Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of 8 male crossbreed domestic goats were given 3 dosage levels of aflatoxin B1 [(AFB1) mg/kg of body weight/day] orally: 0.1 for 34 days; 0.2 for 18 days; or 0.4 for 10 days. Clinical condition, feed consumption, and selected blood values were determined. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed consumption, slight-to-moderate loss of body weight, mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnea, coughing, lethargy, icterus, diarrhea (4 goats), and subnormal body temperature 24 to 48 hours before death. Clinicopathologic changes included increases in total RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. Goats given the 2 smaller dosage levels of AFB1 had slight increases of serum total protein (TP) concentration compared with control goats, but goats given the larger dosage levels of AFB1 initially had a slight decrease in TP. Aflatoxin had little effect on total WBC count. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in goats given the 2 larger dosage levels of AFB1 were similar to those of control goats, but goats given the smallest dosage level of AFB1 had increased serum ALT activities. Aflatoxin did not produce consistent dose-related changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Seemingly, goats are susceptible to aflatoxin. Onset of clinical signs was dose-related. Onset and magnitude of increases in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and isocitric dehydrogenase were dose-related. Changes in TP and activities of serum ALT and alkaline phosphatase were neither dose-related nor were they potentially useful indicators of toxicosis.
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PMID:Caprine aflatoxicosis: experimental disease and clinical pathologic changes. 643 Jan 34

After prolonged application of ethanol the liver and brain of rats show an appreciable increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, noticeable lowering of cytoplasmic aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, elevation of liver arginine succinate lyase activity with unchanged activities of other enzymes of the ornithine cycle (ornithine carbamoyltransferase and arginase), reduction of glutamate and malate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in brain tissue. Concurrent application of ethanol and pyridoxine normalizes the effect of ethanol on liver arginine succinate lyase and on brain tissue lactate and malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
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PMID:[Enzyme activity changes in chronic alcoholic intoxication and the simultaneous administration of pyridoxine]. 689 33

This study describes an occupational health survey carried out in the polyester industry in order to investigate the hepatic effects caused by exposure to styrene. Fifty-seven workers underwent a medical examination. They were submitted to blood and urine sampling for the determination of the degree of exposure, by the analysis of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids (styrene metabolites), and the intensity of induction and/or hepatic effects, by the analysis of urinary glucaric acid and plasma enzyme activities (gamma glutamyl transferase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase). The results showed that styrene does not give rise to measurable autoinduction. With regard to the hepatic tests, exposure to styrene caused an increase in the plasma enzyme activities, a phenomenon illustrating a possible damaging effect on liver cells. This effect appears with exposure below 100 ppm (time-weighted average).
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PMID:Study of some hepatic effects (induction and toxicity) caused by occupational exposure to styrene in the polyester industry. 693 26

We found heterogenous ornithine oxoacid aminotransferase (L-ornithine: 2-oxo-acid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1.3) in rat ascites hepatoma AH 130 cells. Compared with enzymes from normal rat tissues, this heterogenous enzyme showed larger Km values for 2-oxoglutarate, a different elution-profile upon affinity chromatography with 2-oxoglutarate, more anionic mobility upon polyacrylamide gell electrophoresis, and a clearly different salting-out property upon ammonium sulfate fractionation. Similar heterogeneity of this aminotransferase was found in human cancer cells.
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PMID:Ornithine oxoacid aminotransferase found in AH 130 ascites hepatoma cells. 705 19

Of 510 adult buffaloes examined, 88 (17.3 per cent) were found to be suffering from Fasciola gigantica infestation. There was a reduction in the haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood cell count in the fasciola affected buffaloes and an increase in their white blood cell count. There was no significant change in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin or mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in the fasciola affected buffaloes. There was also a decrease in total serum protein and albumin concentrations and in the albumin globulin ratio and significant increase in alpha globulin and gamma globulin concentrations and in the activity of the serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase and ornithine carbamoyl transferase.
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PMID:Changes in blood cellular components, serum protein concentrations and serum enzyme activities in buffaloes infested with Fasciola gigantica. 714 34

The influence of a raw green gram (RGG) diet, an autoclaved green gram (AGG) diet and green gram trypsin inhibitors (GGTI) incorporated in AGG diet on urinary and blood urea and creatinine levels in rats was studied. The activities of certain liver enzymes of pathways associated with protein or amino acid metabolism were also studied. The levels of urea and creatinine in urine and blood were found to be significantly increased in rats fed the RGG and GGTI-incorporated AGG diets when compared to the animals fed with the AGG diet. The levels of enzyme activities of arginase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also found to be significantly increased along with that of urea and creatinine, The possible role of GGTI on the altered levels of the above-mentioned parameters is discussed.
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PMID:Influence of dietary raw green gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb) and green gram trypsin inhibitors on the activity of certain protein metabolism enzymes in rats. 733 25

(AxT6)F1 hybrid mice received s.c. transplants from (AxT6)F1 mammary carcinomas. At 1, 2 or 4 weeks after tumour transplantation, the mice were bled to obtain plasma and then challenged with 25 micron E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin i.v. The mice were killed 24 hr later, further plasma was obtained and their liver ratios and spleen ratios were determined. A similar procedure was carried out on non-tumour-bearing mice. Progressive tumour growth was associated with an increase in the liver ratio. In parallel, mice with 4-week tumour transplant showed increased uptake of colloidal carbon particles and 51Cr-labelled sheep red blood cells in the liver. The plasma amino aspartate transaminase (AST) and the ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT) showed a constant rise in all groups of mice after LPS injection. However, at 24 hr after LPS injection, the AST level showed the greatest rise in mice with 4-week tumour transplants. By contrast, OCT, which is liberated only from hepatocytes, showed the greatest rise in non-tumour-bearing mice.
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PMID:Hyperphagocytosis and the effect of lipopolysaccharide injection in tumour-bearing mice. 745 24

We examined the polyamine metabolism in liver transplanted after cold ischemia and effects of putrescine administration on liver injury, liver regeneration, and survival rate after orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Male Wistar rats were used as donors and recipients. Grafts were stored in Euro-Collins solution for 6 h at 4 degrees C. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed by the three cuff technique. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase elevated and peaked 4 h after liver transplantation. Hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activities were also elevated and peaked 8 h after the operation. In agreement with the increases in ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activities, the putrescine content increased and spermidine content decreased in the transplanted liver. Putrescine administrated intraperitoneally improved the survival rate, decreased serum transaminase level and increased the [3H]thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA. These findings suggest that both biosynthetic and biodegradative pathways are stimulated in liver transplantation, resulting in the increase in the formation of putrescine from ornithine and from spermidine, and that putrescine administration improve the survival rate by protecting the damaged graft after cold ischemia and reperfusion and by stimulating liver regeneration.
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PMID:Polyamine metabolism in the rat liver after orthotopic liver transplantation. 749 79

Blood samples were collected from 158 Holstein-Friesian cows and analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and ornithine carabamoyltransferase activities and glucose, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol-ester and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations. Ultrasonography of the liver was performed, and hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated subjectively or analysed digitally, and liver samples were examined histopathologically. The diagnostic rates for the different tests were compared. Of the 158 animals, 117 had a normal liver and 41 had fatty infiltration of the liver. For diagnosis of fatty infiltration, digital analysis had the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values, followed by ultrasonography.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of fatty infiltration of the liver in dairy cattle by using blood and serum analysis, ultrasonography, and digital analysis. 761 May 50

Ornithine decarboxylases from Trypanosoma brucei, mouse, and Leishmania donovani share strict specificity for three basic amino acids, ornithine, lysine, and arginine. To identify residues involved in this substrate specificity and/or in the reaction chemistry, six conserved acidic resides (Asp-88, Glu-94, Asp-233, Glu-274, Asp-361, and Asp-364) were mutated to alanine in the T. brucei enzyme. Each mutation causes a substantial loss in enzyme efficiency. Most notably, mutation of Asp-361 increases the Km for ornithine by 2000-fold, with little effect on kcat, suggesting that this residue is an important substrate binding determinant. Mutation of the only strictly conserved acidic residue, Glu-274, decreases kcat 50-fold; however, substitution of N-methylpyridoxal-5'-phosphate for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate as the cofactor in the reaction restores the kcat of E274A to wild-type levels. These data demonstrate that Glu-274 interacts with the protonated pyridine nitrogen of the cofactor to enhance the electron withdrawing capability of the ring, analogous to Asp-222 in aspartate aminotransferase (Onuffer, J. J., and Kirsch, J. F. (1994) Protein Eng. 7, 413-424). Eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase is a homodimer with two shared active sites. Residues 88, 94, 233, and 274 are contributed to each active site from the same subunit as Lys-69, while residues 361 and 364 are part of the Cys-360 subunit.
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PMID:Acidic residues important for substrate binding and cofactor reactivity in eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis. 774 28


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