Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.1 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 21,665 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study evaluated the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the oxidant [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and antioxidant [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH)] systems in liver after renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rabbits. Thirty rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 10: group I (sham operation), group II (renal IR group), and group III (DHEA, 25 mg/kg, s.c., 15 min pre-ischemia). Renal IR injury in group II caused a decrease of SOD (25%), GPx (36%), and CAT (26%) activities and GSH levels (32%), and increases of MDA (30%) in liver and of ALT and AST activities in serum, compared to group I. DHEA administration decreased the hepatic MDA level (19%) and serum ALT activity (30%) (p <0.01 and p <0.05, respectively), and considerably increased hepatic GSH levels and GPx activities (p <0.01 for both) in group III, compared to group II. These results suggest that DHEA treatment has beneficial effects on antioxidant defenses against hepatic injury after renal IR in rabbits, possibly by augmenting GSH levels and lowering MDA production.
 ...
PMID:Dehydroepiandrosterone improves hepatic antioxidant systems after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. 1458 61

This study was designed to investigate whether chlorella supplementation may ameliorate oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation in peritoneal macrophages and liver of C57BL/6 mice fed on an atherogenic diet. The animals were maintained on an atherogenic diet (control), or an atherogenic diet supplemented with 3% (w/w) chlorella or 5% (w/w) chlorella for 12 wks. The plasma and hepatic lipid levels were not affected by chlorella supplementation. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and superoxide anion production in peritoneal macrophages were significantly lower in the 5% chlorella group (p<0.05), but the glutathione level was not altered by chlorella supplementation. The hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in the mice fed on the 5% chlorella diet (p<0.05). The plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity was lower in the mice fed on the chlorella-containing diets (p<0.05), whereas the alanine aminotransferase activity was not affected by chlorella supplementation. The NFkappaB nuclear binding activities of peritoneal macrophages and liver were significantly lower in the 5% chlorella groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that chlorella supplementation may attenuate oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen production and increasing antioxidative processes, thus suppressing inflammatory mediator activation in peritoneal macrophages and liver.
 ...
PMID:Attenuating effect of chlorella supplementation on oxidative stress and NFkappaB activation in peritoneal macrophages and liver of C57BL/6 mice fed on an atherogenic diet. 1458 94

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a known environmental biohazard, which induces lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative damage in rat liver. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of Gossypitrin, a flavonoid extracted from Hibiscus elatus S.W, was investigated against the CCl4-induced in vivo hepatotoxicity. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed as an index of LPO and the levels of catalase (CAT) activity as a biomarker of oxidative damage. Leakage of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver weight/body weight ratio as well as morphological parameters were used as signs of hepatotoxicity. CCl4 (1 ml/kg), intraperitoneally injected into rats, caused increased MDA production and CAT activity, and also a significant ALT and LDH leakage as compared to levels of these constituents in the control group. Changes in morphology, including steatosis, cells forming balloon cells and necrosis were evaluated in the hepatotoxin-induced damage. Treatment of rats with Gossypitrin (3.98, 5.97 and 8.95 mg/kg) 2 h before and 2 h after CCl4 injection, protected hepatocytes against cell injury induced by CCl4 and its efficacy as an antioxidant was similar to vitamin E (used as a reference antioxidant). These results are consistent with the conclusion that the toxicity of CCl4 is due to LPO and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that Gossypitrin's protective effects relate to its direct radical scavenging ability and other antioxidative processes induced by its structure.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of gossypitrin on carbon tetrachloride-induced in vivo hepatotoxicity. 1459 45

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of chemically mediated liver injury. Since glycosaminoglycans possess antioxidant activity, the aim of this work was to assess the protective effects of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate treatment in a model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Liver damage was induced in male rats by an intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg in vegetal oil). Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde, plasma TNF-alpha, hepatic reduced glutathione and catalase, and myeloperoxidase, an index of polymorphonuclear infiltration in the jeopardised hepatic tissue, were evaluated 24 h after carbon tetrachloride administration. Carbon tetrachloride produced a marked increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, primed lipid peroxidation, enhanced plasma TNF-alpha levels, induced a severe depletion of reduced glutathione and catalase, and promoted neutrophil accumulation. Intraperitoneal treatment of rats with hyaluronic acid (25 mg/kg) or chondroitin-4-sulphate (25 mg/kg) failed to exert any effect in the considered parameter, while the combination treatment with both glycosaminoglycans (12,5 + 12,5 mg/kg) decreased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited lipid peroxidation by reducing hepatic malondialdehyde, reduced plasma TNF-alpha, restored the endogenous antioxidants, and finally decreased myeloperoxidase activity. These results suggest that hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate possess a different antioxidant mechanism and consequently the combined administration of both glycosaminoglycans exerts a synergistic effect with respect to the single treatment.
 ...
PMID:Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate treatment reduces damage in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute rat liver injury. 1469 11

Oxidative stress with subsequent lipid peroxidation has been postulated as one mechanism for lead toxicity. Hence in assessing the protective effects of lipoic acid (LA) and meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) on lead toxicity, they were tested either separately or in combination for their effects on selected indices of hepatic oxidative stress. Elevated levels of lipid peroxides were accompanied by altered antioxidant defense systems. Lead acetate (Pb - 0.2%) was administered in drinking water for five weeks to induce toxicity. LA (25 mg kg(-1) body wt. day(-1) i.p) and DMSA (20 mg kg(-1) body wt. day(-1) i.p) were administered individually and also in combination during the sixth week. Lead damage to the liver was evident in the decreases in hepatic enzymes alanine transaminase (-38%), aspartate transaminase (-42%) and alkaline phosphatase (-43%); increases in lipid peroxidation (+38%); decreases in the antioxidant enzymes catalase (-45%), superoxide dismutase (-40%), glutathione peroxidase (-46%) and decreases in glutathione (-43%) and decreases in glutathione metabolizing enzymes, glutathione reductase (-59%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (-27%) and glutathione-S-transferase (-42%). In combination LA and DMSA completely ameliorated the lead induced oxidative damage. Either compound alone was however only partially protective against lead damage.
 ...
PMID:Combined efficacies of lipoic acid and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. 1471 56

Cervical carcinoma is the second most common cancer worldwide. The extent of free radical induced oxidative stress can be exacerbated by the decreased efficiency of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Low levels of essential antioxidants in the circulation have been found to be associated with an increased risk of cancer. The aim of our study was to assess the extent of oxidative stress, the levels of antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ceruloplasmin and to evaluate tumor markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels in circulation of women with cervical carcinoma and to compare our findings with age matched controls. Low levels of SOD and CAT observed in the circulation of cervical cancer patients may be due to their increased utilization to scavenge lipid peroxides as well as sequestration by tumor cells. Higher levels of TSA, AST, ALT and ALP, in the circulation of cervical cancer patients may be used in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of patients with cervical carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative stress and tumor markers in cervical cancer patients. 1497 92

HP-1 a herbal formulation comprising of Phyllanthus niruri and extracts of Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica and Tinospora cordifolia has been evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Results show that HP-1 reversed the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and prevented the depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels in a primary monolayer culture of rat hepatocytes (in vitro). HP-1 attenuated the serum toxicity as manifested in elevated levels of transaminases (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and GPT) The antioxidative enzymes in liver (catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were restored to normal values after the oral administration of HP-1. HP-1 suppressed the formation of the superoxide anion radical and reduced CCl4 mediated lipid peroxidation (LPO). Silymarin and antioxidants (ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol) were used for comparison. The present study showed that HP-1 is a potential hepatoprotective formulation with an additional attribute of being anti-peroxidative.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocurative and antioxidant profile of HP-1, a polyherbal phytomedicine. 1499 25

The plant Mentha piperita, or peppermint, is commonly used in the treatment of loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea and vomiting, and indigestion as a herbal agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate biochemical and histological effects of M. piperita Labiatae, growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta city, and Mentha spicata Labiatae, growing in the Anamas high plateau of the Yenisar Bademli town, on the rat liver tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals: Group I received no herbal tea (control group); Group II received 20 g/L M. piperita tea; Group III received 20 g/L M. spicata tea; and Group IV received 40 g/L M. spicata tea. Herbal teas were prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) activities were measured. To evaluate liver antioxidant defences, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities were determined in the homogenates of liver tissue. In addition, liver tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination. AST and ALT activities were increased in Group II, Group III and Group IV gradually when compared with the control group. The difference between Group II and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). Increases in AST and ALT activities of Group III and Group IV were statistically significant when compared with the control group. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased in Group II when compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). However, SOD, GSH-Px activities and the TBARS level were significantly increased, and CAT activity was significantly decreased in Group III when compared with the control group. In Group IV, while SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased, the TBARS level was increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.0016). Histopathological evaluation of experimental groups revealed a mild to severe degree of hepatic damage when compared to the control group. In Group II, there was only minimal hepatocytes degeneration. In Groups III and IV, there were granular or ballooning hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, sinusoidal and central vein dilatation. It was concluded that lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage occurs after M. piperita and M. spicata administration in rat liver and the damage seems to be dose dependent.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. 1502 12

Sesame oil is regarded as a daily nutritional supplement to increase cell resistance to lipid peroxidation. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of parenteral sesame oil on oxidative stress and hepatic disorder induced by lipopolysaccharide and to determine the defense mechanisms involved in sesame oil-associated anti-oxidative effects in rats. Oxidative stress was induced by lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and assessed by determination of lipid peroxidation. Sesame oil (8 ml/kg, subcutaneously) was given 3 h after lipopolysaccharide, and lipid peroxide levels, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the levels of glutathione and nitrite were examined 6 h after lipopolysaccharide. Hepatic function was assessed by determining the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Sesame oil reduced lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical, but failed to affect superoxide anion. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased, but glutathione was not affected, and the levels of nitrite were reduced. Further, sesame oil-treated groups showed attenuated hepatic disorder in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Thus, parenteral sesame oil can be used to attenuate oxidative stress and relieve hepatic disorder after lipopolysaccharide intoxication in rats.
 ...
PMID:Parenteral sesame oil attenuates oxidative stress after endotoxin intoxication in rats. 1503 64

The relationship among the enzyme activities of cardiac markers, the antioxidant defense system, and erythrocyte membrane malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels related to vitamin-mineral supplementation in swim exercise was investigated. Swimmers aged 11 - 13 years were divided into 2 separate groups as control and vitamin-mineral supplemented. Swimmers participated in a monthly swimming program (4 times/wk) and swam approximately 2- 2.5 km/d. Cardiac markers such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK - MB), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT (AST)], lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in post-training samples were found to be significantly (p<.05) higher than in pre-training samples. Except for GOT (AST), the activity increases in CK, CK-MB, and LDH in female and male supplemented groups were significantly (p<.05) lower than those of control groups during the 1-month period of swim training. Antioxidant enzyme activity increases in the male vitamin-mineral group were significantly (p <.05) higher when compared with the other groups. Post-training MDA levels were significantly (p <.001) higher than pre-training MDA levels in the control groups, whereas no significant (p<.05) differences were found between the vitamin-mineral supplemented groups. Vitamin-mineral supplementation was found to attenuate cardiac and muscle damage markers while also enhancing antioxidant levels and reducing membrane LPO levels in response to 1 month of swim training.
 ...
PMID:Effects of vitamin-mineral supplementation on cardiac marker and radical scavenging enzymes, and MDA levels in young swimmers. 1511 88


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>