Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cypermethrin-mixed diet was fed uninterrupted to male albino rats for six months to evaluate toxicity in nontarget organisms. The rats consumed cypermethrin at a dose of 420 mg active ingredient (AI) per kilogram body weight per day. At the end of the stipulated period, the blood and liver were analyzed for insecticidal toxicity. The hemoglobin content and white blood cell (WBC) count remained unaltered, while the red blood cell (RBC) count and packed-cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly. The blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and amylase activities were elevated 61%, 30%, and 46%, respectively, after six months of insecticide feeding, suggesting liver and possibly pancreas malfunction. The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, on the other hand, decreased 37% and 40%, respectively. The blood serum protein and free amino acids (FAA) content increased 12% and 31%, respectively, while cholesterol content decreased 49%. Consequent to cypermethrin administration the hepatic GOT, LDH, and ICDH activities increased 250%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The soluble proteins, FAA, and glucose contents exhibited significant increases of 28%, 61%, and 71%, respectively. Histological changes were marked by hypertrophied hepatic cells and nuclei.
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PMID:Effects of six months' feeding of cypermethrin on the blood and liver of albino rats. 246 99

The local and systemic pathological changes induced by an i.m. injection of 100 micrograms of Bothrops asper venom in mice were studied histologically and by following the changes in serum levels of enzymes, proteins, ATP and lactate, as well as alterations in hematocrit and clotting time. B. asper venom induced a rapid and marked increase in serum levels of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, but not alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase. A local myonecrosis and hemorrhage was observed, with the lungs collapsing by 24 hr and the kidneys showing glomerular congestion and vacuolar degeneration of tubular cells. Only minor histopathological changes were observed in cardiac muscle and liver. Both ATP and lactate blood levels decreased after venom injection, whereas there were no changes in serum protein concentration. Blood incoagulability was observed 1 and 3 hr after envenomation. Antivenom neutralized venom-induced increases in serum enzyme levels following preincubation with venom, indicating that antivenom contains antibodies against tissue-damaging toxins. However, when antivenom was administered i.v. at different time intervals after venom injection, neutralization was only partial, with the exception of defibrinating activity, which was totally neutralized even after a delay of 1 hr in administering antivenom.
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PMID:Histopathological and biochemical alterations induced by intramuscular injection of Bothrops asper (terciopelo) venom in mice. 281 6

Normal reference values for total serum protein, albumin, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and total bilirubin were established in 48 clinically healthy woodchucks. To validate the use of these biochemical tests in the woodchuck for assessment of liver injury, carbon tetrachloride was administered to produce hepatocellular necrosis and the common bile duct was surgically occluded to produce cholestasis. Biochemical tests were performed prior to experimental treatment and thereafter in surviving woodchucks for a period of 6 weeks. There were marked increases in the serum activities of AST, ALT, and SDH following carbon tetrachloride administration and all 3 enzymes appeared to be useful markers of acute hepatocellular injury. The predominate biochemical abnormalities in woodchucks with bile duct obstruction were hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased serum AP and GGT activities. The increase of GGT occurred earlier following bile duct obstruction and the magnitude of increase was greater than that of AP, suggesting that GGT would be the preferred serum enzyme test in the woodchuck for assessment of cholestatic liver injury.
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PMID:Laboratory assessment of hepatic injury in the woodchuck (Marmota monax). 286 72

Using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts we have quantitated the formation of these specific adducts in liver and serum protein of B6C3F1 male mice dosed with acetaminophen. Administration of acetaminophen at doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg to mice resulted in evidence of hepatotoxicity (increase in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) at 4 hr in the 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg treatment groups only. The formation of 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in liver protein was not observed in the groups receiving 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses, but was observed in the groups receiving doses above 300 mg/kg of acetaminophen. Greater levels of adduct formation were observed at the higher doses. 3-(Cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen protein adducts were also observed in serum of mice receiving hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen. After a 400 mg/kg dose of acetaminophen, 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in the liver protein reached peak levels 2 hr after dosing. By 12 hr the levels decreased to approximately 10% of the peak level. In contrast, 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in serum protein were delayed, reaching a sustained peak 6 to 12 hr after dosing. The dose-response correlation between the appearance of serum aminotransferases and 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in serum protein and the temporal correlation between the decrease in 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in liver protein and the appearance of adducts in serum protein are consistent with a hepatic origin of the adducts detected in serum protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunochemical quantitation of 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen adducts in serum and liver proteins of acetaminophen-treated mice. 291 71

The clinical pathology of Schistosoma curassoni infection in sheep and goats was studied for 22 weeks following experimental infection with 7000 and 4000 cercariae, respectively. Excretion of eggs began at week 7 after infection: in goats the numbers increased to 30 to 50 eggs per gram faeces (epg) at weeks 8 to 18, followed by a reduction. In a pregnant goat, epg values increased markedly before and after parturition. The mean faecal egg counts in sheep were lower than in goats, increasing to a maximum level of 30 epg at weeks 16 and 17 after infection. Infected sheep maintained growth rates roughly comparable with controls, whereas infected goats failed to gain as much weight as the controls. Infected goats and sheep produced eosinophil counts of about 3 x 10(3) mm-3, five and eight weeks after infection, respectively. Sheep developed a progressive anaemia from week 11 after infection, in goats blood values remained within normal limits. Differences in serum protein concentration were observed between infected and uninfected goats about nine weeks after infection, but not in sheep. Increased total protein values, hyperglobulinaemia and lowered albumin to globulin ratios were features of infected goats. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin were not significantly changed. The mean recovery in sheep was 608 worms, in goats 428 worms, but the total tissue egg counts were higher in the latter. Of the total eggs deposited in the goats 92 per cent were found in the liver with 51.5 per cent in the ovine liver. The histopathological changes were studied.
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PMID:Clinical pathology of experimental Schistosoma curassoni infections in sheep and goats. 340 25

Reference values for free amino acids in male rabbits (n = 145) were determined by gas chromatography. In addition, reference values for glucose, serum transaminase activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), and serum protein fractions are reported.
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PMID:Reference values for free amino acids and other biochemical constituents in serum of male rabbits. 380 14

Toxicity of the antioxidant dodecyl gallate was studied in 150-day experiments on male white rats. The antioxidant was administered intragastrically in doses of 250, 50 and 10 mg/kg bw. The general status and behavior of the animals, the survival rate, weight gain, peripheral blood, the amount of urea, total serum protein, soluble proteins of the liver and kidneys, and activity of enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH, SDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatase of the serum, liver and kidneys, the weight of the internal organs) were studied over time, followed by morbid anatomy studies. Quantitative determination of serum lipids (total fats, total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, triglycerides plus free fatty acids, and phospholipids) was made on the 150th day after the onset of experiments. When administered in a dose of 250 mg/kg, dodecyl gallate produced death of the animals and an increase in the content of triglycerides plus free fatty acids, a decrease in the weight of the spleen and morphological alterations in the liver, kidneys and spleen. The dose 50 mg/kg was also toxic. It brought about changes in the activity of serum and liver AST, an increase in the content of TF, TG, FFA, TG plus FFA and phospholipids, a reduction in the weight of the spleen and pathological changes in the liver, kidneys and spleen. The dose 10 mg/kg is regarded as liminal.
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PMID:[Toxicological study of the long-term effects of the antioxidant dodecyl gallate on albino rats]. 400 81

Rhesus monkeys were given either high estrogen, low progesterone or low estrogen-high progesterone oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) and maintained on either a 16% protein diet or a 4% protein diet. Both OCAs created a small but significant fall in hemoglobin and serum protein. On both diets, OCAs led to a gradual elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic oxalic transaminase (SGOT) activities. There were no histologic liver lesions. On the low protein diet, glucose tolerance was impaired between cycles 10 and 11, and on the high protein diet between cycles 16 and 20. Vitamins B-12, A, and thiamine tended to be lower in OCA animals. The conclusion of these experiments is that the hazard of using OCAs is not exaggerated by protein deficiency.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in monkeys fed on adequate and low protein diets. 420 57

Total proteins (albumin, globulins and their fractions); carbohydrate (intravenous glucose tolerance); lipid (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids); and liver functioning (alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities in serum, bromsulfathalein retention, and serum bilirubin); were assayed in 12 Thai women who were not lactating. The tests were performed before, and 3 weeks, 3,6,9, and 12 months after the advent of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which was injected intramuscularly in 150-mg doses every 90 days. Triglyceride concentration was unchanged overall; however, mean fasting triglyceride concentration on Day 20 decreased significantly when compared with Day -33 pretreatment control (P .025). A significant increase ( P .01) in mean fasting cholesterol was demonstrated on Day 20; this, however, was thought to be caused by the high dietary lipid intake during hospitalization rather than an effect of the DMPA. In general, serum protein and lipid levels, and liver function and glucose tolerance, remained unchanged over 1 year. There was, however, a significant and persistent increase in insulin level in all subjects after initiation of hormone treatment during the first 30 minutes of intravenous glucose load. The study concludes that DMPA does not interfere with glucose tolerance, lipid and protein metabolism, or liver function during its administration.
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PMID:Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum lipids, protein, glucose tolerance and liver function in Thai women. 644 43

Health conditions were evaluated in 80 electrical workers exposed for many years to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures with a 42% mean chlorine content, who had blood PCB concentrations from 41 to 1319 micrograms/kg. The clinical study was based on personal history data, physical examination, and laboratory tests (red cell and leukocyte count; determination of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, bilirubin, serum protein electrophoretic fractions, pseudocholinesterase, AST, ALT, GGT, and OCT). Fifteen workers were found to have skin diseases--chloracne (4), folliculitis (4), oil dermatitis (1), juvenile acne (1), and dermatitis due to irritative or allergic agents (5). Sixteen workers showed more or less pronounced hepatic involvement, consisting most often of hepatomegaly with an increase in serum GGT, AST, ALT, and OCT values. In two workers bleeding cavernous haemangiomas were discovered, in one case associated with chronic myelocytic leukaemia. All the workers with chloracne were employed on electric capacitor impregnation with PCBs, and no definite association was found between chloracne and blood PCB concentrations. Conversely, a significant positive association was found between the abnormal liver findings and blood PCB concentrations, particularly trichlorobiphenyl blood concentrations. The abnormal hepatic findings observed are similar to those reported in experimental animals given PCBs, and in some workers such findings should probably be considered as clinical signs of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction.
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PMID:Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical workers. II. Health effects. 645 Dec 37


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