and calcium in the vertebral ash were significantly reduced. 7. The hepatic activity of Cu-Zu superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; Cu-ZnSOD) and of Mn superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1; MnSOD) in cardiac muscle and liver was reduced in the group of trout given the low-Mn diet. The fall in Cu-ZnSOD and MnSOD activities coincided with reduced tissue levels of their respective metal components.
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PMID:The effect of low dietary manganese intake on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 731 45

Effect of fenvalerate on cell architecture, tissue biochemical parameters and its residual concentration was studied in broiler chicks following dermal application at 0.1 and 1% in ethanol once daily for 31 days. It did neither produce loss of body weight nor clinical signs of toxicity. Kidney contained maximal residue followed by heart, fat, liver and brain after 0.1%; and fat contained maximal residue followed by kidney, heart, liver and brain after 1% application. Fenvalerate (0.1%) increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (except brain), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), acid phosphatase (AcP) (only brain) activities, glycogen level (only liver) in liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues; and 1% increased the AST (except brain), ALT, AcP (except liver and kidney), AP (only heart), glycogen (only liver) and decreased AP (except heart), AcP (only kidney), cholesterol (except liver and heart), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (liver and brain) of liver, kidney, heart and brain tissue homogenates respectively. Histopathological examination in general showed aggregation of mononuclear cells in liver, around the kidney tubules and cardiac muscle fibre. In addition, fibrosis in the periportal area of liver, proliferation of ureter and tubular degeneration, and congestion of endocardial vessels were also observed. The intensity of cellular changes was more marked after 1% dermal application.
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PMID:Effect of short-term dermal toxicity of fenvalerate on residue, cell architecture and biochemical profiles in broiler chicks. 931 26


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