Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1967 and Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '67 and CLIA '88) were enacted to ensure that clinical laboratories within the U.S. provide a quality of service that meets clinical needs for good patient care. Approved proficiency-testing programs are to judge the quality of laboratory testing by promulgated performance criteria. We examine the quality of analytical results reported in 1991 to the New York State Department of Health Proficiency Testing program in light of these criteria and analytical goals, based on medical usefulness. Analytical performance is examined for cholesterol, potassium, sodium, calcium, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, digoxin, and theophylline. In general, proposed CLIA '88 performance standards are compatible with the current state of practice for the population of laboratories examined. Exceptions appear to be digoxin and sodium (failure rate exceeding average) and most therapeutic substances (low failure rate). Sources of analytical bias relative to an accuracy-based target value must be characterized as method-, laboratory-, or matrix-dependent if regulatory programs are to achieve the objective of improving analytical accuracy across all testing sites.
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PMID:How good are clinical laboratories? An assessment of current performance. 162 85

The protective effects of various chelating agents such as D-penicillamine (D-PEN), 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulphonate (DMPS), and N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (bucillamine), on the renal damage induced by gold sodium thiomalate (AuTM) in rats were studied. Rats were injected i.v. with AuTM at doses of 0.026, 0.066, 0.132, and 0.198 mmol/kg. Urinary excretion of protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and glucose in rats injected with AuTM significantly increased compared to the control levels within 1 day after the injection and thereafter decreased nearly to the control levels at 3 or 7 days. Gold was excreted rapidly during the first day after AuTM injection and excreted gradually thereafter. The concentrations of gold in the kidney and liver at 1 or 7 days after AuTM administration were approximately dose dependent. Treatment with D-PEN, DMSA, DMPS, and bucillamine (1.2 mmol/kg) significantly prevented increases in the urinary excretion of protein, AST, and glucose and the BUN level after AuTM (0.026 mmol/kg) injection. The injection of the chelating agents after AuTM administration showed that D-PEN, DMSA, and DMPS enhanced mainly the urinary excretion of gold and that bucillamine enhanced mainly the fecal excretion of the metal. These chelating agents significantly decreased the gold concentrations in the kidney and liver. The findings suggest that the chelating agents tested can ameliorate the renal damage induced by AuTM.
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PMID:Protective effects of chelating agents against renal toxicity of gold sodium thiomalate in rats. 166

Blood samples were collected from v. jugularis in five-day intervals from parturition to postpartum day 45 in the rearing conditions of a dairy cow production herd, consisting of 10 groups with 10 pluriparous cows each (crossbreds of Bohemian Pied cattle with Holstein-Friesian cattle). In blood serum the following activities were determined photometrically: aspartate aminotransferase--AST (0.36-0.47 mukat.l-1), gamma-glutamyl transferase--GMT (0.50-0.83 mukat.l-1) and lactate dehydrogenase--LD (7.22-9.10 mukat.l-1); their average values were at an almost constant level. Only did AST and GMT values decrease slightly from day 25 after parturition. The glucose average content on the day of parturition (4.07 mmol.l-1) steeply decreased to postpartum day 5 (2.79 mmol.l-1), and later on, it increased irregularly. The average values of total protein (66.7-73.2 g per 1) slightly increased from postpartum day 20. The values of urea (2.33-2.37 mmol.l-1) and bilirubin (3.49-5.15 mmol.l-1) did not show any larger changes in dependence on the time elapsing from parturition. The average content of creatinine (124-162 mmol.l-1) increased irregularly from postpartum day 15 and then it decreased. Cholesterol concentrations were gradually increasing from 2.58 mmol.l-1 on the day of parturition to 4.99 mmol.l-1 on day 45 after parturition. The average contents of calcium (2.20-2.66 mmol.l-1) and phosphorus (1.75-2.27 mmol.l-1) were irregularly increasing until day 20 after parturition. Also the average content of magnesium (0.86-1.15 mmol.l-1) rose from day 25 after parturition.
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PMID:[Biochemical changes in the peripheral blood in cows 45 days after parturition]. 168 73

A study was conducted to investigate morphologic as well as metabolic characteristics of microcarrier-attached hepatocytes in culture, and also to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal transplantation of the microcarrier-attached hepatocytes on acute hepatic failure in rats induced by D-galactosamine (GalN). Rat hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion, and cultured on collagen-coated microcarriers. Protein synthesis estimated by [14C] leucine incorporation was four-fold higher in microcarrier culture than in cell suspension. The rates of albumin, transthyretin and bile acid syntheses in hepatocytes cultured on microcarriers were similar to those in monolayer culture. When microcarrier-attached hepatocytes were intraperitoneally transplanted into rats with Galn-induced acute liver failure, a marked improvement in survival rate was observed as compared with control rats which received injections of microcarriers alone (80% vs 0% beyond 6 days of transplantation). Mean serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), methionine and glucose levels were similar in both groups, while serum bilirubin and ammonia levels were lower (P less than 0.1, P less than 0.05) in rats transplanted with the microcarrier-attached hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the transplanted hepatocytes around microcarriers had albumin synthesis activity, whereas almost no albumin synthesis was demonstrated in recipient liver. In conclusion, intraperitoneal transplantation of the microcarrier-attached hepatocytes will provide sufficient metabolic support, representing detoxication of ammonia (and presumably bilirubin) and synthesis of albumin, to allow GalN-damaged liver function to restore. Microcarrier culture of isolated hepatocytes seems to be one of the most appropriate tools for an artificial liver support.
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PMID:Effects of intraperitoneal transplantation of microcarrier-attached hepatocytes on D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure in rats. 168 85

Laboratory studies are an essential aspect in the management of children with grave diseases, helping to plan the therapeutic measures and to identify the disease. The most acute syndromes in pediatric emergency care are: coma, convulsions, dehydration, metabolic disequilibrium, hypovolemic or anaphylactic shock, a grave infection, chemical or drug poisoning. The laboratory tests that should be available within few minutes are blood cell count, blood and gas analysis, sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose measurements. The results of total proteins, serum creatinine and urea measurements, bleeding tests, analysis of blood smear, sedimentation rate, ALT, AST, osmolality, urinary electrolytes, creatinine and cerebrospinal fluid examinations should be available within sixty min. New accurate and rapid techniques and instruments facilitate the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pediatric emergency.
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PMID:[A rapid response laboratory in a pediatric clinic]. 172 94

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication (0.6 g/kg, po) on lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin levels in rats. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine increased from 1- to 4-fold at 5, 8 and 24 h after 2,4-D administration, whereas serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were higher only at 8 and 24 h. Amylase levels were only increased 8 h after administration of 2,4-D and then returned to normal levels. In contrast, 2,4-D reduced the serum levels of glucose and total protein 5, 8 and 24 h and serum albumin levels 5 h after herbicide intoxication. Thus, acute intoxication with 2,4-D disrupts serum levels of several enzymes and components which are considered to be indicators of tissue injury. Most likely these alterations mainly reflect hepatic and muscle tissue damage induced by the herbicide, but significant pancreatic and kidney toxicity may also have occurred.
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PMID:Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication on some rat serum components and enzyme activities. 172 51

The acute hepatic effects of coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) in male Wistar rats and Mongolian gerbils has been compared. A single dose of coumarin (125 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) was hepatotoxic to rats within 24 h as assessed by its effects on a variety of hepatic parameters. Coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity was associated with significant increases in relative liver weight, plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities and hepatic non-protein sulphydryl groups. Cytochrome P-450 content and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and glucose 6-phosphatase activities were significantly lower in coumarin-treated compared with control rats. Centrilobular necrosis was only observed in two out of six rats at this dose, but was present in all four coumarin-treated rats when the dose was increased to 150 mg/kg. In contrast to the effects observed in the rat, no evidence was found for coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity in gerbils following a single i.p. dose of 125 mg/kg. These data indicate that the gerbil is less sensitive to the hepatotoxic effects of coumarin than the rat.
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PMID:Species differences in the hepatotoxicity of coumarin: a comparison of rat and Mongolian gerbil. 172 61

In patients with unexplained pain after cholecystectomy, morphine often induces pain and may increase plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity because of exaggerated or prolonged rises in pressure within the biliary system. These anomalous effects of morphine may be mediated by activation of autonomic or related afferent nuclei. In this study, 16 patients with pain and increases in AST after morphine were further studied after pre-treatment with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. Pre-treatment with dexamethasone decreased scores for pain and nausea and prevented or attenuated increases in plasma AST and glucose; these effects were not observed after pre-treatment with hydrocortisone. Serial changes in plasma concentrations of catecholamines were determined in 8 patients and showed that pre-treatment with dexamethasone, but not hydrocortisone, was associated with lower concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine with overall reductions of 53% and 67%, respectively. These observations are consistent with a role for sympatho-adrenomedullary activation in abdominal pain induced by morphine. The different effects of dexamethasone and hydrocortisone raise the possibility that sympatho-adrenomedullary activation after morphine is influenced by the interaction of cortisol with type I glucocorticoid receptors which have a low affinity for dexamethasone and a high affinity for cortisol.
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PMID:Differential effect of glucocorticoids on abdominal pain induced by morphine. 174 37

In 1983 and 1984 blood was collected from 79 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) confined to an outdoor enclosure in southern Illinois to establish reference values for hematology and serum chemistry. Packed cell volume, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, calcium, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and osmolality were measured. Sex and age (adult versus juvenile) of rabbit as well as season (June to September versus October to May) and method of capture (trap versus shot) variously affected most hematology and serum chemistry variables.
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PMID:Hematology and serum chemistry of cottontail rabbits of southern Illinois. 175 30

A trial was conducted with 16 cows divided into control and test group (eight cows in either); since day 57.6 +/- 21.1 before parturition, test cows were given feed rations for 107 days which contained 16.0 kg clover-grass silage a day, treated with 3 l acrylic acid per t ensiled matter. Control group of cows was administered feed rations containing silage treated with 4 l formic acid per 1 t ensiled matter from day 55.5 +/- 21.9. In the blood (plasma) of test cows the alkaline phosphatase activity was increasing gradually, in the time after parturition a tendency of lower glucose (P 0.05 to 0.01), thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations was observed, and the phagocytal activity of leucocytes and its index decreased. The levels of ketone bodies and aspartate aminotransferase activity were found to be higher. In this period in urine the pH value and net acid-base output were lower, while the inorganic phosphorus concentration was higher. No difference were observed in colostrum density, liveweight of born calves and in the target metabolic parameters in the blood (plasma) of calves. In the 30-day period of investigation the cows of test group gave an average daily milk yield lower by 1.5 l (in comparison with control cows). The residues of acrylic acid (method sensitivity of 1.0 mg acrylic acid in 1 l sample) were not detected in their colostrum and milk.
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PMID:[The effect of clover silage treated with acrylic acid on selected indicators of metabolism in cows around the time of parturition and the status of their calves]. 177 30


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